Uptake Of Acetic Acid Research Articles

Probing the Deoxyflavonoid Biosynthesis: Naringenin Chalcone Is a Substrate for the Reductase Synthesizing Isoliquiritigenin.

Isoliquiritigenin formation is a key reaction during deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by two enzymes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and reductase (CHR). The substrates for CHS are established. However, the substrate for CHR is unknown. In this study, an in vitro reaction was performed to confirm whether naringenin chalcone can be a substrate. Naringenin chalcone was used as a substrate during the CHR reaction. Analyzing the product revealed that isoliquiritigenin was produced from naringenin chalcone, indicating that naringenin chalcone is a substrate. This study is the first to identify a substrate for CHR, reveals that deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis diverges from naringenin chalcone, endorses the term "chalcone reductase," and answers the long-standing questions about doubly-labeled acetic acid uptake pattern in deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis.

Influence of super-optimal light intensity on the acetic acid uptake and microalgal growth in mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana in bubble-column photobioreactors

This study seeks to determine the influence of super-optimal light intensity on acetic acid uptake and its associated impact on the cellular composition of Chlorella sorokiniana in a semi-batch mixotrophic cultivation setup. Unicellular green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana is grown in a 1L bubble-column photobioreactor at light intensities from 6000 to 14,000 lx (≈81 to 189 µmol.photons.m−2.s−1). We find that microalgal acetic acid utilization reduces as illumination increases from an optimal 10,000 lx (≈135 µmol.photons.m−2.s−1) to a super-optimal zone (>10000 lx). This lowers microalgal growth (2.75 g/L) and acetic acid intake, which peak at 6 mL/L (10000 lx) and drop to 2 and 1 mL/L at 12,000 and 14,000 lx, respectively. Concurrently, the maximum lipid yield decreases from 0.66 g/L (10000 lx) to 0.54 g/L (12000 lx) and 0.42 g/L (14000 lx). Hence, super-optimal illumination not only disturbs phototrophy but also affects the heterotrophic component, creating an imbalance between the two.

Uptake and reactivity of acetic acid on Gobi dust and mineral surrogates: A source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere?

The uptake of acetic acid (AcA) on natural Gobi dust is studied at room temperature and in the relative humidity range (<0.01–95% RH) using zero air as bath gas. The experiments were carried out in a U-shaped reactor coupled to a Selected-Ion Flow-Tube Mass Spectrometer (SIFT-MS) for gas-phase monitoring. The initial uptake coefficient, γ0, of AcA is found to decrease with RH according to the following expression γ0=γdry−(1.3×10−8)RH0.42, indicating a competition between AcA and water molecules for the same adsorption sites. AcA can be adsorbed both reversibly and irriversibly on Gobi dust. Interestingly, we evidenced that AcA uptake is reactive, especially at high levels of relative humidity (>30%) leading to the formation of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), such as methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. This is the first experimental study reporting the reactivity of AcA on natural mineral dust under ambient temperature and dark conditions. To unravel the kinetics, the uptake behavior, and reactivity of AcA on Gobi we also investigate the uptake of AcA on various mineral surogates SiO2, Al2O3, CaCO3, TiO2, Fe3O4. The results of the current study demonstrate the interest of studying heterogeneous processes at typical atmospheric levels of RH. Moreover we estimate that under atmospherically-relevant conditions, around 4% of the adsorbed AcA leads to OVOCs formation pointing at an unexplored but significant atmospheric process.

Intention of Women of Reproductive Age Participation on the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Uptake

Background: The biggest problem in preventing cervical cancer depends on the compliance of women of childbearing age in carrying out a Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (Via) examination, while obedient behavior will arise if there is a strong and consistent intention. Analyzing the effect of intention as a mediating variable between attitude, subjective norm and behavioral control on the behavior of VIA examination participation in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 women of childbearing age who were married in the working area of ​​the Pesantren I Public Health Center, Kediri City. The independent variables (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control), and the dependent variable (behavior), and the mediating variable (intentions). The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The questionnaire in this study was divided into two parts, the first part consisted of demographic details of the respondents and the second part related to the research variables. The analysis technique in this study uses path analysis. Results: This study shows that attitudes, subjective norms, and control behavior do not have a direct influence on behavior, but have an indirect influence with intention as a mediating variable. Conclusion: This study shows that attitudes, subjective norms, and control behavior do not have a direct influence on behavior, but have an indirect influence with intention as a mediating variable, this is in accordance with the behavioral constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. This means that the influence of Intention as a mediating variable between Attitude, Subjective Norm and Behavioral Control on the Behavior of VIA examination participation in women of childbearing age has been proven true. Keywords: theory of planned behavior, visual inspection of acetic acid, women of childbearing. Correspondence: Devy Putri Nursanti, Institute of Health Sciences Strada Indonesia, Jl. Manila 37, Sumberece Kota Kediri, E-mail: devyputri12@gmail.com, Phone: +62 812-5909-6664.

Ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway involved in polyhydroxyvalerate synthesis in Candidatus Contendobacter

Here a stable glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) system was operated by anaerobic–aerobic mode in the sequencing batch reactor. We focused on the metabolic mechanisms of PHAs storage from GAOs. Our system showed the classic characteristic of glycogen accumulating metabolism (GAM). Glycogen consumption was followed by acetic acid uptake to synthesize poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) during the anaerobic period, and glycogen was synthesized by PHAs degradation in the aerobic stage. Microbial community structure indicated that Candidatus Contendobacter was the most prevalent GAOs. We found that the ethylmalonyl-CoA (EMC) pathway was the crucial pathway supplying the core substance propionyl-CoA for poly-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) synthesis in Candidatus Contendobacter. All genes in EMC pathway were mainly located in Candidatus Contendobacter by gene source analysis. The key genes expression of EMC pathway increased with Candidatus Contendobacter enrichment, further validating that propionyl-CoA was synthesized by Candidatus Contendobacter predominantly via EMC pathway. Our work revealed the novel mechanisms underlying PHV synthesis through EMC pathway and further improved the intercellular storage metabolism of GAOs.

Highly specific fluorescent probes toward acetic acid via structural transformation of zinc complexes

Acetic acid probes based on Zinc complexes with high stability and selectivity were successfully prepared by reacting the H2tBuCarPy ligand with ZnBr2, which exhibit reversible vapor-chromism during the uptake and release of acetic acid.

The Role of Sch9 and the V-ATPase in the Adaptation Response to Acetic Acid and the Consequences for Growth and Chronological Lifespan.

Studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that non-physiologically high levels of acetic acid promote cellular acidification, chronological aging, and programmed cell death. In the current study, we compared the cellular lipid composition, acetic acid uptake, intracellular pH, growth, and chronological lifespan of wild-type cells and mutants lacking the protein kinase Sch9 and/or a functional V-ATPase when grown in medium supplemented with different acetic acid concentrations. Our data show that strains lacking the V-ATPase are especially more susceptible to growth arrest in the presence of high acetic acid concentrations, which is due to a slower adaptation to the acid stress. These V-ATPase mutants also displayed changes in lipid homeostasis, including alterations in their membrane lipid composition that influences the acetic acid diffusion rate and changes in sphingolipid metabolism and the sphingolipid rheostat, which is known to regulate stress tolerance and longevity of yeast cells. However, we provide evidence that the supplementation of 20 mM acetic acid has a cytoprotective and presumable hormesis effect that extends the longevity of all strains tested, including the V-ATPase compromised mutants. We also demonstrate that the long-lived sch9Δ strain itself secretes significant amounts of acetic acid during stationary phase, which in addition to its enhanced accumulation of storage lipids may underlie its increased lifespan.

Molecular-dynamics-simulation-guided membrane engineering allows the increase of membrane fatty acid chain length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The use of lignocellulosic-based fermentation media will be a necessary part of the transition to a circular bio-economy. These media contain many inhibitors to microbial growth, including acetic acid. Under industrially relevant conditions, acetic acid enters the cell predominantly through passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. The lipid composition of the membrane determines the rate of uptake of acetic acid, and thicker, more rigid membranes impede passive diffusion. We hypothesized that the elongation of glycerophospholipid fatty acids would lead to thicker and more rigid membranes, reducing the influx of acetic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to predict the changes in membrane properties. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana genes fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 (GPAT5) increased the average fatty acid chain length. However, this did not lead to a reduction in the net uptake rate of acetic acid. Despite successful strain engineering, the net uptake rate of acetic acid did not decrease. We suggest that changes in the relative abundance of certain membrane lipid headgroups could mitigate the effect of longer fatty acid chains, resulting in a higher net uptake rate of acetic acid.

New insights into the acetate uptake transporter (AceTr) family: Unveiling amino acid residues critical for specificity and activity

Aiming at improving the transport of biotechnologically relevant carboxylic acids in engineered microbial cell factories, the focus of this work was to study plasma membrane transporters belonging to the Acetate Uptake Transporter (AceTr) family. Ato1 and SatP, members of this family from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, respectively, are the main acetate transporters in these species. The analysis of conserved amino acid residues within AceTr family members combined with the study of Ato1 3D model based on SatP, was the rationale for selection of site-directed mutagenesis targets. The library of Ato1-GFP mutant alleles was functionally analysed in the S. cerevisiae IMX1000 strain which shows residual growth in all carboxylic acids tested. A gain of function phenotype was found for mutations in the residues F98 and L219 located at the central constrictive site of the pore, enabling cells to grow on lactic and on succinic acid. This phenotype was associated with an increased transport activity for these substrates. A dominant negative acetic acid hypersensitivity was induced in S. cerevisiae cells expressing the E144A mutant, which was associated with an increased acetic acid uptake. By utilizing computer-assisted 3D-modelling tools we highlight structural features that explain the acquired traits found in the analysed Ato1 mutants. Additionally, we achieved the proper expression of the Escherichia coli SatP, a homologue of Ato1, in S. cerevisiae. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report of a fully functional bacterial plasma membrane transporter protein in yeast cells.

Utilization of food waste-derived volatile fatty acids for production of edible Rhizopus oligosporus fungal biomass

Rhizopus oligosporus is an edible filamentous fungus that can contribute to meet the growing demand for single-cell protein. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are favorable potential substrates for producing R. oligosporus biomass due to their capacity to be synthesized from a wide range of low-value organic solid wastes via anaerobic digestion. The goal of this work was to cultivate R. oligosporus using food waste-derived VFAs as the sole carbon source. To maintain the requisite low substrate concentrations, the fed-batch cultivation technique was applied. This resulted in a four-fold improvement in biomass production relative to standard batch cultivation. Maximum biomass yield of 0.21 ± 0.01 g dry biomass/g VFAs COD eq. consumed, containing 39.28 ± 1.54% crude protein, was obtained. In the bubble-column bioreactors, the complete uptake of acetic acid was observed, while the consumptions of caproic and butyric acids reached up to 97.64% and 26.13%, respectively.

Heterogeneous Uptake of Formic Acid and Acetic Acid on Mineral Dust and Coal Fly Ash

The heterogeneous uptake of formic acid and acetic acid on mineral dust and coal fly ash was investigated using Knudsen cell reactor over the temperature range from 263 to 298 K. The uptake of form...

Contextual Effect of Community Health Center on Visual Inspection Acetic Acid Uptake in Magelang, Central Java: A Multilevel Analysis

Background: Cervical cancer is a major prob­lem in women's. Cervical cancer can be prevented by early examinations i.e. visual inspection acetic acid (VIA). This study aimed to analyze the contex­tual effect of community health center on VIA up­take in Magelang, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was analytic obser­­­­vational study with cross-sectional design. The stu­dy was conducted at 25 community health cen­­­­­ters in Magelang, Central Java, from Sep­tem­ber to October 2019. A to­tal sample of 200 women aged 30 to 50 years was selected ran­domly. The dependent variable was VIA uptake. The independent variables were knowledge, ob­ser­­­vational lear­ning, behavioral reinforcement, cues for action, access to information, family sup­port, attitude, self-efficacy, outcome expec­tation, and contextual factor of community health cen­ter. The data were collected by ques­tion­naire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic reg­res­sion run on Stata 13. Results: VIA uptake increased with good know­ledge (b= 4.02; 95% CI= 0.61 to 7.42; p= 0.021), obser­­vational learning (b= 2.28; 95% CI= -0.35 to 4.93; p= 0.090), strong behavioral rein­force­ment (b= 4.11; 95% CI= 0.82 to 7.40; p= 0.014), strong cues to action (b= 5.36; 95% CI= 0.65 to 10.07; p= 0.026), good access to information (b= 3.71; 95% CI= 0.42 to 7.01; p= 0.027), strong family support (b= 4.23; 95% CI= 0.21 to 8.25; p= 0.039), positive attitude (b= 3.29; 95% CI= -0.23 to 6.81; p= 0.067), strong self-efficacy (b= 2.94; 95% CI= 0.10 to 5.78; p= 0.042), and strong outcome expectation (b= 3.39; 95% CI= 0.35 to 6.44; p= 0.029). Community health cen­ter had strong contextual effect on VIA uptake with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 23%. Conclusion: VIA uptake increases with good know­ledge, observational learning, strong beha­vi­o­ral rein­forcement, strong cues to action, good access to information, strong family support, posi­tive attitude, strong self-efficacy, and strong out­come expectation. The community health center has a strong contextual effect on VIA uptake. Keywords: visual inspection acetic acid, social cognitive theory, multilevel analysis Correspondence: Herlina Ika Martaningrum, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Su­tami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indo­nesia. Email: herlinaika21@gmail.com. Mobile: 085643528156 Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(2): 129-140 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.02.02

Stress-induced assays for polyphosphate quantification by uncoupling acetic acid uptake and anaerobic phosphorus release

Phosphorus has been successfully eliminated from wastewater by biological techniques of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, which relies on a specific microbiota of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that accumulate phosphate as polyphosphates (poly-P). Most methods for quantification of poly-P pools suffer from low accuracy and specificity. More powerful and implementable P-analysis tools are required for poly-P quantification, which will help in improved evaluation of processes in laboratory and full-scale EBPR systems. This study developed two methods to quantify poly-P pools by releasing the poly-P from the cell. During experimental optimization, it was observed that two different methods resulted in the highest phosphate release: acetate addition at a pH of 4.8 and exposure to EDTA solution with a concentration of 1% (w/v). Treatment with EDTA resulted in a higher amount of phosphate release from all sludge samples. This was characterized by P-release of 1.5–2.5 times higher than the control tests. In contrast, treatments with acetate addition at a low pH exhibited that P-release depended upon the types of the sludge samples. The highest P-release amount and rate were found in highly-enriched PAO sludge samples, but with fewer influences on the sludge collected from WWTP, which may be attributed to the lower fraction of PAOs in the sludge. Overall, the proposed approaches to quantify the poly-P concentration can be applied in simple, user-friendly, and cost-effective ways.

Acetic acid uptake rate controls H2 production in Chlamydomonas-bacteria co-cultures

Photobiological hydrogen production by green microalgae is considered as a promising alternative for renewable biofuel production. We have evaluated hydrogen production in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in co-cultures with different bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Rhizobium etli cultured in acetate-containing nutrient-replete media at three different light intensities (12, 50 and 100 PPFD). Co-culturing Pseudomonas spp. with Chlamydomonas can significantly improve algal hydrogen production, especially at moderate to high light intensities (50–100 PPFD). Enhancement of hydrogen production in co-cultures was clearly related to the lower capacity of these co-cultures to consume the acetic acid from the media. The longer the acetic acid remained in the media, the longer the cultures were able to sustain hypoxia and support hydrogen production.

The Effect of Community Health Center on Visual Acetic Acid Uptake in Pati, Central Java

Background: Cervical cancer is included in the category of malignant tumors that arise in the cervix of women. The incidence of cervical cancer is high due to lack of awareness to make efforts to examine early detection of cervical cancer by using the visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of community health center on the use of VIA. Subjects dan Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. was The study was conducted at 29 community health centers in Pati, Central Java. A sample of 232 women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was VIA uptake. The independent variable were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, cues to action, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, economic status, and social capital. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Result: Community health center had a contextual effect on VIA uptake with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 16.91%. VIA uptake increased with high perceived susceptibility (b= 3.21; 95% CI= 0.22 to 6.19; p = 0.035), high perceived seriousness (b= 4.68; 95% CI= 1.06 to 8.29; p= 0.011), high perceived threat (b= 4.03; 95% CI= 0.61 to 7.45; p= 0.021), high perceived barrier (b= 2.48; 95% CI= 0.06 to 4.91; p= 0.044), high perceived benefit (b= 2.50; 95% CI= 0.10 to 4.91; p= 0.041), and high economic status (b= 11.22; 95% CI= 3.64 to 18.81; p= 0.004). VIA uptake decreased with low cues to action (b= -0.92; 95% CI= -3.08 to 1.24; p= 0.405), low self-efficacy (b= -0.32; 95% CI= -2.45 to 1.80; p= 0.765), and low social capital (b= 0.79; 95% CI= 3.64 to 18.81; p= 0.562). Conclusion: Community health center had a contextual effect on VIA uptake. VIA uptake increases with high perceived susceptibility, high perceived seriousness, high perceived threat, high perceived barrier, high perceived benefit, and high economic status. VIA uptake decreases with low cues to action, low self-efficacy, and low social capital. Keywords : Community Community health center, Acetic Acid Visual Inspection. Correspondence: Retno Wulan. Masters Program of Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, JL. Ir.Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Jawa, Indonesia. E-mail: wuland.cimmutzz12@gmail.com. Mobile: 0857­4096­9271. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(3): 189-197 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.03.04

Acetic acid is an oxidative stressor in gastric cancer cells.

Acetic acid can cause cellular injury. We previously reported that acetic acid induces cancer cell-selective death in rat gastric cells. However, the mechanism is unclear. Generally, cancer cells are more sensitive to reactive oxygen species than normal cells. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer cell-selective death by acetic acid using normal gastric mucosal cells and cancerous gastric mucosal cells. The cancer cell-selective death was induced at the concentration of 2–5 µM acetic acid. Cancerous gastric mucosal cells had increased expression of monocarboxylic transporter 1 and high uptake of acetic acid, compared to normal gastric mucosal cells. The exposure of cancerous gastric mucosal cells to acetic acid enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and expression of monocarboxylic transporter 1, and induced apoptosis. In contrast, acetic acid showed minor effects in normal gastric mucosal cells. These results indicate that acetic acid induced cancer cell-selective death in gastric cells through a mechanism involving oxidative stress.

Heterogeneous Reactions of Acetic Acid with Oxide Surfaces: Effects of Mineralogy and Relative Humidity.

We have investigated the heterogeneous uptake of gaseous acetic acid on different oxides including γ-Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO under a range of relative humidity conditions. Under dry conditions, the uptake of acetic acid leads to the formation of both acetate and molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on γ-Al2O3 and CaO and only molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on SiO2. More importantly, under the conditions of this study, dimers are the major form for molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on all three particle surfaces investigated, even at low acetic acid pressures under which monomers are the dominant species in the gas phase. We have also determined saturation surface coverages for acetic acid adsorption on these three oxides under dry conditions as well as Langmuir adsorption constants in some cases. Kinetic analysis shows that the reaction rate of acetic acid increases by a factor of 3-5 for γ-Al2O3 when relative humidity increases from 0% to 15%, whereas for SiO2 particles, acetic acid and water are found to compete for surface adsorption sites.

Sorption and diffusion studies with low molecular weight organic compounds in cementitious systems

The uptake of methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acid by cement paste was determined in hydrating cement after 1 h, 28 d and 390 d hydration. The sorption values determined for formate and acetate were critically assessed by investigating through- and out-diffusion of these compounds in fully hydrated cement paste and their uptake by individual cement phases. Diffusion studies included inverse modelling of four data sets for each compound and an uncertainty analysis based on a Latin hypercube sampling procedure. Solid–liquid distribution ratios determined from the hydration experiments are on the order of 10−4 m3 kg−1 in the case of alcohols and aldehydes indicating non-specific (very weak) bonding onto the surface of the cement phases, e.g. through hydrogen bonding. Hydration and diffusion studies reveal slightly higher distribution ratios and reversible uptake by cement paste and cement phases in the case of acetate indicating specific adsorption (electrostatic interaction) onto partially positively charged surface sites of the cement phases. Selective binding of a small fraction of formate is evidenced from both sorption and out-diffusion experiments suggesting the presence of sorption sites capable of strongly bonding the anion, presumably by SO42−/HCOO− replacement in the ettringite structure.

Confocal imaging of carbon dioxide laser-ablated basal cell carcinomas: An ex-vivo study on the uptake of contrast agent and ablation parameters.

Laser ablation can be an effective treatment for the minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). However, the lack of histological confirmation after ablation results in high variability of recurrence rates and has been a limitation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging, combined with a contrast agent, may detect the presence (or absence) of residual BCC tumors directly on the patient and thus provide noninvasive histology-like feedback to guide ablation. The goal of this ex vivo bench-top study was to determine affective ablation parameters (fluence, number of passes) for a CO2 laser that will allow both removal of BCCs and control of the underlying thermal coagulation zone in post-ablated tissue to enable uptake of contrast agent and RCM imaging. We used 72 discarded fresh normal skin specimens and frozen BCC tumor specimens to characterize the depth of ablation and to evaluate uptake of contrast agent and image quality. Acetic acid was used to enhance nuclear brightness ("acetowhitening") during imaging pre- and post-ablation. Histology sections of the post-ablated imaged surface were visually examined for the appearance of nuclear and dermal morphology and compared to the RCM images. Results for 1-3 passes of 5.5 J/cm(2), 6.5 and 7.5 J/cm(2), and 1-2 passes of 8.5 J/cm(2) showed the uptake of acetic acid for contrast and RCM imaging of the presence and absence of residual BCC tumors in post-ablated tissue. Morphologic details in the images were validated by the histology. The use of effective ablation parameters may enable RCM imaging to guide ablation.

Real‐Time DNP NMR Observations of Acetic Acid Uptake, Intracellular Acidification, and of Consequences for Glycolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast

Uptake and upshot in vivo: Straightforward methods that permit the real-time observation of organic acid influx, intracellular acidification, and concomitant effects on cellular-reaction networks are crucial for improved bioprocess monitoring and control. Herein, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR is used to observe acetate influx, ensuing intracellular acidification and the metabolic consequences on alcoholic fermentation and glycolysis in living cells.