Achievement Of National Goals Research Articles

Портрет регионального министра здравоохранения – 2023.

The heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection are key figures in the implementation of the health care development strategy of the Russian Federation. The effective management of the healthcare system, as well as the achievement of national goals and target indicators of federal projects, requires highly qualified managerial staff. The annual study of the level of knowledge, skills, work experience and professional skills of regional ministers makes it possible to update information on the human resource potential of the top managers of regional health care systems, assess the changes and timely develop measures aimed at its improvement. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in human resource potential of the heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection of the Russian Federation in 2021–2023. Materials and methods. A single-stage, continuous sociological study was planned and conducted using a questionnaire developed by the experts of the Institute, which allows to assess changes in such characteristics as: age and gender composition of respondents, the level of higher and additional education, the professional competencies, and length of service in managerial positions. Results. We achieved a response from 86 respondents. It was found that during the last three years, there has been a significant decrease in the rate of rotation of the heads of regional health protection systems with a simultaneous increase in the level of their professional qualifications. The revealed trends are reflected in the growth of the average length of service as a regional minister (2021–2.1+1.9 years, 2022–2.3+2.5 years, 2023–2.9+2.2 years), 3,5 reduction in the number of respondents in the group with a length of service as a regional minister up to one year, an increase in the proportion of managers with professional qualification «Health Care Organization and Public Health». Conclusions. The study allowed to identify the key trends and changes that have occurred over the past three years in terms of the qualitative characteristics of the managerial human resource potential of regional health care systems in the Russian Federation. The heads of regional executive authorities in the sphere of health protection represent the most important resource of the field. Consistent and reliable decrease in the rotation of regional health care system managers is reflected in the growth of their professional skills, knowledge and experience, which allows to achieve the national goals in healthcare set by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation.

ПЕРВИЧНОЕ ЗВЕНО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ – ИСТОРИЯ, ЭТАПЫ, МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ

Annotation: The article provides an overview of the main guidance documents and literature sources on the process of providing primary health care to residents of the Russian Federation. The historical background of the formation of the processes providing primary care is given, revealing the interdependence of measures in the field of healthcare reform, the introduction of new norms and rules for the provision of services to the population within the framework of primary health care. Primary health care is the foundation of the entire process of providing medical care, which includes measures for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of diseases and conditions, medical rehabilitation, monitoring the course of pregnancy, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and sanitary and hygienic education of the population. It is the position and condition of the primary health care system that largely determine the health indicators of the nation, the level of satisfaction of the population and, as a result, reflect the results of the functioning of the medical industry as a whole. Along with a significant contribution to the health of each person, the primary link, as a rule, is the place of “first contact” with the healthcare system, forming the opinion of our citizens about the industry as a whole and the possibility of exercising their constitutional rights to receive medical care. A strong primary link prolongs a “healthy” life, reduces mortality, and forms people’s commitment to a healthy lifestyle. On the basis of the historically established situation of primary health care in Russia (changes in the structure of demographic indicators, economic and social conditions), a line of problematic and urgent issues in the provision of medical care in the structure of primary health care is traced — depreciation of fixed assets of polyclinic and hospital buildings, dilapidated or, often, the lack of necessary medical equipment; lack of motor transport in district hospitals, including paramedic-obstetric centers and outpatient clinics providing medical care to the rural population; the problem of staffing and wages of employees of medical organizations that do not meet demand. As a result of the above, there is a need to find new systemic approaches to addressing issues of accessibility and improving the quality of primary health care, the development of new organizational and functional models of primary care, which as a result should lead to an increase in life expectancy and the achievement of national goals.

THE LEGAL TRADITION IN INDONESIA: FINDING THE MIDDLE WAY

Community life continues to develop dynamically. Along with that, various demands emerged to make various changes towards the achievement of national goals. Changes to the framework of the national legal system that was built on the basis of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The direction of development must take into account the plurality of society without limiting rights and giving respect to the implementation of the law without overriding other legal interests. The context of a pluralistic Indonesian society develops along with the dynamics and development of society, both socio-culturally and politically. This article discusses the legal tradition that grows and takes root in Indonesia. This article is a normative research, which is conducting a literature study or secondary data to collect data through documentation from various articles, books, and other sources that discuss legal traditions in Indonesia. The finding of this article is that legal practices that develop in Indonesia are customary law, Islamic law, and Continental Europe. In the development of national law through the “middle way” as a principle of compromise against legal traditions that influence and attract each other, taking into account the philosophical, sociological, and juridical. In essence, legal practice refers to welfare and benefit considerations: “maintaining old traditions that are still relevant, building new, better traditions.” What this article has in common with others is that it discusses legal traditions, while the difference is that this article analyzes the development of legal practice in Indonesia from various perspectives and approaches to religious values so as to create a just legal concept.

Государство и местное самоуправление: как обеспечить новый уровень взаимодействия?

Serious problems which occurred in setting the strategic planning system and the difficulties in the implementation of national projects and in the achievement of national goals, make us think how effective the functioning of the “vertical” of public power in the Russian Federation is, and in particular, how closely its state and municipal components interact. In this context a lot of scientific papers appeared which carried the idea that due to a number of reasons, both of legal and economic nature, there is still no sufficient close interaction of state and municipal administrative bodies. The paper shows that the absence of such clear interaction leads to inadequate efficiency in the use of target and project methods of solving key problems, appearing in the regions of the country and in particular, municipalities. The article analyses the reasons for such a situation, which are connected with the gaps in legislative regulation, especially in part, which is connected with the positioning of local public self-government in the “vertical of executive power”, specifying their powers, their economic basis, as well as the regulation frames and control by government authorities. The purpose of the article is to identify the new principles and mechanisms of interaction of the state and local public self-government, which at present must be written into fundamental laws of this direction of government policy. The novelty of this task is determined by the fact that almost for the first time the range of issues is analyzed on a “crossing” of such novelties as amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, transfer to the system of strategic planning and an increased emphasis on the strengthening of civil society foundations in local self-government.

Implementation of National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) of the Nawacita Program in Improving Good Governance

The Nawacita program, which is contained in National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), must be supported and realized by local governments, both Provinces and Cities / Regencies, since Nawacita is a national agenda for a more advanced, just and prosperous Indonesia. All policies issued by the Central Government must be supported by the Regional Government in implementing its vision and mission, must be able to go hand in hand with the Nawacita program to achieve national goals. The appropriate method used for this research is descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Cianjur Regency is a regency in West Java province and not too far from Jakarta as the capital and centre of Indonesian government. To implement the Nawacita program in Cianjur Regency, local governments are obliged to optimize the performance of institutions, all government processes are intended to serve all interested parties and good governance should bridge different interests for the development and achievement of national goals.

Priority National Projects as a Tool of Social, Economic and Political Modernization of Old Industrial Regions of the South of Russia

Introduction. In the current political process in Russia, national projects occupy an important place, working as one of the main tools for the achievement of national goals. The projects are usually made more specific at the regional level of administration and include the strategic goal of regional development, the amount of resources allocated for their achievement, as well as the responsibility of the officials for their use. The article examines the impact of implementing national projects of the “first wave” (from 2006–2010 to 2018) and the first results of the projects of the “second wave” (designed for 2019–2024) on solving the problems of effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced development of old industrial regions of Southern Russia – Volgograd and Rostov regions. The problems of this study are justified by the expansion of using program-targeted methods in the organizational environment of regional management, what implies the need to assess the compliance of the results achieved during the implementation of projects with the goals of state regional policy. Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the provisions of the concept of sustainable development, as well as the system paradigm of G.B. Kleiner devoted to the need for the interconnected development of the object, environment and control subsystems. In the study of the effectiveness of national projects and their impact on the balanced development of old industrial regions of the South of Russia, the effective approach and the comparative analysis method were used. Analysis. The study shows that the degree of involvement of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in implementing program activities of national projects is determined by the volumes of regional budgets, as well as the priorities facing a region. From the standpoint of sustainability and balance of regional development, there is a disagreement in the processes of modernization changes in the subsystems of the object, environment and management, what leads to the underutilization of the resource potential of the regions in the achievement of national goals. Results. The priorities of goal setting in Volgograd and Rostov regions in the implementation of national projects are studied. The feedbacks of the regional system to the measures mentioned in national projects, as well as limiting factors for the achievement of their objectives are identified. The idea of the coordinated development of the object, environment and management subsystems of a region for the effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced regional development is substantiated. It is concluded that the administration and management of modern national projects is not so much a managerial task but rather a political one, and therefore their implementation implies the solution of such political goals as carefulness in setting goals and choosing priorities, building effective mechanisms of the interaction between federal and regional authorities, and also with local target population.

Аудит реализации национальных целей

The article discusses the issues of control over the expenditure of funds in the implementation of national goals. The author refers to the documents that regulate this area of activity, connects their main provisions with public administration, shows how the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation participates in the audit of budget expenditures and thereby contributes to the sustainable development of the country, the formation of effective public administration systems. In 2019, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation analyzed the progress of 8 of 13 national projects and identified significant risks that affect the achievement of the planned results. The audit results indicate systemic management weaknesses. Based on the analysis, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation offered the Government of the Russian Federation to transform the internal financial audit of chief administrators of budget funds into an internal audit of the activities of state bodies. Regarding the main goal-setting of the internal audit, it is proposed to determine the tasks of analyzing the achievement of goals and assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of budget funds. The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation has proposed to the Government of the Russian Federation to transform the internal financial audit of chief administrators of budget funds into an internal audit of the activities of state bodies. The author emphasizes that only an effective multi-level audit system will not only raise the implementation of national projects to the proper level, but also make a significant contribution to the achievement of the country's sustainable development goals. Combining the efforts of all interested parties will allow us to adequately meet the challenges of the time and ensure high-quality achievement of national goals set by the President of the Russian Federation.

Условия и инструменты обеспечения эффективного финконтроля достижения национальных целей и реализации нацпроектов

The effective implementation of national projects and the achievement of national goals requires both the coherence and synchronization of actions of government bodies and organizations at all levels, as well as ensuring close monitoring of the efficient use of budget funds. In this case, the main emphasis should be placed on risk assessment and preliminary control, i.e. prophylaxis and prevention of possible violations. The article discusses the issues of increasing the effectiveness of financial control while achieving the national development goals of the Russian Federation through the use of modern methods and tools of control, as well as the features of the organization and implementation of this process at the regional level. The author analyzes the conditions created in the city of Moscow for the effective implementation of control and supervision activities. The high importance of digitalization and automation of control processes is noted to ensure constant and comprehensive monitoring of budget expenditures. It is concluded that the main task of control and supervision bodies is to assist the executive in implementing state programs and national goals, and their achievement should become a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control and oversight bodies.

Национальные проекты – качественно новый уровень ответственности государства

The article reveals the approaches of the Russian Treasury to solving the problem of operational management of risks arising during the budget cycle, the most important parameters that affect the efficiency of the financial and budgetary system, by introducing information technologies in the activities of Control and Supervisory bodies. We are talking about increasing the degree of automation of control processes and increasing the level of openness of the government in the implementation of national projects, including those related to the creation of capital construction projects. The topic of functioning of the state integrated information system for public finance management ‘Electronic budget’, through which citizens can track the results of the state’s activities on federal and regional projects, is discussed in detail. As an effective tool for tracking control points of national (federal, regional) projects, it is proposed to introduce a unique identifier for the project result. It is important to create risk profiles for each individual project, for which the Russian Treasury, together with Rosfinmonitoring, has developed a mechanism for information interaction that allows identifying unscrupulous performers of state contracts. We are talking about the need for a risk-based approach to control, in which control and supervisory authorities can remotely analyze the object of control and coordinate their control and supervisory activities with other authorized bodies. An important condition for the sustainable development of the state is the solution of the problem of monitoring the achievement of national goals with minimal costs, without excessive pressure on the controlled environment.

Goals and objectives of the state competition policy and competition law at the present stage

The achievement of national goals is inextricably linked to the development of competition provided by state competition policy and competition law. Dialectics of interrelation of national projects, state policy on development of competition and competition law is capable to provide achievement of the national purposes directed on complex development of social and economic relations in interests of society and the state.

اسلامی قیادت کے بنیادی اصول، سیرت نبویﷺکی روشنی میں

In Islamic perspective leadership is a great feature and most important quality for achievement of national goals. Therefore, all kinds of national and organizational success are based up on quality of good leadership. Every group, society, organization, state and even the world at large need good leadership who can lead their supporters and followers and organizations towards successful physical and spiritual growth and development . It is also a fact that leadership is God gifted thing but we can enhance ability for eldership. Leadership should not be confused with the role of only those who make headlines but in essence almost everyone have sometimes somewhere, somehow played a leading role. It is also a historical fact that the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was granted all kind of leadership and He established some important principles of Islamic leadership which are necessary to follow them for successful leadership. These principles are foundation of great achievements which are led by the Holy Prophet ﷺ. It is also observed that the Islamic Leadership principles practiced by the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and subsequently by his Caliphs and pious followers which if practiced will provide success principles equally useful both for Muslims and for non-Muslims minorities both in an Islamic state and society. In this paper the efforts are made to elaborate the guiding principles of Islamic leadership in the light of the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Self-proclaimed diplomats: Catalan-Lithuanian cooperation during WWI

The topic of international cooperation between national movements before the end of World War I (WWI) has still not received sufficient scholarly attention. It is common for national historiographies to concentrate on the case of their own nation. When it comes to international relations, however, connections with neighboring nations and national movements - chief adversaries in the achievement of national goals - are usually prioritized. Nevertheless, even before and especially during the war there was a vibrant scene where non-dominant nationalities could practice international diplomacy, conduct discussions, share experiences, build coalitions, and so on. This article explores one of such examples of international relations conducted between the representatives of two nations - the Catalans and the Lithuanians. They came in contact before the war at the Paris-basedUnion des Nationalités(the Union of Nationalities), an organization that was designed to unite and support non-dominant national movements. Despite being located on the opposite sides of Europe and having no apparent direct connections, the Lithuanians and the Catalans established common ground for cooperation, which especially peaked during WWI.

A Vison for the Role of Community Colleges in the Profession of Public Health

The missions of public health and community colleges bind them intimately to their service areas. Programs delivered by both members are influenced by the health and educational needs in the communities they serve. This alignment of missions supports a vision for greater cross-sectoral collaborations between public health and community colleges to advance improvements in health and education. Doing so has mutual benefits for both sectors while also supporting the achievement of national goals. A particular area ripe for exploration is on strengthening the public health workforce through the expansion of U.S. community college offerings in this discipline. Enhanced public health workforce skills increase the probability of achieving population health improvement goals of the Affordable Care Act as well as for strengthening community capacity so urgently needed to stimulate thriving communities across the United States.

Application of strategic planning for extension and development of agricultural production cooperatives in Iran

There is no doubt that in today’s world establishment of cooperatives is an effective way of attracting people’s involvement at macro level. The agricultural sector is so extensive that achievement of national goals and high levels of development is practically unattainable without active participation by farmers. Provision of a combination of agricultural functional requirements by cooperatives would lead to enhancement of the standard of living of their members. Rural production cooperatives, also known as agricultural cooperatives, are defined as a modern construct with their own specific organization and management. Cooperatives incorporate their own ruling principles, structures, networks, rules, regulations, and bylaws. These features provide concrete benefits in the process of agricultural development. This paper aims to review the activities of rural agricultural production cooperatives in Iran and propose a strategic planning approach for development and institutionalization of their operations. This qualitative research was conducted in Iran using case study and purposeful sampling method. The proposed strategies for promotion of production cooperatives include: provision of support in terms of financial credits, organizational and management expertise, technical know-how and technology, equipment and training, empowerment of members aimed at transforming them into successful farm managers, promotion of team work among members, and extraction of appropriate information and practical advice from research data provided by contemporary investigations. In conclusion, it is proposed that establishment of cooperatives alongside other issues should be considered by policy makers and local leaders and representatives trusted by farmers be involved in their implementation. Key words: Production cooperative, strategic planning, cooperation, strategy, participation.

The Crisis of Governance: Government Instability andthe Civil Service

The governance capacity of Israeli governments has diminished throughout the years. A variety of large-scale projects have not materialized. Although policy design and long-term planning have progressed fairly well, the same cannot be said for policy implementation. Israel's governments and the civil service continue to face obstacles that hinder the achievement of national goals. The main thesis presented in this article is that government instability coupled with the highly centralized public bureaucracy are the main factors that hinder the capacity to govern. In the next sections we first discuss the problem of inability to govern, and then present the theoretical framework that guides the analysis. Two groups of indicators, for political instability and administrative effectiveness, are used to analyze the complexity of the problem. Subsequent empirical analysis demonstrates the impact of the various indicators on governance crisis. By way of conclusion, several recommendations are advanced to enhance effective governance in Israel.

The Implementation of Strategic Export Controls in Canada

This article describes the institutional characteristics of Canada's export controls system and assesses its impact on business firms. The authors examine whether or not unnecessary constraints are imposed on the activities of business firms, i.e., constraints that do not contribute to the achievement of national goals. The results of a survey conducted amongst Canadian firms demonstrate that a number of unnecessary constraints currently result from the Canadian export controls system. The use of export controls in Canada is compared with the sytem prevailing in the United States. The main conclusion of this comparison is that the exogenous nature of the Canadian export control system leads to high uncertainty for the affected firms. Policy recommendations are presented that would allow the reduction or elimination of unnecessary constraints on business.

Coal And Canada's Industrial Strategy

Introduction NEITHER the federal government nor Canadian industry has enunciated an over-all industrial strategy for the nation - and there may never be such a statement, because it is virtually impossible in practical terms and because there are many who say that such action would be most objectionable in our free-enterprise system. However, there are many dynamic industrial subsystems and inter-relationships in Canada which, collectively, could be said to represent an over-all industrial strategy, working toward the achievement of national goals. This concept immediately raises the question of what goals. In turn, this question is at the root of some of Canada's fundamental problems. On one hand, the nation's free-enterprise system is dynamic and ever-changing. This dynamism derives from industry's continuing efforts to do things better and at less cost within the context of a constantly changing environment, in the generation of wealth. On the other hand, it appears that the general view of Canada's governments today, unlike during the post World War II era, is that continued economic growth deserves much less emphasis than does equality of income. Government concerns now seem to be:increasing attention to income distribution rather than to income creation;increased regionalism and provincialism, both in outlook and in policy initiatives;recognition of Canada's high vulnerability to the international economic environment;increasing reliance on ail hoc and piecemeal policy responses to deal with transitory or short-term political concerns. The problem is simply that governmental objectives, while laudable in humanistic terms, appear more and more to ignore or run counter to the production of the wealth which they are so keen to distribute for the greatest good of the greatest number. All of the above has a direct bearing on Canada's coal and its future role as an energy source for all other industry. The coal industry itself is an increasingly important producer of wealth for Canada. It is also an important producer of energy and hydrocarbons, and must be relied upon to a dramatically larger extent to provide a significant share of Canada's needs for decades to come. These needs must be met to enable Canada's other industrial sectors to carry out their own strategies, and to enable the people to continue to live and work in acceptable ways. Canadian Coal in the World Context Coal represents the largest resource of fossil energy in the, world, estimated as 11 million million tons, with a present resource-to-demand ratio of 3760 Technology, October-December. 1977, Montreal years. Coal resources which are classified as reserves amount to about 1.9 million million tons, and correspond to a reserve-to-demand ratio of 500 years. The, reserves which are now considered recoverable are given as 0.5 million million tons with a reserve-to-demand ratio of 200 years. This last ratio refers to immediately economic recovery; the 1974 World Energy Conference predicted that ratios of this kind will remain stable for several decades, as new economic reserves are generated.

TOWARD EQUALITY OF URBAN OPPORTUNITY

Abstract Freedom of movement is basic to the achievement of national goals in housing, civil rights, education, and the elimination of poverty. As a goal of urban planning, it implies extending a wide variety of residential choices to all groups. Yet urban development policies in many cities and suburbs tend to restrict residential choices available to the poor and to minorities. These policies result in pan from competition for local tax resources, which reinforces social prejudices. Several approaches are suggested for reorienting local development policies in support of national social objectives.