Acid Alpha-naphthyl Acetate Esterase Research Articles

Effect of seasonal changes on the innate immunity of wild Pseudois nayaur: potential reason for its endangerment.

Seasonal climate change may impose stress on mammal's immune system, but this has never been connected to wildlife endangerment reasons. This study focuses on Pseudois nayaur, a rare Chinese sheep facing a severe situation of disappearing. Wild Pseudois nayaurs in Sichuan, China were observed in this research by an integrated method including habitat environment, foraging rules, and breeding activities investigation in ecology filed, accompanied with immunity research by peripheral blood, including erythrocyte, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages immunity by means of erythrocyte rosette, phagocytosis, lactate dehydrogenase release and acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase method, respectively. The results show that Pseudois nayaurs's innate and red blood cell immunity in autumn and winter Pseudois nayaurs and it may be the results of energy reallocation between reproduction and the immune system. In addition, the environment pressure found in Zhu Balong, Sichuan, China including food reduction, human disturbance, low temperature, and severe drought still existed, which may prevent the Pseudois nayaur from normal immunity enhancement before winter. In conclusion, the innate immunosuppression found in this study especially at their breeding season in autumn and winter may be the ignored cause of wild Pseudois nayaur's endangerment and should be considered in their protection strategy.

Cytochemically Demonstrable B-Glucuronidase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Human Lymphoid Cells

Mononuclear cell suspensions were prepared from 40 normal peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue specimens and 42 neoplastic specimens obtained from patients with malignant lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. These suspensions were analyzed for la antigens, surface immunoglobulin (Slg), sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette formation and, in some instances, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. The results of these studies were correlated with the expression of cytochemically demonstrable BG activity. The percentage of BG+ lymphocytes was found to be comparable, within 10%, to the percentage of E+ (T) cells in the majority of normal, non-neoplastic peripheral blood, tonsil, spleen, and lymph node specimens examined. Occasionally, the percentage of E+ cells exceeded the percentage of BG+ cells by 20% or more, suggesting the presence of an E+BG- T cell subpopulation. BG+ B lymphocytes were only demonstrated in 1 of 40 non-neoplastic lymphoid specimens. The neoplastic B cells in each of 14 B cell (la+Slg+E-) lymphomas were BG-. However, a variable proportion of the neoplastic cells isolated from 6 cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and neoplastic plasma cells isolated from 7 cases of multiple myeloma expressed BG activity. Thus, it appears that both normal and neoplastic BG- and BG+ B lymphocyte populations exist; the latter may be related to a state of activation or a stage of B cell differentiation. The neoplastic cells isolated from 4 T cell (la-Slg-E+) malignancies were BG+ while those isolated from 3 T cell malignancies were BG-. The variable expression of BG activity by T cell malignancies may be related to T cell differentiation. Investigation of BG expression by T cell derived malignancies may prove useful in sorting out T cell phenotypes.

Effect of acupuncture on immunologic function and histopathology of transplanted mammary cancer in mice

This experiment mainly describes the effects of acupuncture on immunologic function and histopathology of transplanted mammary cancer in mice. The results were as follows: in acupuncture group, NK cell activity and T-lymphocyte positive rate of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and lymphocyte transformation rate were all increased. Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference (P < 0.01). The difference was insignificant, when compared with normal group (P > 0.05). Comparing the pathology grading of acupuncture group with control group, it showed marked difference in pathological section (P < 0.01). Adenoid structure and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration also have marked difference between acupuncture and control group (P < 0.05). Less tumour volume in acupuncture than control group were observed (P < 0.01). This indicated that acupuncture might increase the immunologic function of transplanted mammary cancer in mice and inhibit the growth of mammary cancer and enhance both differentiation level of mammary cancer cells and lymphocytic infiltration. Possibly acupuncture mightt reduce the malignancy of mammary cancer cells.

Human Follicular Dendritic Cells: Isolation and Characteristics in Situ and in Suspension

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in human tonsils, either in situ in follicular germinal centres or isolated from tissue, were characterized by immunohistochemical, enzyme cytochemical and electron microscopical methods. Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, expression of DRC-1, Ki-M4, HLA-DR, CR1, C1q antigens, a macrophage marker, and surface IgG and IgM were found on isolated FDC and on FDC in situ. None of these reagents proved to be specific for FDC, e.g. the FDC-directed antibodies DRC-1 and Ki-M4 labelled B lymphocytes in cytofluorography. Enzyme cytochemical staining revealed activities of non-specific esterase, acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase and ATPase in germinal centres and in freshly isolated FDC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a weak expression of CD4 by a fraction of isolated FDC, which was confirmed by two-colour immuno-staining and immuno-electron microscopy.

Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of the cynomolgus monkey using flow cytometry

This study was performed to assess the usefulness of flow cytometry in comparison with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining for the enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations in cynomolgus monkeys. For flow cytometry, use was made of mouse antihuman leukocyte monoclonal antibody (T11), recognized to undergo cross-reaction with monkey T lymphocytes or antimonkey IgG serum labelled with fluoroscein isothiocyanate. The percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations in mononuclear cells of thirty healthy female cynomolgus monkeys were 72.1 +/- 2.4% for T cells and 24.6 +/- 2.4% for B cells as assayed by flow cytometry evaluation, and 63.8 +/- 2.5% for T cells and 15.8 +/- 2.2% for B cells as determined by ANAE staining. Although the percentage of T cells shown by ANAE staining was significantly lower than that seen with flow cytometry, the coefficient of correlation indicated a close correlation in both T and B cell subsets between these two methods. In monkeys receiving 20 mg kg-1 cyclophosphamide daily for 14 days, counts of all leukocytes and T and B cells were decreased, whereas animals treated with 1.0 mg kg-1 muroctasin daily for 14 days showed higher monocyte and neutrophil counts without changes in T or B cells. These results suggest that flow cytometry evaluation has several advantages over ANAE staining with respect to rapidity and precision in toxicological studies using large numbers of monkeys.

Alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activities in guinea pig Kurloff cells: a cytochemical and electrophoretic study.

We established the presence of nonspecific esterases in the Kurloff cell (KC) by cytochemical methods at both light and electron microscope levels. Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activities were localized on the external face of the plasma membrane and on the external surface of the membrane surrounding the Kurloff body. Different cytosoluble KC extracts were obtained from purified splenic KC suspensions. About 18 isoenzymes were observed by isoelectric focusing, whereas after polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in native conditions almost all activity was observed on a few broad bands with very high apparent molecular weights, suggesting their oligomeric arrangement. After a first aqueous extraction step which released only a few isoenzymes, the remaining pellet was subjected to Triton X-100. This released almost all the isoenzymes observed after direct Triton X-100 extraction. These data suggest that almost all the KC esterases are membrane-bound enzymes, in agreement with the subcellular enzyme distribution. Different substrates were also used to characterize the different specificities of the KC isoesterases. Weak activity was detected with alpha-naphthyl butyrate by light cytochemistry, which essentially corresponded, on zymograms, to the membrane-bound esterase activity.

Age-related functional changes in the follicle-associated epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius in Shaver Cockerels

A study of the age-related functions of immunologically important components of the bursa of Fabricius in Shaver cockerels showed that endocytosis of carbon particles by the specialised follicle-associated epithelium was at a high level from hatching until 5 weeks of age and thereafter declined until at 18 weeks it could no longer be detected. The follicle-associated epithelium had marked non-specific esterase activity during the first 15 weeks of life as determined by a standard acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase method. The absolute weight of the bursa was at a maximum at 9 to 10 weeks. Involution began before 14 weeks and was complete by 22 weeks. The results indicate that the critical period for the bursa in regard to acquiring immunity from either local vaccination or environmental challenge is likely to be within the first five weeks of life.

Acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with Marek’s disease after vaccination with three different vaccines

The average percentage of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes (APARL) was enumerated in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with Marek's disease after vaccination with either turkey herpesvirus (HVT), inactivated Marek's disease virus (IMDV) or a mixture of the two (bivalent vaccine). A gradual increase in APARL value was noticed in the vaccinated chickens from day 7 to 70 after challenge with a virulent Marek's disease virus. The increase was consistent and significantly higher in bivalent (HVT plus IMDV) than in HVT-vaccinated chickens while the slight increase noticed in IMDV vaccinated-challenged birds was inconsistent.

Acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes of chickens.

SummaryBlood smears prepared from 10 healthy adult female White Leghorn chickens stained by the acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) technique revealed ANAE activity in lymphocytes and monocytes, characterized by the presence of either single or multiple small reddish‐brown dots or globules in the lymphocytes and a diffuse brownish staining in monocytes. On average, 35% of the lymphocytes were positive for ANAE reaction. The erythrocytes and the granular leukocytes, however, did not show any such reaction. Since in other species a single or multiple globular reaction pattern of ANAE is known to be characteristic of T‐lymphocytes, and can be used to identify these cells in the peripheral blood, it is suggested that the lymphocytes stained in this pattern in the present study can also be identified as T‐lymphocytes.ZusammenfassungAktivität der sauren Naphthylazetat‐Esterase in peripheren Blut‐Lymphozyten und Monozyten bei KükenBlutausstriche von 10 gesunden weiblichen Küken der Rasse Weißes Leghorn wurden mit der α‐Naphthylazetat (ANAE)‐Technik gefärbt. Die Prüfung der gefärbten Ausstriche ließ in Lymphozyten und Monozyten eine ANAE‐Aktivität erkennen, für die in den Lymphozyten die Anwesenheit einzelner oder multipler rötlich‐brauner Flecken oder Körner, in Monozyten dagegen eine diffuse braune Färbung charakteristisch war. Im Mittel zeigten 35% der Lymphozyten eine positive ANAE‐Reaktion. Erythrozyten und Granulozyten jedoch zeigten keinerlei derartige Reaktion. Da ein singuläres oder multiples globuläres Reaktionsmuster von ANAE bei anderen Species für T‐Lymphozyten charakteristisch ist und daher für die Identifizierung solcher Zellen im peripheren Blut verwendet werden kann, können die Lymphozyten, die in der vorliegenden Untersuchung dieses Farbverhalten gezeigt haben, mutmaßlich als T‐Lymphozyten angesprochen werden.

Prognostic significance of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We studied the prognostic value of the enzymes acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) in 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Follow-up data were available for 61 out of cases of non T- non B-ALL, which were treated in different hospitals according to the same protocols. Sex, age, initial white blood cell count (WBC) and number of high risk patients (WBC above 25 × 10 9/1 were comparable between enzyme-positive and -negative cases. The probabilities of complete continuous remission (CCR) were virtually identical in the AP + and AP − group. For the ANAE + group the probability of CCR was lower than for the ANAE - group, but this difference was not statistically significant (0.10 > p > 0.05). Within the common-ALL group ( n = 32), no difference was found in probability of CCR between the AP + and AP − group but ANAE + cases had a significantly lower probability of CCR than ANAE − cases. This study is a contribution to the view that the cytochemical profile of ALL cells may have prognostic value.

Relationship between structure and T-lymphocyte maturation in human thymomas. Enzyme histochemical and immunohistological studies.

Twenty-six human thymomas were studied in an attempt to correlate their morphological appearance with the type and degree of T-lymphocyte maturation, as determined by acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) activity and immunological analysis. Four normal human thymuses were used for purposes of comparison. Two morphological patterns were identified in the thymomas. The distinction was based largely on similarities between the neoplastic epithelial cells and normal cortical and medullary epithelial cells, and on the relative proportions of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. By these criteria "medullary" and "cortical" patterns were identified. In several thymomas both patterns were present in the same tumor ("mixed-type pattern"), producing alternating dark cortical-like areas and lighter foci of medullary differentiation. A good correlation was found between the two patterns and the phenotype of the T-associated lymphoid component. ANAE activity, which was completely lacking in normal cortical thymocytes, was almost absent in the phenotypically immature T-cells of cortical-type thymomas. By contrast, in the medullary-type thymomas, T-cells showed immunological features in common with medullary thymocytes. This was characterized by strong ANAE activity in the majority of cells with a staining pattern corresponding to that of peripheral T-lymphocytes. In addition, most of the proliferating epithelial cells in medullary-type thymomas stained strongly with anti-cytokeratin and anti-epidermal-type keratin antisera. In the mixed-type thymomas the epithelial cell morphology and the immunohistochemical and enzymic features of the T-cells were found to be closely related to the respective cortical--or medullary-like areas. It was concluded that the various characteristics of normal thymic cortex and medulla studied are also present in thymomas. In particular, in medullar-type thymomas the presence of many of the features of normal thymic medulla, such as a squamous cell component, macrophages and interdigitating reticulum cells, may constitute a microenvironment which operates actively in T-cell education. This may account for the functional activities, characteristic of peripheral T-lymphocytes, which T-lymphocytes attain in these thymomas.

The value of biopsy in patients with monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset.

The histopathology of arthroscopic biopsy material from the knees of 8 patients with monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) of recent onset and of 4 control patients was examined using a histochemical method for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method for different cell subtype-specific surface antigens. According to results of our prospective, single-blind study, nonspecific synovitis was observed in those biopsy samples obtained early in the course of disease. The samples were also characterized by cellular changes that are quite distinct from those described in patients with chronic rheumatoid synovitis. JRA must be considered the cause of symptoms if no orthopedic or infectious disease is found at arthroscopy in children with monarticular symptoms of recent onset and if nonspecific synovitis is observed in the histopathologic specimen. This pathologic description, however, does not correspond to that of classic rheumatoid synovitis. In our studies, we found that mononuclear cells displaying diffuse cytoplasmic esterase and surface Ia formed a large proportion of all inflammatory cells in situ. There were comparatively few activated Ia+ T cells and plasma cells. These observations suggest that exudative features and nonspecific cellular inflammation are prominent at onset of JRA. The immune response, in the form of immunocompetent T and B cells, seems to be more extensively involved in chronic JRA and may represent secondary features of the disease.

Cytochemical analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: correlation of hydrolase expression with graft-versus-host disease

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 21 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were monitored post-BMT for immunologic markers (E rosettes OKT3, OKT8, DR, and BT5/9, a monoclonal antibody which stains helper T cells), cytochemical markers (acid phosphatase [AP], beta-glucuronidase [BGLU], and acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase [ANAE] ), and morphology. The cytochemical T score, was obtained from typical AP, BGLU, and ANAE reactivity. The same was done for the cytochemical non-T score and macrophage (Mo) score. All patients received cyclosporine A (CyA) for graft-v-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. In univariate analysis there was no significant correlation between the proportion of E rosettes, OKT3-, OKT8-, DR-, and BT5/9-positive cells, and GvHD. The first three showed instead a positive correlation with time from transplant: E rosettes (P = .02), OKT3 (P = .01), and OKT8 (P = .003). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found in univariate analysis, between the cytochemical T score and GvHD (P = .0001), and a positive correlation between non-T score and GvHD (P = .0008), as well as between the Mo score and GvHD (P = .03). There was no influence of time from transplant on the T (P = .8), non-T (P = .8), or Mo score (P = .4). In multivariate analysis comparing E rosettes, OKT3, T score, non-T score, GvHD, and time from BMT, the only variable associated with GvHD was the T score (P less than .05). These results suggest that T cell activation during GvHD is associated with a loss of hydrolase expression in T cells, but does not imply relevant modifications of immunologic surface markers. In addition, lysosomal enzymes appear early (before day 10) after transplantation, indicating that T cells at this stage are well differentiated.

Cytochemical analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: correlation of hydrolase expression with graft-versus-host disease

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells of 21 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were monitored post-BMT for immunologic markers (E rosettes OKT3, OKT8, DR, and BT5/9, a monoclonal antibody which stains helper T cells), cytochemical markers (acid phosphatase [AP], beta-glucuronidase [BGLU], and acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase [ANAE] ), and morphology. The cytochemical T score, was obtained from typical AP, BGLU, and ANAE reactivity. The same was done for the cytochemical non-T score and macrophage (Mo) score. All patients received cyclosporine A (CyA) for graft-v-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. In univariate analysis there was no significant correlation between the proportion of E rosettes, OKT3-, OKT8-, DR-, and BT5/9-positive cells, and GvHD. The first three showed instead a positive correlation with time from transplant: E rosettes (P = .02), OKT3 (P = .01), and OKT8 (P = .003). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found in univariate analysis, between the cytochemical T score and GvHD (P = .0001), and a positive correlation between non-T score and GvHD (P = .0008), as well as between the Mo score and GvHD (P = .03). There was no influence of time from transplant on the T (P = .8), non-T (P = .8), or Mo score (P = .4). In multivariate analysis comparing E rosettes, OKT3, T score, non-T score, GvHD, and time from BMT, the only variable associated with GvHD was the T score (P less than .05). These results suggest that T cell activation during GvHD is associated with a loss of hydrolase expression in T cells, but does not imply relevant modifications of immunologic surface markers. In addition, lysosomal enzymes appear early (before day 10) after transplantation, indicating that T cells at this stage are well differentiated.

Lymphoid crisis with T‐cell phenotypes in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloid leukaemia

A case of Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome negative chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) developed lymphoid crisis. Immunological marker studies disclosed that the lymphoid cells were sheep erythrocyte-rosetting-, Leu-1+, Leu-5+, OKT-4+, OKT-8+, common ALL antigen-, HLA-DR-, cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulin-, MAS 036C(antithymocyte)+ (after in vitro culture) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-, indicating T-cell phenotypes, probably of common thymocytes. Cytochemical staining also demonstrated immature T-cell characters: dot-positivity for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and negative for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. All bone marrow metaphases exhibited normal karyotypes. Our observation suggests that the neoplastic features of a common stem cell for myeloid and lymphoid cell lines are very similar in Ph1 positive and negative CMLs, and that the stem cell can differentiate towards T-lineage.

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease): an immunohistochemical and enzyme-histochemical study of the hyaline-vascular form of lesion.

Tissues from five cases of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia have been studied. All had the histological structure of the hyaline-vascular type of lesion; large numbers of very compact lymphoid follicles were distributed evenly throughout a highly vascular tissue. The follicles were characterized by their small size, a vascular poorly cellular and frequently hyalinized centre, and a 'tight' concentric mantle of small lymphocytes arranged in layers producing an 'onion-skin' appearance. The interfollicular tissue was characterized by the large numbers of small vessels mainly hyalinized capillaries and a few high endothelial venules and the presence of variable numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, immunocytes and immunoblasts. The immunoperoxidase method demonstrated polytypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in the small numbers of centroblasts and plasma cells within the follicle centres and in the plasma cells and immunocytes in the interfollicular tissue. Large numbers of suppressor T cells were present in the interfollicular areas and only scattered helper T cells were seen within the lymphocyte mantles. A strong reaction for factor VIII-related antigen was seen in the endothelium of the interfollicular high endothelial venules but only a weak reaction in the vessels in the follicle centres. A concentric distribution pattern of the dendritic reticulum cells was seen with the metalophil impregnation method of Marshall and with the enzyme histochemical methods for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and 5'-nucleotidase. This pattern differs from the zonal distribution of these cells seen in reactive lymphoid follicles. The nature and possible pathogenesis of AFLNH are discussed and contrasted with reactive hyperplasia.

Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV activity in normal and leukemic T-cell subpopulations.

Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) cytochemical reactivity was investigated in monoclonal antibody defined T-lymphocyte subpopulations from normal blood and in cells from a series of T-cell leukemias of defined immunologic phenotype. A combined monoclonal antibody/immunocolloidal gold technic, which enabled simultaneous visualisation of immunogold label and DAP IV reactivity, was used to study enzyme reactivity in normal T-cell subpopulations. Single or several discrete granules of DAP IV reaction product were observed in 72% of OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells, whereas a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower percentage of OKT8+ cells (41%) displayed positivity; B-cells were invariably DAP IV negative. In the T-cell leukemias, DAP IV reactivity was strongest in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-prolymphocytic leukemia cells. In contrast, DAP IV activity was absent or expressed in a minority of cells of the more immature T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The enzyme reaction also was negative in lymphocytes from other mature T-cell leukemias: T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OKT8+), adult T-cell lymphoma-leukemia, and Sezary syndrome (both OKT4+). DAP IV expression did not parallel that of acid phosphatase or alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in leukemic T-lymphoid cells except in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-prolymphocytic leukemia, where a strong reaction with the three hydrolytic enzymes was observed.

Enzyme histochemical characterization of mononuclear cells in human dental periapical chronic inflammatory lesions.

Cell infiltrates in sections of paraffin-embedded tissue of 36 human periapical inflammatory lesions (15 granulomas and 21 cysts) were examined by staining for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE). Thirty-four of the lesions showed ANAE reactive T lymphocytes, plasma cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage cell line. Large granular lymphocytes (NK cells) could not be identified with certainty among the ANAE positive cells. Two specimens were free of ANAE reactive cells. Differential cell counts on sections from 15 lesions (7 granulomas and 8 cysts) showed that T lymphocytes were the predominating ANAE reactive cells (23%), followed by plasma cells (15%) and monocytes/macrophages (11%). 51% of the inflammatory cells were ANAE negative. There was no marked difference between the granulomas and the cysts. Inhibition with NaF (10-100 mM) gave a gradual reduction in number of ANAE positive cells, some macrophages being the only cells resistant to 100 mM NaF. The results suggest that both humoral and cellular immune reactions are likely to occur in periapical inflammatory lesions.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens and local immunologic reactivity in oral squamous cell tumors and hyperplasias.

A series of 191 oral mucosal tumors including those with suspected HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) etiology; squamous cell papilloma (SQP), condyloma acuminatum (CA), focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), as well as those regarded as unrelated to HPV; fibrous hyperplasia (FH), papillary hyperplasia (PH), and true fibroma (TF), were analyzed for HPV structural proteins (by indirect immunoperoxidase IP-PAP technique), for the presence of epithelial dysplasia, and for the cellular composition (B and T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, (MPS cells] of their local inflammatory cell infiltrates using ANAE-(acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase) stain. HPV structural proteins were disclosed in 85% of FEH, in 75% of CA, and in 41% of SQP. These three lesions significantly differed from PH and FH with regard to the intensity and cellular composition of the local infiltrates, being most intense and B cell predominated in the latter two. Mild dysplasia was found in 20% of both CA and SQP lesions, the former also showing moderate dysplasia in 12% of cases. The HPV antigen positivity was negatively correlated with dysplasia in CA and SQP, the intensity of the infiltrate showing positive association with dysplasia. The results are discussed in terms of HPV etiology of CA, SQP and FEH, of the host immunologic reactivity against these lesions, as well as of the possible role of HPV in human squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Ultrastructural localization of acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase in human normal and neoplastic lymphocytic and monocytic cells and in hairy cells.

The ultrastructural localization of acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (ANAE) activity was studied in normal and neoplastic human monocytic and lymphocytic cells including hairy cells. Normal monocytes and malignant monocytic cells from cases of AML-M4 and -M5 (FAB-classification) displayed fundamentally the same ANAE staining pattern with reaction products localized to the external surface of the plasma membrane and to small vesicles close to this membrane, more rarely to larger intracytoplasmic vesicles containing endocytosed material or cellular debris. The enzyme activity of the neoplastic cells increased with morphological differentiation. Certain normal blood lymphocytes and T cell-derived CLL cells showed the reaction product associated with paranuclearly located clusters of vesicular structures, extending from the membranes into the adjacent cytoplasm. Gall bodies were often found in the vicinity and were invariably positive for ANAE. Now and then, plasma membrane activity was present, but never as pronounced as in monocytes. Hairy cells demonstrated a pattern of reaction very similar to that of monocytic cells, whereas B cell-derived CLL cells and lymphoblasts of T- and common type ALL were generally non-reactive.