Achievement Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Spatial Spillover Impact of Sectoral Government Expenditure on Poverty Alleviation in South Kalimantan Province

Poverty is still one of the forefront issues in developing countries. It could hamper the achievement ofsustainable development goals, thereby triggering a recurring call on the government's role in mitigatingpoverty. This paper contributed to the debate on the role of sectoral government spending under thefiscal decentralization policy to combat poverty. Using a case study in South Kalimantan Province, weemployed a spatial panel data analysis covering 13 districts from 2010-2020. This study investigated thepresence of spatial dependency on poverty and the spatial spillover impact of government expenditure—education, health, housing, public facilities, and social protection—on poverty. The research found theexistence of spatial autocorrelation on poverty and the significant high-cluster poverty in the agriculture-based region. The direct estimation from the Spatial Durbin Model uncovered that governmentexpenditure on education, health, and social protection significantly alleviated poverty, while housing andpublic facilities expenditure remained insignificant in reducing the poverty rate. Besides, educationspending also has a significant indirect effect on poverty, indicating the spatial spillover impact ofeducation spending by the neighbors on poverty in a region.

Green maritime practices in an emerging economy towards the achievement of sustainable development: a Ghanaian context

PurposeThe objective to achieve economic growth and sustainable development (SD) within the maritime industry has ever since been the ultimate goal of the International Maritime Organization and its stakeholders. Coupled with this effect, the United Nations organization has also mandated all its bodies to adopt sustainable working policies and practices towards the achievement of SD in its 2030 Agenda. From the standpoint of an emerging economy, this study aims to examine green maritime practices adopted by maritime authorities towards the achievement of SD in the maritime industry of Ghana. The proposed conceptual model of this study supports the natural resource-based view theory advocated by Hart (1995).Design/methodology/approachThe dataset of this study was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 635 valid responses were received as feedback which were tested and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling. The rationale for the adoption of this analytical tool is its resilient ability to handle a relatively small quantity of datasets. It is also suitable for empirical studies involving model development and at the early stage of theory development.FindingsThe findings of the study are as follows; firstly, quality maritime education and training directly and significantly influence green maritime transport (GMT), clean ocean and maritime resource conservation (COMRC), green port operations and services (GPOS), SD and waste management and treatment systems (WMTS). Secondly, GMT, COMRC, GPOS and WMTS have a direct significant influence on SD. Lastly, GMT, COMRC, GPOS and WMTS partially mediate the relationship between quality maritime education and training and SD.Practical implicationsThis study proposes a conceptual model that attempts to explain to maritime authorities and stakeholders that although the adoption of green maritime practices significantly influences SD, yet, it may be insufficient without quality maritime education and training provided to maritime professionals. Hence, emphasizing that all maritime personnel receive quality maritime education and training to enhance the long-term achievement of SD in the maritime industry. It also attempts to prove and suggest to maritime authorities how they can collectively integrate both onshore and offshore green maritime practices to achieve SD.Originality/valueThe originality of this study shows in testing a conceptual model that affirms that, achieving SD in the maritime industry is dependent on quality maritime education and training received by maritime personnel, hence, demonstrating the significant role of maritime training institutions towards the maritime industry and the achievement of SD.

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES CHALLENGES OF GREEN INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0

The extensive adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the carbon footprint on a large scale across the globe. To handle this challenge, scholars and policymakers are making efforts to propose novel energy-efficient solutions to provide a desirable environment for green-IoT (G-IoT). Additionally, further research is required to analyze the G-IoT-related challenges to elucidate the difficulties of its implementation for researchers. Moreover, the GIoT requirements have been considered in different network levels, namely software, hardware, architecture, communication. To present a comprehensive framework to identify the challenges of G-IoT, a survey using literature review and expert’s opinion is carried. Total 23 challenges are taken to evaluate and implement G-IoT technologies towards sustainable development achievements (SDA). Consequently, this article aims to rank and evaluate the challenges to implement the G-IoT towards the SDA. An integrated approach is proposed with stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) under Pythagorean fuzzy sets. As a result, an machine-to-machine (M2M) standardization protocol with a weight value of 0.0508 has the first rank, followed by adaptation to natural energy sources with a weight value of 0.0479, information security and privacy protection with a weight value of 0.0469, and internet protocol version-6 (IPv6) for low-end devices with weight 0.0467. To validate the proposed method, sensitivity analysis and comparison using existing methods have been conducted.

Sustainable Development: A Soft Law Concept Transforming SD-Oriented Initiatives of the UN System into Hard Law Instruments in UN Member-states and Promoting Partnerships Around the Globe

This study examines the subject-matter of Sustainable Development (SD) as a soft law concept, which is transforming SD-oriented initiatives of the UN and beyond into hard law instruments in sovereign states of the world, which are UN member-states. It demonstrates that in the process, SD-oriented initiatives, which are increasingly being backed by law in sovereign states, are promoting and enhancing partnerships towards SD in the nooks and crannies of these states. Its aim is to underscore the significance of ongoing global efforts, which are designed to promote the achievement of SD, and how the private sector, peoples, communities, countries, regions and entire global community are taking advantage of the fruits of these ongoing efforts to enter into or consummate various forms of SD-oriented partnership relationships. The study thus exemplifies various forms of partnerships being arrived at in the global march towards SD, as these arrangements go beyond those which are entered into on the platform of the UN, to many more which, consequent upon the continuing UN Conferences aimed at fostering and enhancing SD, are being entered into between and among many domestic and international entities, such as between and among local communities, the private sector, such as multinational companies (MNCs), and relevant institutions and agencies of host governments, as well as bilateral, regional and other international groups and oganisations. These include partnerships between and among entities of the Global South-South and the Global North-South, as well as Public Private Sector Partnerships (PPSPs) between host governments of developing countries, advanced countries, developmental agencies of advanced countries and MNCs, for various forms of development and SD plans, policies and programmes (including projects (PPPs) in developing countries. While underscoring the significant, key, compelling and inevitable roles of public sector governance, especially Government Social Responsibility (GSR), embedded in good, transparent, accountable and responsible political leadership [good governance: GG]), the study advocates and recommends the need for more and more SD-oriented partnership arrangements around the world, in the course of ongoing global efforts to promote and achieve SD, so as to secure the wellbeing of humans and overall nature, towards a fairer, kinder, more just, sustainable and peaceful existence on Planet Earth. Keywords: Sustainable Development (SD); Business Sustainability; Government Social Responsibility (GSR); Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); SD-oriented Partnerships; Plans, Policies and Programmes (including Projects (PPPs); Public Private Sector Partnerships (PPSPs); Stockholm, Rio, Johannesburg and Rio (SRJR) Process; Good Governance (GG); Wellbeing; and Planet Earth. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/94-06 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Technological Progress, Spatial Competition and Industrial Location: Estimation and Predictions of Cement Industry in Northwest China

This study estimates a theoretical multi-region industrial location model by adopting real statistics to investigate the intuition of shaping spatial pattern of economic activities in a case of cement industry in Northwest China. Based on the estimation of key parameters, we simulate the impact of technological progress on variation of location. We find that, given trade cost, with technological progress, operating cost decreases, it is profitable for firms to expand sale range. In long term, technological progress would induce server spatial competition and promote further spatial concentration of industry. Original areas with larger market and fine industrial base are still main agglomerations, while original peripheral areas are further to a downward trend, and parts of original areas located next to hot pot areas have become peripheries. Our study on influence of technological progress on industrial location confirms the importance of investigation on intuition of spatial pattern of economic activities. Technological progress is essentially achievement of sustainable development. However, neglecting substantial spatial competition induced by technology improvement turns against spatial allocation of resources. Hence, optimal location of industries is one of important factors to ensure sustainable development.

Greenhouse gases reduction through waste management in Croatia

The climate change policy is one of the key factors in the achievement of sustainable development in the Republic of Croatia. Control and mitigation of greenhouse gases is correlated with all economy activities. Waste management is one of the main tasks of environmental protection in Croatia. The Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Croatia and the Waste Management Plan in the Republic of Croatia define the concept of waste management hierarchy and direct and indirect measures as criteria for sustainable waste management establishment. The main constituent of this system is avoiding and minimizing waste, as well as increasing the recycling and recovery level of waste and landfill gas, which also represent greenhouse gases mitigation measures. The Waste Management Plan consists of several direct and indirect measures for greenhouse gases emission reduction and their implementation also affects the greenhouse gases emissions. The contribution of the methane emission from landfills amounts to about 2% of the total greenhouse gases emissions in Croatia. The climate change control and mitigation measures as an integral part of waste management sector strategies represent the measures of achieving the national objectives towards greenhouse gases emission reduction which Croatia has accepted in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol.