Acid Composition Of Diet Research Articles

Exome-Based Amino Acid Optimization: A Dietary Strategy to Satisfy Human Nutritional Demands and Enhance Muscle Strength in Breast Tumor Mice Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience muscle wasting and weakness, which impact their quality of life. A potential solution lies in customizing amino acid compositions based on exome-derived formulations (ExAAs). The study hypothesized that tailoring dietary amino acids using ExAAs could enhance muscle health. Theoretical amino acid requirements were calculated from the genome's exome region, and a breast cancer mouse model undergoing paclitaxel treatment was established. The mice were supplemented with a cancer-specific nutritional formula (QJS), and the effects of QJS and amino acid-adjusted QJS (adjQJS) were compared. Both formulations improved the nutritional status without compromising tumor growth. Notably, adjQJS significantly enhanced muscle strength compared to QJS (1.51 ± 0.25 vs. 1.30 ± 0.08 fold change, p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in complement and coagulation cascades, with an observed upregulation of C3 gene expression in adjQJS. Immune regulation also changed, showing a decrease in B cells and an increase in monocytes in skeletal muscle with adjQJS. Importantly, adjQJS resulted in a notable increase in Alistipes abundance compared to QJS (10.19 ± 0.04% vs. 5.03 ± 1.75%). This study highlights the potential of ExAAs as valuable guide for optimizing amino acid composition in diets for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Effects of different diets on fatty acid composition and nutritional values of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

This study investigated the effects of different diets (formulated feed, frozen trash fish and conversion of two diets) on fatty acid composition of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. A total of 184 food-size individuals were collected from 21 commercial largemouth bass ponds. In all samples, thirty-two fatty acids were detected, and five fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C20:5n3 and C22:6n3) were major, which accounted for 75% of the total fatty acid content. There was a positive correlation between the fatty acid composition in diets and fillet. Significant differences were detected in the fatty acid composition of largemouth bass between frozen trash fish group and formulated feed group. Statistical analyses revealed that 17 fatty acids, including DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid), were highly significantly different between three diet groups (p < 0.01). The levels of ω-3 PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acid), ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs ratio, and S: M: P ratios of frozen trash fish group were significantly higher than formulated feed group. These results could provide theoretical basis for the transformation and upgrading of diets for largemouth bass and have important significance for promoting healthy and sustainable aquaculture methods.

Effect of Sweetness Level and Amino Acid Composition of Palm Sugar on Feed Intake of Trichoglossus haematodus in Captivity

Palm sugar solution diets that were offered to the Lorikeets contain high energy, low protein and rich in amino acids similar to nectar. The major components of palm sugar are sucrose, which has a sweet taste. The Lorikeets can detect energy-rich from the sweet taste of the feed. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of sweetness level and amino acid composition in palm sugar solution diets on feed intake of T. haematodus. The research method was completely randomized design arranged in a factorial with two factors. The first factor consisted of 4 types of palm sugars, i.e. aren, coconut, siwalan/palmyra, and nipah sugar with a different degree Brix in 13.5º, 14.0º, 14.5º, and 15.0º Brix.While the second factor consisted of two treatments, with and without the addition of the commercial baby biscuit. The results showed that the feed intake of Siwalan sugar was significantly higher than the other palm sugar solution diets. Siwalan sugar solution diet has high sweetness level, sucrose content and essential amino acid Lysine. This study provides the new information regarding the sweetness level of palm sugar and amino acid composition in the diet that can affect feed intake of T. haematodus. Therefore, this information will help to make a formulation of appropriate diet that meets the nutrient requirements especially amino acid for the birds.

Influence of a Dietary Vegetable Oil Blend on Serum Lipid Profiles in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea).

Serum lipid metabolic responses are associated with certain metabolic disorders induced by dietary habits in mammals. However, such associations have not been reported in fish. Lipidomic analyses were performed to investigate fish lipid metabolic responses to a dietary vegetable oil (VO) blend and to elucidate the mechanism of how the dietary VO blend affects serum lipid profiles. Results showed that the dietary VO blend strongly affects serum lipid profiles, especially the ratio of triglyceride/phosphatidylcholine (TAG/PC), via inhibiting hepatic PC biosynthesis and facilitating hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein assembly. Studies in vitro suggested that changes of serum TAG/PC ratio may be partially attributed to altered fatty acid composition in diets. Additionally, the reduction of 16:0/18:1-PC induced by the dietary VO blend may play a role in abnormal lipid deposition through inhibiting PPARA-mediated activation of β-oxidation. These findings suggested that the serum TAG/PC ratio might be a predictive parameter for abnormal lipid metabolism induced by dietary nutrition in fish.

Effect of pig genotypes from Slovak and Polish breeds on meat quality

Abstract. Nowadays, meat and meat products from indigenous pig breeds are desired by consumers for their high sensory quality. For that reason, the trend to use indigenous pig breeds for production of these products has widened. The aim of this study was to compare physical and chemical parameters of Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) as well as content of cholesterol and fatty acid profiles among Mangalitsa, the crossbreed Mangalitsa × Duroc, and pig meat breed Slovak Large White with Polish indigenous breeds Pulawska and Zlotnicka spotted. In the study, 48 pigs were used. The pigs were divided into 5 groups of different genotypes: Mangalitsa breed (n = 9), the crossbreed Mangalitsa × Duroc (n = 9), Slovak Large White – SLW (n = 10), Zlotnicka spotted (n = 10) and Pulawska (n = 10). The pigs were reared under intensive conditions, and they were fed by an ad libitum system with complete feed mixtures. The fattening period lasted from 30 to 100 kg of live weight. The SLW had the highest average daily gain with the lowest feed intake compared to Mangalitsa, the crossbreed Ma × Du and Polish indigenous breeds (P &lt; 0.001). SLW had the highest meat content in the carcass while Mangalitsa had the lowest (P &lt; 0.001). Mangalitsa and their crossbreed Ma × Du had the highest fat content in the carcass, but the SLW and Polish indigenous pig breeds had the lowest fat content in the carcass (P &lt; 0.001). As regards the physical properties of MLD, the Polish indigenous pig breeds achieved the highest values of pH45 min post mortem, the lowest drip loss values, the lowest colour values of CIE L* and the highest values of CIE b* compared to other genotypes in the experiment (P &lt; 0.001). However the meat of crossbreed Ma × Du had pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like conditions due to the low pH45 min post mortem, the high values of drip loss and CIE L*. The crossbreed Ma × Du and Polish indigenous pig breeds had the highest content of intramuscular fat in MLD compared to Mangalitsa and SLW (P &lt; 0.001). The cholesterol content in MLD was the highest in Polish pig breeds and the lowest in SLW (P &lt; 0.001). Regarding the fatty acid content in the meat, intramuscular fat (IMF) from Zlotnicka spotted was significantly the most polyunsaturated with the highest percentages of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3, and it had the lowest percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) as well as contents of C18:1cis-9 and C18:1trans-11 compared to other genotypes (P &lt; 0.001). IMF from Slovak Large White was the most saturated and monounsaturated with the highest content of C18:1cis-9, and it has the lowest percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in IMF compared to genotypes in the study (P &lt; 0.001). From the results, it follows that the Polish indigenous pig breeds are more suitable for the breeding and production of special meat products due to acceptable fattening and carcass parameters as well as the meat quality. As regards fatty acid composition of meat, the direct influence between fatty acid composition in diet and in Musculus longissimus dorsi was not determined. However, the genotypes have a significant impact on fatty acid profiles in MLD.

Soybean and cottonseed meals are good candidates for fishmeal replacement in the diet of juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense

Macrobrachium nipponense is a new aquaculture species with high market demand and is preferred as food by Asian consumers. However, its nutrient requirements and optimal dietary sources have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we examined four common plant protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and peanut meal) as partial replacement for 25% fishmeal protein in five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in M. nipponense for 8 weeks. The nutritional effects of the four plant protein sources were compared by means of growth performance, feed efficiency, histology, biochemical composition, oxidative stress, total hemocyte count, and in vitro digestion. Prawns fed the diets containing soybean (730.96 ± 33.50%) and cottonseed meals (672.32 ± 74.52%) had higher weight gain than those fed on rapeseed (503.71 ± 50.85%) and peanut (507.79 ± 52.10%) meal diets (p < 0.05). Similarly, the feed conversion ratios of prawns fed on soybean (1.66 ± 0.12%) and cottonseed (1.88 ± 0.06%) meal diets were significantly lower than those fed on rapeseed (2.37 ± 0.10%) and peanut (2.77 ± 0.16%) (p < 0.05) meal diets. No significant differences were found among groups in the hepatopancreas and intestinal histological characteristics, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and hemocyte number. The amino acid composition in diets and prawn muscles was comparable among groups. Soybean meal showed the highest in vitro digestibility. Taken together, soybean and cottonseed meals could be good candidates for partial fishmeal replacement in M. nipponense diets.

Expression of ezrin in vagina cells of postmenopausal rats after dietary administration of omega-3 Fatty Acid formula.

ObjectivesTo see the effect of dietary administration of omega 3-fatty acid formula on the vaginal cells of postmenopausal rats.MethodsThree-week-old female Wistar/ST rats were raised after one week of adjustment period. The rats were then divided into three groups, for three different kinds of diet; general diet, 1% omega-3 fatty acid diet, and 2% omega-3 fatty acid diet. After eight weeks of having assigned diet, after the oophorectomy, with the same diet previously they had Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and Western Blot about ezrin, merlin were done.ResultsIn immunohistochemistry, estrogen injection group revealed thicker and well differentiated features. In Immunofluorescence, Omega-3 fatty acid composition in diet did not effect expression of ezrin and merlin in rat vagina in estrogen injection group, their vaginal epithelium showed full layers (from basal to apical layer). In Western Blot analysis, Omega-3 fatty acid composition in diet did not affect expression of ezrin and merlin in rat vagina estrogen presented significant impact on expression of ezrin and merlin.ConclusionAlthough omega-3 fatty acid composition changed in diet, vaginal epithelial morphology unchanged. Estrogen did effect on vagina cell, but omega-3 fatty acid did not effect on ezrin and merlin in vagina.

Serum alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids are inversely associated with depressive symptoms in adults

Summary Background & aims Fatty acid composition in diet and serum has been linked to depression, but the evidence on this issue is limited among Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We examined the association between fatty acid composition in serum and depressive symptoms in Japanese men and women. Methods The subjects were 496 participants aged 21–67 years in a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Free, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid fatty acids in serum were measured by gas–liquid chromatography. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between serum fatty acid and depressive symptoms. Results A higher free alpha-linolenic acid level was marginally significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) (P for trend = 0.07). When a cut-off of CES-D ≥ 19 was used, the association was strengthened; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for the lowest through highest tertile of alpha-linolenic acid levels were 1.00 (reference), 0.49 (0.29–0.84), and 0.47 (0.26–0.83), respectively (P for trend = 0.007). A higher n-6 PUFA in cholesterol esters and free linoleic acid were also significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 19) (P for trend = 0.03 and 0.048, respectively). The other polyunsaturated fatty acids including marine-derived n-3 PUFA were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Fatty acid composition with high levels of serum alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids might be protectively associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese adults.

Effects of total fat content and fatty acid composition in diet on factor VII coagulant activity and blood lipids

In a strictly controlled cross-over study (twice 2 weeks) of 11 healthy adults, the effects of a low-fat diet (32% of total energy from fat) with a low or a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (0.28 and 0.89, respectively) were observed. Factor VII activity and antigen levels, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Factor VII activity was determined in clotting assays using human and bovine thromboplastin (interacting primarily with activated factor VII, F VIIa), allowing differentiation between F VIIc and F VIIa. A significant decrease of F VII levels (median 11.0–14.5%, P < 0.05) and triglycerides (median 0.22–0.27 mmol/1, P < 0.05) was observed on both diets, while only the highly unsaturated diet reduced serum cholesterol levels (median 0.65 mmol/1, P < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between changes in blood lipids and F VIIc. Low fat diets may reduce the risk for ischemic heart disease without lowering of cholesterol levels by eliminating states of hypercoagulability such as elevated factor VII coagulant activity.

Influence of fatty acid composition of diet on cholesterol content of eel liver and muscle

The influence of different diets on cholesterol content of liver and muscle of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was studied for the first time. In control eel, cholesterol constituted near 7.5% of total lipids in liver and about 1% in muscle. Feeding herring meal-55% diet produced a drastic increase in hepatic cholesterol after a 30 d period. In muscle, cholesterol content also increased after any dietary treatment. Free cholesterol represented about 34% of total cholesterol in liver and about 50% in muscle. In both tissues, these percentages increased after any experimental condition assayed. The n-3/n-6 ratio in the fatty acid composition was manifestly low in herring meal-55% diet, mainly due to the minimal amount of total n-3 fatty acids. This fact may account for the increase in liver cholesterol, bearing in mind the hypocholesterolemic effect of the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids.