Achieve Food Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Improved water management can increase food self-sufficiency in urban foodsheds of Sub-Saharan Africa

Rising urban food demand in Sub-Saharan Africa will put pressure on local resource boundaries, such as the available land area and water resources. In assessing the extent to which urban centres can source from nearby areas in future, earlier analysis has concentrated on agronomic measures, aiming at yield gap closure. Here, we address the potential of local water conservation measures to help achieve food self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2061–2070, along the concept of urban ‘foodsheds’, matching crop-based food supply and demand in the surroundings of large cities for all major food groups. We find that ambitious but plausible levels of water conservation, primarily raising productivity on rainfed lands, have the potential to increase overall food production by 12% and food self-sufficiency levels in all major foodsheds to over 75%, with the region as a whole becoming self-sufficient. The increase in production could limit the projected required expansion of agricultural land use by more than 25%, which has important implications for biodiversity, land use-related conflicts and carbon sequestration.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH PADA PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI KOTA SEMARANG: PENDEKATAN STHOCHASTIC FRONTIER

Improving food self-sufficiency requires a strategy to increase paddy rice production. The urban agriculture initiative in Semarang City is seen as a suitable policy. However, the current increase in agricultural productivity through improved production efficiency is hampered by land conversion and inappropriate use of production inputs. The objective of this study is to assess the technical efficiency of wet-rice farming and its influencing factors in Semarang City. Cross-sectional data from 68 respondents were used in this study. The data analysis strategy used in this study is Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) combined with Stochastic Frontier Cobb Douglas production function. The results show that land area, seeds, NPK, urea, and pesticides are the main determinants of rice production. Paddy rice cultivation in Semarang City is technically efficient (0.73). Formal education and other sources of off-farm income are factors that influence the level of technical inefficiency of wet-rice cultivation. Strategies to achieve food self-sufficiency in urban agriculture include developing extension strategies and improving agricultural infrastructure.

Implementation the Interest Subsidy Program on Agriculture in Central Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract The implementation of Interest Subsidy Program was conducted in Central Java Province to increase farming production as well as a form of commitment from the government to support farmers to get access for financial as well as to achieve food self-sufficiency in the future. The objective of the study was to describe the implementation of Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture in terms of program’ achievement and problems encounter during program implementation. The research was conducted in three areas, namely Grobogan, Demak, Kendal, Pekalongan, and Wonogiri, with total 150 respondents. The Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture in Central Java Province was first carried out in 2022 with a target of 500 farmers as the pilot project. Unfortunately, 362 farmers were applied for the program, and only 58 farmers (11.6 percent) were approved and met the requirements as the recipients of Interest Subsidy Program on agriculture. Lack of socialization program to the farmers as well as coordination among government institutions were part of problems encountered in implementation program. Moreover, the acceleration of the regulatory process is needed to improve coordination in order to achieve program’ goal.

Participatory Evaluation of Thirty (30) New Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Lines Developed from Anther Culture under Senegal River Valley Growing Conditions

Rice is one of the most widely used staple foods in the world. However, its production is still very limited compared to the exponentially growing demand. Senegal, with an average consumption of 90 kg/habitant, is the third largest importer of rice in Africa. Aware of the impact of imports on the population, Senegal has set itself the objective of achieving food self-sufficiency by 2022 with an average yield of 5 tonnes/ha. ISRA, through its research, contributes to the achievement of this objective by developing adapted technologies. It is within this framework that a participatory evaluation of 30 new anther culture lines was conducted at the ISRA research station in Fanaye during the hot dry season of 2020. Surveys were conducted among producers through guided tours, while observations and measurements were made to collect agro-morphological parameters and characteristics preferred by producers. The agronomic results analysed and combined with the surveys made it possible to select the 10 best performing varieties. Among these 10 best performing lines, 6 were chosen by the producers. They are KF18134, KF18040, KF18068, KF18103, KF18124, KF18048, KF18005, KF18017, KF18001, KF18024. Crop yield is the first characteristic chosen by the growers. It was followed by short cycle characteristics, panicle load, low bird damage and medium height.

Factors influencing demand for, and supply of, agricultural credit: A study from Bangladesh

The provision of a wide range of financing choices enhances farmers' ability to respond to changing circumstances in their agricultural activities and maintain optimal levels of production. However, several household- and farm-level determinants impact the availability of, and demand for, agricultural credit in rural households. Therefore, the current study explores the determinants of demand for, and supply of, agricultural credit. To do so, data at the farm level were gathered using interviews with a randomly selected sample of 360 respondents in the Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. Additionally, 30 years' worth of secondary data were obtained from various sources to investigate the determinants of agricultural credit supply. Data were analyzed using binary logistics and multiple linear regression. Findings reveal that farmers’ demand for agricultural credit is positively influenced by farming experience and farm size. Factors that significanly discourage farmers from taking credit include (a) an increase in income-generating family members, (b) perceived high interest rates of credit, and (c) negative perceptions regarding the application procedure. Factors that increase agricultural credit supply are (a) an increase in credit supply targets and (b) increased severity of natural disasters. In addition, an increase in non-performing loans does not hinder agricultural credit supply as the Bangladeshi government has placed special emphasis on protecting farmers from crop failures and other adverse situations in order to achieve food self-sufficiency in the country.

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.

Assessing the Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Food Prices in Saudi Arabia: Insights From Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) Analysis

Abstract This research investigates the impact of oil price fluctuations on food prices in Saudi Arabia between 1979 and 2020 using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) methodology. The study employs Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) tests to determine the integration order of the variables and Bounds testing to confirm the existence of long run cointegration relationships between each variable. The results indicate that oil shocks influence food prices through several mechanisms. Firstly, the cost of energy increases due to the rise in oil prices, affecting the agricultural commodity market, including farm equipment, food processing, packaging, and distribution costs. Secondly, the demand for agricultural commodities to produce biofuels affects food availability and thus food prices. Thirdly, as an oil-based economy, the oil price shock affects food prices through its impact on government spending, which affects aggregate demand and liquidity. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should adopt appropriate policies to mitigate the impact of oil price shocks on food prices, including investing in renewable energy sources, diversifying its economy, and improving food production and supply chain efficiency. Additionally, implementing appropriate fiscal policies to ensure sufficient budget allocation for food support programs is crucial. However, Investing in groundwater exploration can contribute significantly to the development of Saudi agriculture and to gradually achieving food self-sufficiency.

Utilisation of green urban space for food sufficiency and the realisation of the sustainable development goals – UK stakeholders perspective

The exponential growth of food demand due to the increasing global population has the potential to seriously threaten the quality and quantity of food supplies due to climate change. This study explores the utilisation of green urban spaces for achieving food self-sufficiency by investigating the extent to which sustainable urban farms could be used to reduce the consumption of imported produce in the UK. It also examines urban farming stakeholders’ perspective on how food self-sufficiency can help realise the SDGs especially SDG 2 (Zero hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate action). The study adopts a mixed method approach through a survey with 115 respondents and semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 respondents from 4 different urban farming stakeholder groups. The findings of this study presented a strong correlation between stakeholders who had concerns about where their food came from and the carbon footprint of imported produce. The research shows that, urban farms will no doubt play a vital role in the future of food security in our cities/communities and that the SDGs could be realised through sustainable urban farms implemented within the relevant planning regulations/policies.

Evaluation of Forestry Component Survival in Plots of the Program “Sembrando Vida” (Sowing Life) Using Drones

Reforestation is one of the main actions undertaken to mitigate the effects of climate change. In Mexico, the Federal Government program “Sembrando Vida” (Sowing Life) is currently the most important reforestation effort. It aims to recoup forest cover and achieve food self-sufficiency through the establishment of agroforestry systems. The evaluation of tree survival in reforested areas helps to identify achievements and failures, as well as aspects of the program that require improvement. However, given the magnitude of this program, evaluation using traditional methodologies is labor-intensive and costly. In this context, drones equipped with high-resolution cameras are a promising tool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using drones to monitor tree survival in reforested areas. This study was conducted in 12 randomly chosen plots, benefited by the “Sembrando Vida” program, located on the Purépecha Plateau in the state of Michoacán, in central–western Mexico. Field surveys with GPS were conducted to record the total number of live and dead forest-tree seedlings. Simultaneously, high-resolution images were captured using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone equipped with an RGB camera for subsequent visual interpretation in a geographic information system to determine the status of each seedling and calculate the rates of survival. ANOVA was performed to compare the survival calculated using the drone images compared to that recorded in the field. No significant difference was found between survival estimated using the drone and that recorded directly in the field in any of the study plots, although the drone overestimated survival by an average of 6%, mostly due to the presence of dead seedlings that had already lost their foliage and were thus missed when scoring the RGB image. It is therefore concluded that the estimation of survival using drones is a reliable method. For future research, it is recommended to evaluate machine-learning algorithms in terms of detecting both living and dead trees in reforested sites. It is also recommended to use multispectral thermal cameras and LiDAR technology to broaden the knowledge of the different levels of vigor/stress present in the vegetation.

Organizational Strategy in Supporting National Food Security in Pamekasan Regency

Food is a basic human need that must always be satisfied. Getting food is a human right. The Food Security Act also clarifies and strengthens the achievement of food security, achieving food self-sufficiency through food independence, and food security. Today, the spread of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock can cause economic damage, as it reduces meat and milk production and makes animal trade difficult. The aim of this study is to identify strategies implemented by municipalities to support national food security during outbreaks of bovine foot and mouth disease. The type of study is descriptive qualitative, and this study focuses on the strategy of Pamekasa Regency Food Security and Agriculture Service in dealing with outbreaks of bovine foot and mouth disease and outlining the strategies of the government with five indicators namely objectives, environment, direction, action or action and learning. Purposive sampling with observation, interview, and documentation methods is used as a technique to determine informants to obtain information. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and inference. The results of research using indicators of organizational strategy, namely the goal indicator is still not good inequality in providing free vaccinations in each region. The environmental indicator has been running well, but the direction indicator has not been running well because not all farmers know the directions on how to bring in cattle from outside the region. The action indicator has not been maximized in leveling communication, information, and education, and the learning indicator has been running well.

Quadruple Helix Governance As An Effort in Maintaining Food Security Through Islamic Philantrophy

Food is a basic human need that must be fulfilled at any time and plays many important roles in the life of a nation. A nation's capacity to sustain the economic existence of global dynamics can be attributed to the availability of food that can be obtained by many stakeholders. This paper aims to provide a model of food security through Islamic philanthropy with the Quadruple Helix approach, which is the connection between academia, business, the government and the community,which coordinating well with the other. This paper is a qualitativestudy with the method used was literatureresearchthrough a systematic review approach. The findings of this study provided the result that food self-sufficiency cannot be realized without the role of quality and productivity at the core of food self-sufficiency; thus, the government must take a stand and fully support it. Academics had a significant part in the advancement of technology and effective food processing. The businesses had an equally critical role in supplying financing for industrial growth and creating jobs for the local population. In addition, the government, business and community could assist aid in the development and attainment of food self-sufficiency by creating fuctional food systems that will be possible to implement more suitable policies in the context of achieving food self-sufficiency.Keyword: Food Security, Islamic Philanthrophy, Quadruple Helix, Sustainable Development

Analysis of Reproduction and Agri-Food Market of Crop Production in the Conditions of Food Independence of the Region

Throughout the existence of mankind, the issues of human nutrition have been of daily relevance. With the development of statehood, their formulations have changed and since the beginning of the 21st century, tasks have been set to provide the population with food of their own production, to develop the reproductive process in agriculture, to achieve food self-sufficiency and independence.The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of reproduction process in the current situation on the market of crop production in order to assess the level of food self-sufficiency of the population of the Irkutsk region with these products and to develop recommendations for their development.Materials and methods. Statistical methods were used in the paper: descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, dynamic series analysis, monographic and other research methods. The study uses normative, reference and statistical information. The empirical base of the study was made up of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk region, accounting reports of agricultural organizations, publications in open sources. The object of the study is the supply of crop production in the Irkutsk region on the market.Results. The author’s approach in the study of the reproductive process and the agro-food market of crop production in the Irkutsk region, allowed to comprehensively analyze and determine: the type of reproduction of crop production, namely grain as expanded, potatoes and vegetables as narrowed; the main grain producers are peasant farms, potatoes and vegetables are households of the population; the level of self-sufficiency of the region with crop production, namely the region is self-sufficient with grain and potatoes; the level of food dependence of the region on imports, namely, the region is dependent on the import of vegetables; to identify the factors that influenced the formation of these indexes (natural and climatic, investment, reduction of the rural population, the prevailing eating behavior of the population of the region, etc.).Conclusion. Taking into account the results obtained, economic instability, high dynamics of changes in the external environment, the directions of formation and development of reproduction and agrifood market of crop production in the Irkutsk region are proposed, namely, for the development of grain production, it is necessary to organize and develop production of highly efficient machinery and technologies for processing; the development of potato growing requires significant investments in agricultural organizations and peasant farms for the purchase of equipment for planting, hilling, harvesting, etc., the construction of potato storage facilities, etc.; increasing the level of self-sufficiency with vegetables in the Irkutsk region is possible through the application of the experience of neighboring regions, the joint work of the state and agricultural producers, the allocation of state support and private investment.

Geospatial model for allocating favorable plots for groundwater-dependent cultivation activities in Egypt

Moving towards horizontal expansion in the vast barren lands to alleviate overpopulation along the Nile River is imperative to Egypt’s 2030 sustainable development strategy. Accordingly, a mega reclamation project was advocated with a key goal of achieving food self-sufficiency. Solar-powered groundwater pumping system was adopted as the main water supply. Planning efforts are therefore inevitable to help locate the most favourable sites for such extensive cultivation activities. Herein, a multicriteria decision analysis was conducted to facilitate the zoning of potential rural communities across the northern portions of the Western Desert of Egypt. For this purpose, data of groundwater exploration, soil characterization, terrestrial accessibility, insolation intensity, and terrain information were fused to produce a high-resolution suitability map. The analytical hierarchy process approach was adopted to set the weighted importance of adopted criteria. The study area was categorized into Best, Good, Moderate, Fair, Poor, and Restricted classes at 1.7%, 13%, 42.6%, 26%, 10%, and 3%, respectively, of the entire region, while the constrained plots were masked out. The implemented and proposed wells fields within the underway national rural development project extend over agriculturally suitable pixels affirming the validity of the developed geospatial model. About 1.5 million ha, representing 7.2% of the undeveloped area, were found to be highly suitable for future expansion of agribusiness activities. The generated priority map will assist the decision-makers in the planning procedures for ongoing reclamation activities throughout Egypt.

Implementing the nature's contributions framework: A case study based on farm typologies in small-scale agroecosystems from the Mexico highlands

IntroductionIntegrating the heterogeneity of small-scale agriculture with the regulation, material, and non-material contributions is key to complementing the rural-support policy instruments. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the diversity of agricultural types of management in small-scale maize agroecosystems and discuss their implications for nature's contributions in the region of Valles Altos, México.MethodsThe methodology was conducted by constructing an agricultural management typology with multivariate statistical analysis for 112 small plots interviews. The operationalization of regulation, material, and non-material nature's contributions was based on the definition and counting of cultural elements from agronomic management for each class of contribution.ResultsThe results indicate three different types of agricultural management defined mainly by the type of seed, the destination of harvest, and the type of tillage. This management diversity is guided by farmers' motivation to achieve food self-sufficiency or generate income from grain sales. Each management type has a unique provision of regulation, material, and no material contributions defined by the use of the native seed, use of stover, and management diversification.DiscussionThe integration of farm typology methods and nature's contributions framework reveals that it is critical to establish new incentives that include the biological and cultural diversity of agroecosystems and the individual motivations of farmers. This may help conserve the natural and cultural values of agriculture and design appropriate incentives for small-scale agriculture.

Agriculture Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Land Subsidence Area in Yogyakarta Special Province

The Special Region of Yogyakarta Province is one of the regions where the agricultural sector serves as a significant source of income. Due to the development of the region in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, several districts have experienced a decline in agricultural land due to land conversion for residential purposes. The ability of an area to achieve food self -sufficiency or meet its own food needs can be assessed through Land Carrying Capacity (DDL) and food availability. This analysis of Land Carrying Capacity for Agriculture and Food Availability employs a quantitative descriptive method. The land carrying capacity in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in 2022 indicates that all districts/cities have a DDL value of <1. This implies that the districts/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province cannot achieve food self-sufficiency and cannot adequately meet the population’s food needs.

Major Maize Diseases in Ethiopia and their Management

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most abundantly produced cereal in the world. It is one of the most popular crops grown in the world, ranking second to wheat and used as a staple food in the tropics. It is the most versatile crop, adaptable to different agro-ecological and climatic conditions. Maize is among the leading cereal crops selected to achieve food self-sufficiency in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, maize is the staple food and one of the main sources of calories, particularly in the major maizeproducing regions of the country. The major constraints to maize production in the country include both abiotic and biotic factors, such as droughts, nutrient deficiencies, weeds, diseases, and insect pests. Among the biotic stresses, diseases are one of the most important limiting factors in maize production. Diseases such as common rust, maize lethal necrosis, gray leaf spot, and turcicum leaf blight diseases are the major constraints in realizing the potential yield loss of this crop. Even though these diseases are the major problems for the crop, there are some disease management options are Using disease resistant cultivars, crop rotation, using fungicides and planting disease free plants are the best methods.

Evaluation of Delbo Small Scale Irrigation Scheme Performance Southern, Ethiopia

Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region have launched a number of small-scale irrigation projects to help farmers achieve food self-sufficiency. However, because their systems' performances have not been assessed, it is unknown what level of performance they are capable of. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Delbo small-scale irrigation system in southern Ethiopia. The result revealed that, the output per cultivated hectare was between 7668.96 and 31585.36 birr/ha, and the output per season's unit command area ranged between 5560 and 21583.33 birr/ha. The irrigation supply output per unit ranges between 1.0 and 3.32 birr/m3. The relative water supply (RWS) and irrigation water supply (RIS) were 2.03 and 2.75, respectively. This indicated that irrigation water was not in limited supply, and more water was diverted to the Delbo irrigation facilities. The average application efficiency of the chosen farmer's field was 53.3%, storage efficiency was 61.73%, distribution uniformity was 75.58%, and conveyance efficiency was 73.4%. Field I was more effective than Field II in terms of irrigation water management, while Field III was the least effective. One issue that must be addressed to ensure the sustainability of the schemes is to increase the management abilities of the users in order to improve the scheme's water use.

Food Security in Bangladesh: Concerns and Remedies

Bangladesh is a densely populated nation where a significant proportion of people live below the poverty line. Yet it has garnered a great deal of international attention over the past decade due to its remarkable achievements in increasing agricultural productivity, achieving food self-sufficiency, and ensuring sustainable food security for its large population. The primary task for the government is to ensure food security. During the past decade, the government has launched free food distribution, food-friendly programs, open market sales, and test alleviation programs as part of its food security program. In addition, projects based on digital technology have been implemented to enhance the monitoring and data management capabilities of the Ministry of Food. As a result, food accessibility and usage have increased. But the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have generated a food crisis due to a lack of food accessibility, stability, and proper utilization. This study seeks to identify and assess the threats to food security in Bangladesh by identifying the significant challenges and promising areas for future development.

Peran Komando Kewilayahan Dalam Membantu Pemerintah Daerah Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan (Studi Kampung Moibaken Dan Kampung Suneri Di Kabupaten Biak Numfor)

AbstractThis research was conducted in Biak Numfor Regency with the title Implementation of the role of regional command in assisting local governments and its implications for resilience with a focus on Moibaken and Suneri Villages, Biak Numfor Regency. The method used in this research is to use descriptive research with a qualitative approach that aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the role of the Regional Command in assisting local governments and its implications for food Resilience in Moibaken Village and Suneri Village, Biak Numfor Regency.observation), in-depth interviews, documentation,and library studies covering the role of regional commandos aimed at assisting local governments. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the role of the Regional Command in assisting local governments and its implications for food Resilience has not run optimally. to farmers. as a regulator, a regulation is needed that regulates food Resilience. Then as a dynamist in its role it needs to be optimized by efforts to mobilize all existing units or form a post on food Resilience which is not just a guide as has been so far, so that with experience and togetherness the soldiers can take quick steps and actions to achieve food self-sufficiency. The strategies carried out by the Government and the Regional Command in Biak Numfor Regency in improving food Resilience are 1) socialization, this seems not yet optimal. 2) supervision and control, showing that the role of the Regional Command in supervision is good, but in controlling it is not optimal. 3) Education. shows that his role as an educator has not gone well because it is due to a lack of coordination with the government and farmers, 4) coordination, this shows that it is not optimal, this is due to a lack of communication made to farmers to increase awareness of the importance of food Resilience by paying attention to aspects of production agriculture, human resources, and agricultural innovation

Urban agriculture and policy: Mitigating urban negative externalities

Agriculture and urban agglomerations can be combined in different perspectives, including building-integrated food production. Indeed, urban agriculture is less concerned with helping urban communities achieve food self-sufficiency and more concerned with strengthening urban inhabitants differently. "Different" signifies multifunctional forms of access to fresh and nutritious vegetables, food bill reduction, personal well-being, and user-friendly agriculture from socioeconomic perspectives. The study estimated willingness to pay and the value of socioeconomic benefits of urban agriculture practices. A choice experiment was performed in Colombo, Sri Lanka's most urbanized district in 2020. The data were estimated using the random parameter logit model. Positive and significant contributions to urban agriculture related to the utility of urban agriculture practitioners and non-practitioners were evident. The socioeconomic value of urban agriculture benefits generated is equivalent to USD 136,400 per community practices urban agriculture. Urban agriculture thus reveals its vitality as a tool for mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization. The research advocates Colombo municipality to actively encourage urban agriculture by including it in their planning policies.