Mixtures Of Acetamide Research Articles

Eutectic electrolytes with leveling effects achieving high depth-of-discharge of rechargeable zinc batteries

Non-compact zinc (Zn) electrodeposition prevents homogeneous Zn dissolution and irreversibly depletes active Zn sources, which possess major hurdles to the practical realization of deep cycling Zn batteries. Although anionic surfactants are widely used as leveling additives to induce uniform Zn coating in Zn electroplating industry, their applications in rechargeable Zn batteries are restricted due to their readily precipitation in divalent Zn2+ electrolytes and continuous loss during long-term cycling. Herein, we report a newly designed eutectic electrolyte with an anionic surfactant, zinc dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Zn(DBS)2) as Zn salt in a mixture of acetamide and water. Due to the high binding energy of amphiphilic DBS− with Zn2+, DBS− enters the primary solvation shell of Zn2+, which slows down the kinetics of Zn2+ electroreduction and alleviates the concentration polarization. Consequently, uniform and compact Zn deposition with shiny metallic appearance can be achieved, which enables cycling of Zn anodes with a cumulative capacity of ∼600 mAh cm−2 at 50% depth of discharge and represents a 23-fold enhancement compared to the analogue Zn(TFSI)2-based electrolyte. This electrolyte also allows the operation of a Zn//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell under the harsh conditions of limited Zn supply (N/P ratio of 2) with 79.7% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF A SOLUTION RANGE ON THE POSSIBILITY OF CHLOROGENIC ACID EXTRACTION FROM SUNFLOWER MEAL

The materials of the article consider the issue of fats oxidation and the negative impact of this phenomenon on the quality of fat-containing food and the human body in general. The control method of oxidation processes and their effects with antioxidants is described and the main antioxidant composition of sunflower seed meal is presented as a promising raw material for the production of compounds - antioxidants. Methods of extraction of chlorogenic acid from the plant matrix, which include various variants of physical action using ultrasound and ultrahigh frequency generators, methods using organic solvents and water-alcohol solutions, as well as subcritical water, are also considered. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages, the direction for further research with the use of solvent extractives was chosen. After studying and analyzing the properties of chlorogenic acid as the main phenolic compound of sunflower seed meal, a range of extractants was selected. In the process of research, the effectiveness of a number of selected solvents has been determined for the extraction ability of chlorogenic acid. Several extractant selected that showed the most effective: acetamide 100%, 5% solution of acetamide in an aqueous 80% ethanol solution, 80% ethanolic aqueous solution, and a mixture of acetamide and ethyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 80% in the ratio 30:70. Taking into account the cost of solvents and the ease of conducting research, an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol with a concentration of 80% was chosen as the optimum extractan.

Densities and viscosities of, and NH3 solubilities in deep eutectic solvents composed of ethylamine hydrochloride and acetamide

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a novel class of green solvents with promising application in gas separation. The physical properties of, and gas solubilities in DESs are fundamental data for industrial process design. In this work, the densities and viscosities of ethylamine hydrochloride (EaCl) plus acetamide (AA) mixtures were determined in the temperature range of (313.2–353.2) K. The density data and viscosity data were fitted to a linear equation and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation respectively. Furthermore, the solubilities of NH3 in EaCl + AA mixtures were determined in the temperature range of (313.2–353.2) K and pressure range of (0–300.0) kPa. It is found that the isothermal profiles for NH3 absorption slightly deviate from ideal type, probably due to the strong hydrogen-bond interaction between NH3 and EaCl. The solubilities of NH3 in EaCl + AA mixtures are fairly good, with the value of 3.84 mol·kg−1 at 313.2 K and 96.4 kPa for EaCl + AA (1:1). The solubility data were fitted to the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation to calculate the Henry’s constants of NH3 in EaCl + AA mixtures. With the Henry’s constants at different temperatures, the thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy changes, Gibbs free energy changes and entropy changes for NH3 absorption in EaCl + AA mixtures were also estimated.

Dynamics in Acetamide+LiNO3 Deep Eutectic Solvents

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composite mixtures which have freezing point lesser than that of their individual components. A mixture of acetamide and lithium nitrate in the molar ratio of 78:22 is observed to form a DES with freezing point below room temperature. Here we report nanoscale dynamics in acetamide + LiNO3 DES as studied using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. The results of MD simulation show a transient subdiffusive motion for acetamide molecules. The acetamide molecules form a hydrogen-bond network with its neighbouring set of molecules resulting in a transient cage. The motion of the acetamide molecules is described by considering a power law memory kernel for the relaxation of the cage. The intermediate scattering function obtained from the QENS experiments of DES are described using stretched exponential relaxation function. The power law exponent describing the results of MD simulation is found to match well with the stretching exponent obtained from QENS experiments.

Electrodeposition of luminescent composite metal coatings containing rare-earth phosphor particles

Mixtures of acetamide and dimethylsulfone (DMSO2) with dissolved anhydrous transition metal chlorides are introduced as new non-aqueous electrolytes for the preparation of composite metal coatings with embedded hydrophilic particles via an electrolytic co-deposition process. Red-emitting (Eu2O3 and Y2O3:Eu3+), yellow-emitting (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+), green-emitting (Gd2O2S:Tb3+) and blue-emitting (BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+) rare-earth phosphor particles and yttrium oxide particles have been embedded into thin nickel and cobalt layers. The metal coatings with the rare-earth phosphor particles have a metallic lustre, but show at the same time photoluminescence upon irradiation with UV light. The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the rare-earth phosphors are not modified by embedding them in the metallic host matrix. Different electrodeposition parameters were optimised in order to obtain well-adherent coatings with a uniform particle distribution. By preparing mixtures of the Y2O3:Eu3+ and Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphors, the emission colour could be varied from red to orange and yellow to green, depending on the mixing ratios. Embedding mixtures of yellow and blue phosphors in the metal layer made it possible to produce coatings with white photoemission.

Thermodynamic Parameters of Solvation and Complexing of Copper(II) Nitrate and Nickel(II) Nitrate in Water + Acetamide Mixtures at 298.15 K

The heats of mixing of aqueous solutions of copper(II) or nickel(II) nitrate in water + acetamide (AA) mixtures in the existing range of amide concentrations have been studied. A rise in the amide concentration enhances solvation more strongly in copper(II) salt solutions. Data are analyzed with reference to previous results on the enthalpies of transfer of the salts studied in water + formamide (FA) and water + N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) mixtures. Electronic absorbance spectra have been recorded at a fixed electrolyte concentration for all thermochemically studied systems, and a linear correlation has been found between the enthalpy of transfer of Cu(NO3)2 and the optical density of the solution. The enhanced solvation of copper(II) nitrate in aqueous acetamide is due to inner-sphere interactions between the cation and acetamide; that of nickel(II) nitrate is more due to outer-sphere interactions.

Effect of acetamide on the critical micelle concentration of aqueous solutions of some surfactants

The variations of molar conductivity of various surfactants such as sodium caprylate, sodium laurate, sodium palmitate, sodium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and lithium dodecyl sulphate with concentration of the surfactants for each of the solutions consisting of mixtures of varying concentrations of acetamide in water at a constant temperature of 30±0.2°C were studied. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for each surfactant is measured. It is found that the CMC values in mixtures of acetamide and water solutions of various surfactants are lower than the CMC values in water.

Quantitative monitoring of polyethylene glycol in aqueous dimethyl acetamide mixtures in the manufacture of synthetic fibres

-- A photometric procedure has been developed for the quantitative determination of the PEG (5000) content in precipitation bath solutions and technological solutions in the manufacture of synthetic fibres.

Partial Molal Volume of Some Alkali Halides in Water—Acetamide Mixtures

AbstractDensities of solutions of NaCl, Nal, KCI, KBr, and Csl in mixtures of acetamide + water have been measured at 313.15 K using the magnetic float densimeter. The apparent molal volumes of the electrolytes calculated from the experimental data were extrapolated to infinite dilution by means of the Masson equation. The ionic partial molal volumes of the ions have been estimated. The dependence of the partial molal volumes, the ionic partial molal volumes, and the derived transfer functions of the investigated electrolytes (ions) from water to water‐acetamide mixtures on the solvent composition are discussed.

Enthalpy of solution of some electrolytes in water-acetamide mixtures at 313.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of NaCl, KCl, KBr, KNO 3 and CsI have been measured in water and mixtures of acetamide with water at 313.15 K in the miscibility range. The standard enthalpies of solution (Δ H 0) of the investigated electrolytes have been evaluated. The corresponding enthalpies of solvation (Δ H s 0) and enthalpies of transfer (Δ H 0 t) from water to water-acetamide mixtures have been calculated. The dependence of the standard enthalpies of solution and enthalpies of transfer of the investigated electrolytes on the solvent composition is discussed.

Thermochemical investigations of some electrolytes in water-acetamide mixtures at 298.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of NaCl, KCl, KBr, KNO 3 and CsI have been measured in mixtures of acetamide with water at 298.15 K in the miscibility range. The standard enthalpies of solutions (Δ H 0) of the investigated electrolytes have been evaluated The corresponding enthalpies of solvation (Δ H s 0) and enthalples of transfer (Δ H t 0) from water to water-acetamide mixtures have been calculated The dependence of the standard enthalpies of solution and enthalpies of transfer of the investigated electrolytes on the solvent composition is discussed

Behavior of trisacetylaminomethane in trifluoroacetic acid

1. A study was made of the behavior of trisacetylaminomethane in trifluoroacetic acid. 2. All of the trisacetylaminomethane is rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to a mixture of acetamide and formylacetamide when an equimolar amount of water is present in the acid. Under the conditions where the amount of water present is insufficient for complete hydrolysis, or if it is absent, the corresponding amount of trisacetylaminomethane remains in solution.