Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft Research Articles

Efficacy of acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix graft in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix graft (AXDM) compared to connective tissue graft (CTG) in treating multiple gingival recessions. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared AXDM and CTG. The selected studies were subjected to bias risk assessment, data extraction, and meta-analyses. Parameters such as gingival recession height, width, mean percentage of root coverage, and complete root coverage were analyzed. Seven RCTs involving 146 patients were included. The meta-analyses indicated that CTG was statistically superior to AXDM in reducing gingival recession height at the final follow-up (mean difference: -0.104mm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.180-0.028, p = 0.008) and width at the final follow-up (mean difference: -0.285mm, 95% CI: -0.541-0.030, p = 0.029). CTG also demonstrated a significantly higher mean percentage of root coverage at the 6-month follow-up (difference in means: -2.761mm, 95% CI: -4.932-0.590, p = 0.013) and a higher percentage of complete root coverage at the 6-month follow-up (odds Ratio [OR]: 0.598, 95% CI: 0.4-0.892, p = 0.012) compared to AXDM. However, there was no significant difference in the number of teeth with complete root coverage between CTG and AXDM (OR: 1.610, 95% CI: 0.983-2.636, p = 0.058) and aesthetic outcomes (mean difference: 0.148, 95% CI: -0.277-0.573, p = 0.494). CTG is more effective than AXDM in treating multiple gingival recessions. This is evidenced by significant reductions in gingival recession height and width, a higher mean percentage of root coverage, and a greater percentage of complete root coverage at the 6-month follow-up. In some clinical situations an alternative to CTG is required for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions. AXDM, despite presenting clinical outcomes that are not as satisfactory as CTG, can be used for this purpose.

Complete Preservation of Orbital Fat by Restoration of Attenuated Orbital Septa Using an Acellular Dermal Matrix in Lower Blepharoplasty.

We hypothesized that application of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) over the orbital septum overlying the herniated orbital fat to tighten and strengthen the attenuated orbital septum in lower blepharoplasty would allow successful repositioning of the herniated orbital fat within the bony orbit. The author prospectively compared the cosmetic outcomes of lower blepharoplasty using ADM with standard blepharoplasty. We evaluated recurrence of eyelid bulging and tear trough deformity, volume of the lower periorbital region, and enophthalmos and eyelid droop 1 year after surgery. Twenty-two of the 24 enrolled patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in recurrence of eyelid bulging and tear trough deformity between standard blepharoplasty and blepharoplasty with ADM graft groups. In the standard blepharoplasty group, the volume of the lower periorbital region decreased significantly after surgery. In the blepharoplasty with ADM graft group, there was no significant change in the volume of the lower periorbital region after surgery. In the standard blepharoplasty group, there was no significant change in eyelid droop on either side after surgery. In the blepharoplasty with ADM graft group, the eyelid droop decreased significantly after surgery on the right side but showed no significant change on the left side. There was no significant change in enophthalmos after surgery for either group. This study demonstrated that ADM graft provided effective support for maintaining the replaced orbital fat in lower blepharoplasty. In the long-term, blepharoplasty with ADM graft might be effective in slowing development of age-related enophthalmos. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The Expanded Application of the Acellular Dermal Matrix: Traumatic Nail Bed Defect of the Digits.

Reconstruction of traumatic nail bed defects in the digits is a frequently encountered procedure, yet often presents many challenges. In such scenarios, staged procedures may be required with significant limitations in shape and increased donor site morbidity, particularly when multiple defects are present. In this study, we introduce a simple method for the reconstruction of nail bed defects using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The study involved 19 digits with nail defects, which underwent reconstruction using an ADM graft. The surgical procedure was performed on all patients on the day of injury, after which they were promptly discharged. The dimensions of the defect ranged from 0.5 × 0.5 cm to a maximum of 2 × 3 cm (average, 0.9 × 1.4 cm). Final examinations were performed at postoperative 5-11 months (average, 6.6 months). All ADM grafts were successfully taken. Nail growth was observed at an average of 4 months after surgery in the treated finger. The surgical results were retrospectively evaluated using the Zook criteria. Outcomes were "excellent" in 11 patients (57.9%), "very good" in five patients (26.3%), "good" in two patients (10.5%), and "fair" in one patient (5.2%). The expanded application of ADM explored in this study illustrates a straightforward method for the reconstruction of traumatic nail bed defects, providing effective results in a single stage without incurring donor site morbidity.

New hope for esophageal stricture prevention: A prospective single-center trial on acellular dermal matrix.

Given the high incidence of esophageal cancer in China, an increasing number of patients there are undergoing endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD). Although the 5-year survival rate after ESD can exceed 95%, esophageal stricture, the most common and serious postoperative complication, affects the long-term prognosis of patients and the quality of life. Autologous mucosal grafts have proven to be successful in preventing stricture after ESD for early esophageal cancer. To examine the viability of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as an alternative to autologous mucosa for the prevention of stricture after ESD. This is a prospective, single-center, controlled study. Consecutive patients who underwent ESD surgery and were willing to undergo autologous mucosal transplantation were recruited between January 1 and December 31, 2017. Consecutive patients who underwent ESD surgery and were willing to undergo ADM transplantation were recruited between January 1 to December 31, 2019. A final three-year follow-up of patients who received transplants was conducted. Based on the current incidence of esophageal stricture, the sample size required for both the autologous mucosal graft group and the ADM group was calculated to be 160 cases. Due to various factors, a total of 20 patients with autologous mucosal grafts and 25 with ADM grafts were recruited. Based on the inclusion exclusion and withdrawal criteria, 9 patients ultimately received autologous mucosal grafts and completed the follow-up, while 11 patients received ADM grafts and completed the follow-up. Finally, there were 2 cases of stenosis in the autologous mucosal transplantation group with a stenosis rate of 22.22% and 2 cases of stenosis in the ADM transplantation group with a stenosis rate of 18.18%, with no significant difference noted between the groups (P = 0.94). In this prospective, single-center, controlled trial, we compared the effectiveness of autologous mucosa transplantation and ADM for the prevention of esophageal stricture. Due to certain condition limitations, we were unable to recruit sufficient subjects meeting our target requirements. However, we implemented strict inclusion, exclusion, and withdrawal criteria and successfully completed three years of follow-up, resulting in valuable clinical insights. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that ADM may be similarly effective to autologous mucosal transplantation in the prevention of esophageal stricture, offering a comparable and alternative approach. This study provides a new therapeutic idea and direction for the prevention of esophageal stricture.

Quality by Design: Development of Safe and Efficacious Full-Thickness Acellular Dermal Matrix Based on EuroGTPII Methodologies.

The activities of tissue establishments are constantly and rapidly evolving. The development of a new type of allograft, full-thickness acellular dermal matrix, with high mechanical properties to be used in tendon repair surgeries and abdominal wall reconstruction, has determined the need for quality by design process in order to assess evidence of quality, safety and efficacy. The EuroGTPII methodologies were specifically tailored to perform the risk assessment, identify and suggest tests in order to mitigate the potential risk consequences of a novel tissue preparation implementation. The new allograft and associated preparation processes were assessed using the EuroGTP methodologies and characterized to properly evaluate the novelty (Step 1), identify and quantify the potential risks and risk consequences (Step 2), and define the extent of pre-clinical and clinical assessments required to mitigate the risks identified in the assessment (Step 3). Four risk consequences associated with the preparation process were identified: (i) implant failure related with tissue procurement and the reagents used during the decellularization protocol; (ii) unwanted immunogenicity related with the processing; (iii) disease transmission linked with the processing, reagents used, reduction in the reliability of microbiology testing and the storage conditions; and (iv) toxicity related to the reagents used and handling of the tissue during clinical application. The outcome of the risk assessment was a low level of risk. Nevertheless, it determined the need for a series of risk mitigation strategies proposed to reduce each individual risk and to provide additional evidence of the safety and efficacy of full-thickness acellular dermal matrix grafts. EuroGTPII methodologies allow us to identify the risks and ensure the correct definition of pre-clinical assessments required to address and mitigate the potential risk consequences, before proceeding with clinical use of the new allografts in patients.

Glans Adipodermal Augmentation for Management of Neophallus Fat Atrophy After Penile Implant Insertion: Surgical Technique and Outcomes

To describe our surgical technique and outcomes of glans augmentation with autologous adipodermal or acellular dermal matrix (ADM) interposition grafts for fat atrophy of the neophallus following penile implant insertion. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of glans augmentation in phalloplasty patients presenting with fat atrophy following penile prosthesis insertion. Glans augmentation is performed by making a small posterior coronal incision to preserve the shaft-to-glans dermal blood supply. A plane is made between the glans skin and the capsule of the distal penile implant cylinder. An adipodermal graft or ADM sheet graft is then sized to the glans dissection space and inserted, covering the implant capsule and filling the glans. The graft harvest site and posterior coronal incisions are then closed. The primary postoperative outcome was the recurrence of implant glans skin impingement or erosion. From October 2017 through January 2023, 15 patients underwent glans augmentation after penile prosthesis insertion. The mean follow-up was 20 months. Adipodermal grafts were placed in 12 (80%) patients and ADM grafts in 3 (20%) patients. Two patients developed complications requiring surgical revision and 3 patients are considering a secondary glans augmentation, for a potential surgical revision rate of 33% (5/15). There were no wound infections, implant infections, or erosions. Glans augmentation with adipodermal or ADM graft interposition between the glans skin and implant capsule improves the neophallus appearance and may help prevent future implant erosion in phalloplasty patients who develop fat atrophy after penile implant insertion.

Secondary correction of nasal deformities in cleft lip patients using acellular dermal matrix grafting on the nasal tip with open rhinoplasty

Secondary nasal deformities in patients with unilateral cleft lip represent surgical challenges. Open rhinoplasty involving repositioning of the lower lateral cartilage has been shown to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft lip and nose deformities. This study aimed to explore a particular method of rhinoplasty and to assess the aesthetic outcomes for secondary unilateral cleft lip and nose deformities following its use. Fifty-seven patients treated for secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities from January 2012 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study. Open rhinoplasty combined with a reverse-U incision and acellular dermal matrix grafting on the nasal tip was performed in all patients by the same surgeon. In our follow-up study we evaluated the results by measuring angles on photographs and scoring the appearance before and after operation. Data were statistically analysed using the t test. Appearances were improved in all patients. Both the alar base-nasal tip-columellar base angle and the nostril axis angles were smaller postoperatively (p < 0.001). According to the outcome scores, most patients (53/57) agreed that there was an obvious improvement in the appearance of their noses following surgery, and overall they were satisfied with the results of the revision procedure. A distinct improvement in nasal appearance can be achieved with this rhinoplasty. Our surgical method is effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip and nose deformities, and is worth promoting in the clinic.

Delayed open abdomen closure using a combination of acellular dermal matrix and skin graft in Korea: a case report

Delayed closure of an open abdomen (OA) is a clinically challenging task despite its various modalities. It is substantially more difficult when the duration of OA treatment is prolonged due to a patient’s condition. We introduced the management of a patient who had a delayed OA treatment spanning approximately 3 months due to severe abdominal contamination. The 64-year-old male patient had an injured pelvis pressed by a road roller. After visiting a trauma center, the patient initially underwent damage control surgery and OA management; however, early primary abdominal closure failed due to severe peritonitis. After negative pressure wound therapy for several months, an acellular dermal matrix graft followed by a skin graft were successfully used as treatments. A combination of acellular dermal matrix graft, negative pressure wound therapy, and skin graft techniques is a considerable management sequence for patients subjected to delayed OA treatment.

Treatment of gingival class I or class II recession using subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix allograft.

The present randomized control was conducted clinically to evaluate the effectiveness of Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft (ADMA) and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) in combination with Coronally Positioned Flap (CPF) in the treatment of Miller's class I and II multiple gingival recession in aesthetic areas. A total of 20 patients aged between 18 to 40 years were selected for this study, meeting all the criteria for inclusion. 10 patients were treated with ADMA and 10 patients with SCTG in combination with CPF. Various clinical parameters were assessed viz. probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession height (RH) and width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The mean RH at baseline in the control and test groups was 3.05 ±0 .55(mean± SD) and 2.60 ±.99 respectively. At 3 months the mean RH was found to be 1.60±0.74 and 1.05 ± .60 in the control and test group respectively. The mean percentage of root coverage (MRC%) at 6 months in the control and test group was 65.69 ±26.52 (mean± SD) and 65.54 ±.9.16 respectively but no statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups. The results of the study suggest that the combination of both subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix graft with a coronally positioned flap can produce an equivalent amount of esthetic root coverage.

Evaluation of wound healing effects of micronized acellular dermal matrix in combination with negative pressure wound therapy: In vivo study.

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts can provide coverage for full-thickness skin defects and substitute for dermal defects. We tested the effectiveness of micronized ADM (mADM) as a dressing material, combined with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), for managing superficial wounds. We compared the wound healing effect of mADM in combination with NPWT with those of gelatin and mADM applied with a foam dressing. These therapeutic materials were applied to 36 cm2 excisional wounds in a porcine full-thickness skin defect model. Wound healing kinetics and new tissue formation were assessed 10 days after the initial treatment by measuring the wound area. Collagen deposition and neovascularization were histologically evaluated. Compared with the other two groups, mADM plus NPWT combination group had a significantly larger wound area at the baseline (P=.0040), but the smallest on the 7th day (P=.0093). In addition, collagen formation and neovascularization were more histologically promoted than in the other two groups. mADM showed better results than the gelatin group but less collagen and revascularization than the combination group, and there was no significant difference in wound area. Our results show that the combination of mADM and NPWT has a synergistic wound healing effect.

A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial to Compare Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Access and Sulcular Tunnel Access Root Coverage Procedures to Treat Gingival Recession.

The aim of this randomized prospective study was to compare clinical and patient-centered outcomes of Miller Class I and II gingival recession defects treated with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts and either vestibular incision subperiosteal tunneling access (VISTA) or sulcular tunnel access (STA) techniques. A total of 29 gingival recession defects in nine patients were assessed to determine clinical outcomes, including probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), width of keratinized tissue (KT), width of attached tissue (AT), tissue thickness at the gingival margin (TT1), and tissue thickness 4 mm apical to the gingival margin (TT2). Visual analog scale (VAS) assessment of patient-perceived pain, bleeding, swelling, and changes in activity were assessed postoperatively at 7 and 30 days, and professional assessment of postoperative esthetics using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was performed at 6 months. All sites demonstrated significant improvements in midfacial GR. No statistically significant differences were noted between the VISTA and STA groups for clinical or patient-centered outcomes, except for preferable midfacial AT in the VISTA sites at 6 months. These findings indicate that both surgical techniques can be used with ADM grafts to achieve improvements in root coverage, alterations in periodontal phenotype, and improved esthetics with high levels of patient satisfaction.

Review of 107 Oncoplastic Surgeries Using an Acellular Dermal Matrix with the Round Block Technique.

The round block technique (RBT) is an oncoplastic surgery method that uses volume displacement techniques after partial mastectomy. However, cosmetic problems occur after tissue rearrangement in patients with small breasts or those in whom a large amount of breast tissue is excised. Therefore, we used an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) when the volume was insufficient after tissue rearrangement. Patients who underwent breast reconstruction using the ADM with the RBT after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were included. The ADM graft was performed in two layers. First, it was placed on the glandular flap, and the patient was then seated to ascertain the degree of deformity. If the volume was insufficient, a graft was also performed under the skin flap. Overall, 107 oncoplastic surgeries were performed. Tumors were most commonly located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, and the mean resected breast tissue was 27.1 g. Seroma was the most common complication, but it improved with several aspirations. There were no major complications or cosmetic problems requiring reoperation. Therefore, if the ADM was used for defects that could not be reconstructed with the RBT alone, safe and cosmetically good results could be obtained.

Histologic characterization of orbicularis oris muscle with anew acellular dermal matrix grafts in a rabbit model.

Muscular dysplasia is the key factor in influencing surgical outcomes in patients with cleft lip/palate. In this research, we attempted to evaluate a new acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a substitute for reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle with growth factors such as Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rabbit model. 30 male New Zealand Rabbits (2-3m, 1700-2000g) were divided into four groups as follows; a group in which the orbicularis oris muscle of the upper lip was implanted with ADM, a group in which the orbicularis oris muscle of the upper lip was implanted with ADM+IGF-I+VEGF, a group in which the upper lip was operated without implantation of an ADM scaffold, and a normal upper lip for comparison. Macroscopic observation, histological evaluation, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate levels of the muscle regeneration, vascularization, and inflammation at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12weeks after the operation. All wounds healed well without infection, immune rejection and so on. Histological evaluation showed that ADM was totally degraded and replaced by connective tissue. The area in which the ADM scaffold was coated with growth factors show a significant increase in the formation of new myofibers after injury, and the vascularization improved compared to the control group and the normal group. In regard to the degrees of inflammation, there were no notable differences among the groups. In conclusion, Our study indicated that ADM grafts combined with IGF-I and VEGF have potential advantages in alleviating muscular dysplasia in cleft lip treatment.

Clinical and histological evaluation of the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membrane in peri-implant vertical soft tissue augmentation: A controlled clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate the efficacy of using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for peri-implant vertical soft tissue augmentation at implant placement. Twenty patients were enrolled in this study. According to the initial thickness of vertical soft tissue, patients were assigned into the ADM group (≤2mm) or the control group (>2mm) prior to implant surgery +ADM grafting or implant surgery alone. Second-stage surgery was carried out 3months later, and a small piece of ridge membrane was harvested for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were also assessed 1week, 1month, and 5months after second-stage surgery. Clinical parameters were recorded to evaluate peri-implant health at 1week and 3months after implant restoration. All 20 implants healed uneventfully and successfully. Soft tissue thicknesses were comparable in the two groups at second-stage surgery (3.20±0.42mm vs. 3.50±0.58mm). In the ADM group, the mean increase in soft tissue thickness was 1.85±0.34mm. Histological and immunohistochemical outcomes showed no differences between the two groups. VEGF and PDGF-BB levels in PICF were significantly lower in the ADM group 1week after second-stage surgery (p<.01), yet they decreased in both groups later. The difference between the groups had disappeared by 5months after second-stage surgery. The clinical peri-implant parameters were good and stable by the end of the study (3months after restoration). Our results suggested that using ADM at implant placement was effective in increasing the thickness of peri-implant vertical soft tissue and achieved comparable clinical and histological performance to the control group. However, the incremental soft tissue showed inferior angiogenic ability in the early stage of wound healing.

Effectiveness of acellular dermal matrix graft with a coronally advanced flap for the treatment of Miller Class I/II single gingival recession with thin gingival phenotype: study protocol for a split-mouth randomised controlled trial

IntroductionGingival recession is one of the most common mucogingival deformities requiring surgical correction. The American Academy of Periodontology Regeneration Workshop recommended connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with coronally advanced flap...

Acellular cadaveric dermal matrix grafts for orbital wall reconstruction in patients with sinonasal malignancies

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the utilization of acellular cadaveric dermal matrix (ACDM) in patients undergoing orbital wall reconstruction after orbital preservation surgery for sinonasal malignancy. Methods Retrospective case series of seven patients with sinonasal malignancy who had orbital reconstruction with ACDM implants from January 2012 to August 2020. Orbital preservation was performed in all patients with tumor extension up to and including periorbital. The main outcome measures were implant exposure, orbital infection, diplopia in primary gaze, enophthalmos, and eyelid malposition. Results Patients ranged 37–78 years old (median: 66 years) and included 4 females and 3 males. The median follow-up time was 9 months (range 6–43 months) from the date of surgery. Squamous cell carcinoma comprised the majority of tumors with all patients needing medial wall reconstruction. Three patients received postoperative radiation therapy. No patients had any implant exposure, orbital infection, enophthalmos, or eyelid malposition. Conclusions ACDM grafts can be used safely in orbital wall reconstruction in patients with sinonasal malignancies.

Acellular dermal matrix graft for ventral corporal lengthening orthoplasty in 2-stage proximal hypospadias repair.

BackgroundCorrecting ventral curvature (VC) by lengthening the ventral corpora using a graft has been verified feasible, but still has been associated with the recurrence. The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in the setting of tissue reconstruction has captured the attention of many surgeons. There are few reports on the use of ADM exclusively as correction of VC. Thus, we evaluate the safety and effectiveness of repairing the defect with ADM for straightening the VC in proximal hypospadias repair.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with proximal hypospadias who underwent ventral corporal lengthening with graft in staged repair from January 2013 to December 2019. Those with curvature greater than 30° after urethral plate transection were enrolled. ADM was used for repairing the defect left by transversely transection of tunica albuginea. Patient outcomes were compared with the non-matched control group who underwent the same procedure with tunica vaginalis (TV) repair. Patient demographics, operative techniques, complications, reoperations were summarized and compared between 2 groups.ResultsForty-three patients underwent ventral lengthening with ADM repair after transverse urethral plate transection and 35 patients with TV patching respectively. At a mean follow-up of 10 months in those with the first-stage ventral lengthening, 5 of 43 (11.6%) in ADM group was detected with recurrent VC, while 2 of 35 (5.7%) in TV group were observed with recurrent curvature contemporarily (P=0.363). At a mean follow-up of 46.8 and 45.3 months, persistent curvature in ADM group was not significantly different comparing to TV group (1/43, 2.3% vs. 1/35, 2.9%; P=0.883).ConclusionsVentral corporal lengthening using ADM graft may facilitate correction of VC without increasing the risk of urethroplasty complications. It offers a promising material that can be safe, effective and simple to use and provides psychological and aesthetic benefits. Additional series assessment and further randomized controlled trials will elucidate the clinical impact of using ADM with ventral lengthening.

Effects of acellular dermal matrix on the prevention of complications and esthetic outcome after parotidectomy: A propensity score matched analysis.

The present study was designed to investigate whether acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts could prevent Frey's syndrome (FS) and improve esthetic scores following parotidectomy. From January 2015 to December 2019, 175 patients underwent parotidectomy. We divided the patients into two groups: the ADM group and the control group. We included in each group 30 patients according to a propensity score matched analysis. FS was subjective in 1 patient (3%) from the ADM group and 9 patients (30%) from the control group (P=0.015). Patients in the ADM group had a subjective esthetic score of 6.1 + 1.7 compared with 5.2 + 1.7 in the control group. The subjective esthetic score for patients in the ADM group was higher than that for patients in the control group (P =0.040). The present clinical study suggests that ADM grafts are effective in preventing FS and improving esthetic scores after parotidectomy.

Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts Decrease Radiation-Induced Contracture and Dermal Thickening

Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts Decrease Radiation-Induced Contracture and Dermal Thickening

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Human and Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix on Human Primary Gingival Fibroblasts: In Vitro Comparative Study.

Objective Allogeneic and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts have been used to treat periodontal soft tissue defects. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of human ADM (AlloDerm) and porcine ADM (Derma) on human primary gingival fibroblasts in vitro regarding the biocompatibility test. Materials and Methods Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from healthy adult gingiva and seeded on AlloDerm or Derma ADM in 96-well plate. The control cells were grown on a surface-treated polystyrene cell-culture plate without matrix. The cells were cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days. The fibroblasts morphology was examined using inverted microscopy, and the cell viability of fibroblasts adherent to the dermal matrix was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay after 3, 7, and 14 days in culture. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. p -Value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results Gingival fibroblasts adjacent to the AlloDerm and Derma matrices were healthy, attached to the well, and did not exhibit any cytopathic changes similar to control. There were no statistically significant differences in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts attached to Derma and AlloDerm on day 3 ( p = 0.841), day 7 ( p = 0.198), and day 14 ( p = 0.788). Conclusion Considering this in vitro study’s limitations, both human and porcine ADM were compatible with the surrounding human primary gingival fibroblasts. No significant differences were observed in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts that were attached to Derma and AlloDerm.