Achievements Of Natural Sciences Research Articles

Between Biology and Culture. Polish Reflections on the Concept of Race in the Nineteenth Century

In the nineteenth century, the Polish reflection on race and derivative terms was strongly influenced by the Western thought. New achievements and terminology in the field of natural sciences were adopted. Gradually, there was a change of look at peoples, their origin and diversity. In the Enlightenment, while hierarchizing humankind, its biological variety was emphasized. The Romanticism focused on human culture and spirituality. The Positivism, in turn, based on the achievements of natural sciences, saw the basis for evaluation of human groups in biological criteria. The state of contemporary ideas and knowledge favoured the formulation of various racial theories, which also had their own political context. The analysis of Polish sources made it possible to show the specificity of the domestic view in this field. It was often critical, but also approving the division of humankind into lower and higher races. This resulted from the adoption of a Eurocentric point of view. Historiosophy, seeking factors determining a historical role of a given race, also contributed to the search for differences between the white nations of Europe.

«Godel’s Undecidable Proposition» and the Problems of Machine Readable Law

The relevance of machine readable law, the significance of which is confirmed by both the general trend and the need to consider law in the context of the development of information technologies, and the adoption of significant legal acts, including the Concept of the Development of machine readable law technologies, implies the need to form an appropriate theoretical basis and develop methodological support for relevant processes. The general problem of the «methodological insufficiency» of ensuring the processes of digital transformation of law, as well as the relevance of the development of machine reading technologies of law, predetermine the need to address, among other things, the results and achievements of natural science knowledge.The paper analyzes the correctness of the transfer of K.Godel’s conclusions in their gnoseological (epistemological) context to the legal field. Considering law as an object of machine reading in the context of «Godel’s undecidable proposition» and based on Godel’s conclusion about the inability of the system to describe itself by its own means (to prove its consistency), the author concludes that the «supra-legal» basis is culture, and law itself is seen in the system hierarchy: culture--law--legislation.It is proposed to consider the machine reading of law in the context of a semiotic paradigm, based on the widest possible coverage of sign systems reflecting the diversity of regulatory systems, and not limited only to religion, morality, ethics, law and legislation, but referring to culture as a «mega-source of a sign set» reflecting a whole complex of regulatory systems. Based on the analysis of K. Godel’s conclusions, as well as the principles of «complementarity» by N. Bohr and «uncertainty» by V. Heisenberg in their gnoseological (epistemological) aspect, a number of conclusions are drawn. These can be significant both for the methodological basis of machine reading of law and the law and for the problems of legal understanding and legal perception in general. In particular, it is concluded that of high importance is the topic of the transformation of scientific disputes on theories of legal understanding into the process of complementarity of such theories in order to achieve a state of their constructive contradiction (contradictority).

Short information about the history of translation theory

This article is devoted to the history of translation. There were given some information about the history of translation is closely connected with the history of culture, art, and literature. A nation cannot develop in its own room. It grows by learning and developing the achievements and experiences of other nations. It is known that the cradle of world civilization goes to the East. When Alexander the Macedonian conquered the East, there was a renaissance of antiquity in Greece, absorbing the achievements of natural sciences in India, the experiences of ancient Iranian culture, and reciprocating the successes of Western science and culture.

Effect of Concept Cartoons on Kindergarten Pupils’ Numeracy and Science Performance in Sagnarigu-Tamale, Ghana

This study sought to establish the effect of Concept Cartoons on Kindergarten Pupils’ Numeracy and Science Performance at a demonstration primary school in Sagnarigu-Tamale, Ghana using the experimental research design. The population of the study was 100 KG-2 A and B Pupils in the school. A purposive sampling technique was used to select an intact class of 58 pupils that had difficulty in participation and performance in natural science and numeracy. A pre-test was conducted to determine the initial performance of pupils before the intervention that was done through teaching with the support of the concept cartoons. The analysis of the first two objectives involved mean scores and standard deviation. Pre-test and post-test scores were analysed to address the two objectives. The study established that the use of concept cartoons significantly improved the pupils’ achievement in natural science and numeracy lessons. Therefore, the use of concept cartoons as a teaching aid is a powerful approach to improve the performance of pupils in sciences and numeracy. The study recommended that teachers of sciences and numeracy in early primary education ought to use the concept cartoon approach in order to improve the performance of pupils in the su

Развитие на хипотезите за биохимичния произход на живота

Analyzes the main positions and critiques of leading hypotheses about the biochemical origin of life as a result of new achievements in natural sciences and technologies. Compares their basic characteristics in respect to proposed geochemical conditions and argued consequences of biochemical processes. Gives description of the last common universal common ancestor of all living things – LUCA.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Strategi Generatif Di Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted due to the four grade student`s low learning achievement at SDN 17 Manggis Ganting Kota Bukittinggi. The aim of this research was to describe the improvement of the student`s learning achievement in Natural Science by using generatif strategy in the four grade of SDN 17 Manggis Ganting Kota Bukittinggi. This was a classroom action research which applied qualitative and quantitative approaches. The result of the research indicated that the student`s learning achievement improved from 74 in the first cycle into 81,65 in the second cycle. Hence, the use of generatif strategy could improve the student’s learning achievement in Natural Science in the four grade of SDN 17 Manggis Ganting Kota Bukittinggi.

Statystyka w archeologii, czyli dlaczego nie trzeba bać się liczb

Statystyka w archeologii, czyli dlaczego nie trzeba bać się liczb

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОСНОВ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЯ

Based on theoretical and experimental research on the problems of education reform in the context of humanitarization of education, the authors elaborate and present a model of educational technology used to reform the activities in humanitarization of educational process, to create a flexible effective system at secondary school with the focus on teaching natural science disciplines. The theoretical study shows that humanization and humanitarization of education as a holistic system does not have a mechanism to implement social and pedagogical technologies and does not have a driver to realize this educational concept. This fact led to the development of educational technology aimed to form the basics of social worldview. The authors offer possible solutions for the problem by uncovering the pedagogic potential of natural sciences’ disciplines in forming the basic social determinants, namely, social competence and social intelligence of the students of secondary school. The main methods used are: the method of philosophical and subject expansion of natural sciences’ disciplines as a resource to form and develop social intelligence in the context of humanitarization of natural sciences, and statistical analysis to process the quantitative results of the pedagogical experiment. The development of a model of the author's technology is based on ecological approach to the research and design of educational environments. The methods of organizing educational technology that form the foundations of social worldview and paradigm of social thinking in modern conditions of scientific and technical progress are presented. The experimental data show that the organization of educational process of the secondary school students (7–11 forms) according to the model of social and pedagogical technology provides the increase of the level of quality of educational activity that satisfies the educational demand and meets the requirements of Federal Educational Standards of Russian Federation are present in the work. The authors considered the achievements of natural sciences from the point of view of the search for a public ideal. They made recommendations on the application of new scientific approaches, on the introduction of new interpretations, concepts of physical and natural-scientific outlooks. The developed educational technology contributes to the change of thinking paradigm, addressing the problem of authentic understanding of the world. This socio-pedagogical technology contributes to the creation of interdisciplinary interaction and interpenetration of the scientific and humanitarian understanding of the world within the framework of the modern concept of natural sciences.

Between Philosophy and Self-Reflection

The article aims at highlighting the uniqueness of thinking and academic activity of Donatas Sauka, who for many years was a professor at the Department of Lithuanian Literature of Vilnius University. The article reveals his scholarly ambitions – broad interests, good knowledge of classic Western literature, and an attempt to keep the achievements of natural sciences on the horizon of humanities. However, he harboured artistic and poetic inclinations in his nature; he has translated a number of classical texts required for his research. The philological interests of the professor were permeated by self-reflection. Comparative literature science was his field of research – even though his other interests also competed for his attention, he analysed methodological issues, different scopes of national literatures and paradoxes of literary analysis. He also raised an essential question for comparison – from what and how are clusters of literary identity formed; how they are related to the mental history and language of a nation; how creative incentives are formed and how they operate.

In memory of Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (on the 170th anniversary of his birth)

The main years of the life and scientific creativity of I.P. Pavlova. Illuminated little-known facts from the life of a scientist. It is noted that IP Pavlov is one of the most prominent representatives of modern natural science, the creator of the materialistic theory of higher nervous activity of humans and animals, the founder of the largest physiological school of modernity and new approaches and methods of research in physiology. Pavlov I.P, studied many topical problems of physiology and medicine, but his most systematic and thorough research relates to the physiology of the circulatory and digestive systems, as well as the higher parts of the central nervous system: they are rightfully considered classic, which opened new pages in the relevant sections of physiology and medicine. New and valuable were the results of his research also on individual issues of the physiology of the endocrine system, comparative physiology, physiology of labor and pharmacology. Being deeply convinced that “for a natural scientist, everything is in a method,” IP Pavlov elaborated and introduced the practice of physiological research into the method of a chronic experiment, based on the need for a multilateral and detailed study of the body’s functions in natural conditions, in inseparable communication and interaction with the environment. This method brought the physiology out of the impasse created by a one-sided, analytical method of acute vivisection experiment that prevailed for a long time. Used in the early works of Pavlov on the physiology of blood circulation, the method of chronic experiment was elevated to the rank of a new scientific experimental principle in basic research on the physiology of digestion and then perfected when studying the functions of the higher parts of the central nervous system. Pavlov I.P comprehensively researched and studied the dynamics of the secretory process of the gastric and salivary glands, pancreatic glands, the work of the liver in the use of food of different quality, proved their ability to adapt to the nature of the causative agents of secretion. Created by Pavlov’s theory of higher nervous activity is one of the greatest achievements of natural science in the 20th century. It is a system of the most reliable, complete, accurate and deep knowledge of brain functions and is of great practical importance for medicine, psychology, pedagogy, and scientific organization of complex labor processes.

Elements of IYPT2019

Abstract The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements has without any doubt developed to one of the most significant achievements in natural sciences. The Table (or System, as called in some languages) is capturing the essence, not only of chemistry, but also of other science areas, like physics, geology, astronomy and biology. The Periodic Table is to be seen as a very special and unique tool, which allows chemists and other scientists to predict the appearance and properties of matter on earth and even in other parts of our the universe.

Effects of applying a VR‐based two‐tier test strategy to promote elementary students’ learning performance in a Geology class

AbstractScience and technology are driving people’s life changes, including education and the environment. Many scholars have attempted to import technology into the classroom to help students learn in different subjects. However, students often need assistance with unfamiliar learning approaches and learning environments. This study proposed a non‐immersive virtual reality (VR) guidance system combined with a two‐tier strategy to help students learn geology knowledge. Two groups of students used different learning approaches: the experimental group students were guided by the two‐tier test VR guidance system, and the control group students learned with the conventional VR guidance system. According to the experimental result, the two‐tier test VR guidance system not only improved the students’ learning achievement in natural science, but also enhanced their learning motivation. In addition, according to the sequential results, we found that VR learning materials or environmental resources can help students answer questions and solve problems more effectively.

Wyjątkowy status człowieka w przyrodzie? Nauki ewolucyjne a chrześcijańska antropologia

The article discusses the problem of the christian concept of the human person in theological and philosophical context, and with reference to evolutionary sciences. It was pointed out that the naturalistic evolutionism undermines the most important assumptions (especially thesis proclaiming the unique status of human in nature), which is based on christian anthropology. In this paper it was also an attempt to justify that philosophical reflection can be important in the analysis of problems located between science and religion (among others the issue of the origin, nature and destiny of man). The question about new type of christian philosophy is a challenge in theology, which will be obliged – because of the changing image of the world and man – to modify its foundations, rooted mainly in the Thomistic metaphysics so far. Besides, in the context of issues relating to the meaning of human life it indicates that there is a need to develop such a philosophy, which is based on the achievements of natural science, and would be in dialogue with the contemporary humanities.

Improvement of Science Learning Outcomes With Problem Based Learning Method: Class Action Research Study

This research was conducted due to fifth grade studen’s low learning achievement at SD Negeri 10 Sapiran Bukittinggi. The aim of this research was to describe the improvement of the student’s learning achievement in Natural Scince by using Problem Based Learning (PBL) strategy in the fifth grade of SD Negeri 10 Sapiran Bukittinggi. This was a classroom action researchwhich applied qualitative and quantitative approaches.the resultof the research indicated that thestudent’slearning achievement improved from 78,01in the first cycle into 93,22 in the second cycle. Hence, the use of PBL strategy could improve the students learning achievement in Natural Science in the fifth grade of SD Negeri 10 Sapiran Bukittinggi.

IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE LEARNING BY APPLYING THE PROCESS SKILL APPROACH IN BASIC SCHOOL

This research was derived from the facts indicating that the fourth grade students� learning achievement at SD Negeri 05 2x11 Enam Lingkung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman was still low. The purpose of this research was to describe the improvement of the students� learning achievement in natural science by using Process Skill Approach in the fourth grade of SD Negeri 05 2x11 Enam Lingkung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The number of the subject was 20 students. This was a Classroom Action Research which applied both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results of the research showed that the students� learning achievement improved from 76,75 in the firs cycle to 86, 75 in the second cycle. Hence, the us of Process Skill Approach could improve the fourth grade students� learning achievement at SD Negeri 05 2x11 Enam Lingkung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

The Hard Problem of Consciousness in the Light of Onto-Gnoseological Uncertainty

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to show that the paradigm of viewing the ‘hard problem’ of consciousness in analytic philosophy makes it a pseudo-problem rather than a ‘hard problem’. The objectives of this research included showing the reasons for the authors’ thesis, demonstrating the irreducibility of consciousness as a special layer of reality, and proposing a way to overcome these difficulties. Design/methodology/approach: In this article, the ‘hard problem’ of consciousness is viewed from the standpoints of the transcendental-phenomenological and dialectical approaches and is analyzed through the prism of the principle of onto-gnoseological uncertainty. Findings: It is shown that the way of formulating the ‘hard problem’ in the analytical philosophical tradition inevitably makes it a pseudo-problem. At the same time, with the consistent realization of the principle of onto-gnoseological uncertainty, the antinomy of solutions to the problems of consciousness is eliminated, which opens up a way to a productive solution of problems related to the interpretation of consciousness both in natural sciences and in philosophy. Originality/value : This research reveals the methodological potential of applying the principle of onto-gnoseological uncertainty to the problems that arise in modern philosophy in connection with the achievements of natural sciences.

Studying Natural Science in Elementary School Using NOS-Oriented Cooperative Learning Model with the NHT Type

Elementary school students’ achievement in natural science in the academic year of 2015/2016 at Cluster V, Buleleng regency, Bali province was considerably low. An early observation also revealed low motivation, negative attitudes towards teachers, low self-esteem and low confidence in self-capability. Therefore, a breakthrough approach was urgently required to improve the students' performance in natural science learning. The current article aimed at investigating the effects of the (Nature of Science) NOS-oriented cooperative learning model with the Numbered Head Together (NHT) on the elementary school students’ achievement in natural science. The study was a quasi-experimental research adopting the post-test only control group design. The research conducted in elementary schools in Cluster V Buleleng sub-district, Buleleng regency, Bali, Indonesia. The research subject was 137 students in Grade 5 consisting of six classes from 5 elementary schools. The hypothesis was examined using an inferential statistics, the t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the learning results of natural science between the students taught with the NOS-oriented cooperative learning model with the NHT type and those with the conventional learning model (t count = 7,048 >t table = 2,000). The students taught with the NOS-oriented constructive learning model with the NHT type achieved better than those with the conventional learning model. Therefore, it concluded that the NOS-oriented cooperative learning model with the NHT type gave positive effects on the fifth year students’ achievement in natural science learning.

О роли и значении достижений естествознания в области изучения цвета и света для произведений искусства и художественного образования

О роли и значении достижений естествознания в области изучения цвета и света для произведений искусства и художественного образования

Despertar de las vocaciones científicas, desafíos y oportunidades

La mejora de logros de aprendizajes en ciencias naturales es una materia pendiente en Latinoamérica. Más del 80 % de los estudiantes de 15 países investigados no han superado las pruebas de ciencias naturales en los cinco ejes temáticos analizados; salud, seres vivos, ambiente, tierra y el sistema solar, materia y energía, así como tampoco, se aplica el pensamiento crítico como un mecanismo para resolver problemas de contextos cotidianos.El estilo de enseñanza que tiene cada docente es un rasgo individual que lo caracteriza de forma estable y general. Tomando esta premisa, y a la luz de varias investigaciones, se puede afirmar que la enseñanza de las ciencias en el sistema escolar de Paraguay, se desarrolla bajo un modelo tradicional.A la luz de los nuevos desafíos del siglo XXI es necesario robustecer el curriculum de formación docente para una educación en ciencias de calidad, relevante y sustantiva.

Contextual Learning: Innovative Approach towards the Development of Students’ Scientific Attitude and Natural Science Performance

This study is specifically designed to measure the effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on the students’ scientific attitude and achievement in Natural Science among Junior school students in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This quasi experiment involved some 215 Form VII students from three public schools, segregated based on their existing cognitive abilities. The CTL materials was developed by applying RANGKA strategy. Overall, the findings revealed that there is significant difference exist across experimental groups in terms of students’ achievement. However, there is no significant difference in terms of scientific attitude. These findings contribute significant implications for the enhancement of scientific thinking skills among various students’ capabilities and different categories of school. Contextual teaching strategy is found appropriate in achieving the above dimensions in heterogeneous schools. This is due to the fact that the RANGKA contextual learning strategy as developed in this study focuses on the right way for students to learn.