Accurate Detection Of Glucose Research Articles

Study on the performance of MoS2/Au composites for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection

Abstract Glucose concentration is considered an indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes, highlighting the importance of accurate glucose detection. Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors have been extensively studied for glucose detection applications, with nanocomposites composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) demonstrating high catalytic activity. In this study, a nanocomposite material composed of MoS2 and Au NPs (MoS2/Au) was synthesized and employed to construct a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor. The detection limit of this sensor was explored, reaching as low as 1 mM. Additionally, compared to MoS2, the MoS2/Au nanocomposite exhibited a higher linear correlation coefficient and sensitivity, with a linear range of 1–25 mM and a sensitivity of 417.556 μA mM−1 cm−2. The sensor demonstrated excellent performance within the range of human blood glucose concentrations, showing potential for real-time monitoring and precise measurement of glucose levels. Furthermore, it exhibited good stability and reproducibility. These findings indicate the potential applications of MoS2/Au in biosensors and immunoassays.

Microfibrous Carbon Paper Decorated with High-Density Manganese Dioxide Nanorods: An Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Platform of Glucose Sensing.

Nanorod structures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing the accessibility of electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and providing an abundance of active sites for improved electrochemical sensing performance. In this study, tetragonal α-MnO2 with a large K+-embedded tunnel structure, directly grown on microfibrous carbon paper to form densely packed nanorod arrays, is investigated as an electrocatalytic material for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The MnO2 nanorods electrode demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, showcasing a high sensitivity of 143.82 µA cm-2 mM-1 within the linear range from 0.01 to 15 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.282 mM specifically for glucose molecules. Importantly, the MnO2 nanorods electrode exhibits excellent selectivity towards glucose over ascorbic acid and uric acid, which is crucial for accurate glucose detection in complex samples. For comparison, a gold electrode shows a lower sensitivity of 52.48 µA cm-2 mM-1 within a linear range from 1 to 10 mM. These findings underscore the superior performance of the MnO2 nanorods electrode in both sensitivity and selectivity, offering significant potential for advancing electrochemical sensors and bioanalytical techniques for glucose monitoring in physiological and clinical settings.

A novel and sensitive microneedle array platform for visual detection of glucose based on Zr-MOF@Pt nanozyme with peroxidase-like activity

The level of glucose, one of the body’s energy-providing substances, is closely related to many diseases. Therefore, it remains a challenge to develop platform that can satisfy both the need for accurate detection of glucose for clinical diagnosis as well as device-free and efficient on-site monitoring of blood glucose. Herein, we synthesized Zr-MOFs@Pt nanocomposites for the first time. The peroxidase-like activity of Zr-MOFs@Pt was greatly enhanced two times compared with Zr-MOFs, due to the synergistic effect of Pt nanoparticles that was in situ growing in Zr-MOFs. Hydrogen peroxide was generated from glucose with the catalysis of glucose oxidase (GOx). H2O2 was decomposed by Zr-MOFs@Pt to produce free radical, which could oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue oxTMB, and could be utilized for colorimetric sensing of glucose. By crosslinking, TMB and PVA hydrogel matrix formed the microneedle patch display layer, and PVA as well as GOx composed the tip of the needle, the sensing system was developed to hydrogel microneedles array for detection of glucose. When the tip of the needle was inserted into a solution containing glucose, it reacted with GOx in the tip sector to produce H2O2. The H2O2 would react with Zr-MOFs@Pt in the display layer to produce free radicals, and further oxidize TMB causing the display layer to exhibit blue color. This work provides a new approach for designing device-free sensing platforms for glucose monitoring, which also offers great potential for development of microneedle analytical devices.

Electrochemiluminescence enzyme biosensors for ultrasensitive determination of glucose using glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on vertical silica nanochannels

Accurate determination of glucose in biological samples is of great significance for healthcare monitoring and medical diagnosis. Herein we reported an economical "signal-on" glucose electrochemiluminescence (ECL) enzyme biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of glucose based on vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) covalently modified with a monolayer of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). In the presence of glucose, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sodium salt (NAD+)-dependent GDH on the surface of VMSF catalyzes the oxidation of glucose and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) reduced from NAD+ is generated concomitantly in situ. The access of NADH to underlying electrode surface is prohibited by ultrasmall nanopores, but it can act as a co-reactant to promote the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)32+ by the free diffusion of Ru-related species, exhibiting a unique catalytic route. By recording the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)32+ electrostatically amplified by VMSF, the present ECL enzyme biosensor allows the ultrasensitive detection of glucose substrate with a wide linear range (10 nM to 1 mM) and a rather low limit of detection (1.5 nM). Furthermore, the developed ECL enzyme biosensor is capable of anti-fouling and accurate detection of glucose in human serum and artificial sweat without tedious preprocessing, which provides a ECL enzyme sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of a variety of substrates of interest by simply tailoring the recognition elements.

Photothermal hydrogel-integrated paper-based point-of-care platform for visible distance-readout of glucose

BackgroundThe accurate detection of glucose and cholesterol plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis and home care. To this end, biochemical analyzers have become extensively utilized tools for measuring disease biomarkers. Nonetheless, their poor portability and high cost have restricted their accessibility, limiting their use to laboratory settings and hindering the adoption of point-of-care testing (POCT). In contrast, the emergence of portable and affordable paper-based testing platform has revolutionized diagnostic testing by providing distance signals, enhancing intuitiveness and visual accessibility. Consequently, these platforms have become increasingly suitable for POCT. ResultsWe have developed a POCT platform that integrated AuNS@Ag, stimulus-responsive hydrogel and test strips, enabling visual distance reading of glucose. The silver-coated AuNS and enzyme were encapsulated within a temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide (NIPAM-AcAm) hydrogel to act as target recognition and reaction units respectively. Glucose can diffuse freely within the hydrogel porous matrix, thereby instigating enzyme-catalyzed reaction that induce alterations in the photothermal effect of the system. This dynamic process ensures efficient and responsive modulation of the system's photothermal properties. By ingeniously capturing distance signals induced by the photothermal effect-mediated water release the visualization and quantification of target substances are achieved, with a linear range spanning from 0 to 30 mM. The consistency between distance-based POCT platform and commercial blood glucose meter demonstrates that the platform provides a portable, affordable and reliable method for visual reading biomarkers. SignificanceThe proposed strategy enables direct, visual quantitative analysis of the target without the need for additional analytical instruments. Particularly, this method holds significant promise as an efficient platform for cholesterol and other disease markers measurement.

Diabetes Management by Fourth-Generation Glucose Sensors Based on Lemon-Extract-Supported CuO Nanoporous Materials.

Diabetes is a major worldwide health issue, impacting millions of people around the globe and putting pressure on healthcare systems. Accurate detection of glucose is critical for efficient diabetes care, because it allows for prompt action to control blood sugar levels and avoid problems. Reliable glucose-sensing devices provide individuals with real-time information, allowing them to make more educated food, medicine, and lifestyle decisions. The progress of glucose sensing holds the key to increasing the quality of life for diabetics and lowering the burden of this prevalent condition. The present investigation addresses the synthesis of a CuO@lemon-extract nanoporous material using the sol-gel process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the morphological properties of the composite, which revealed a homogeneous integration of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of the matrix. The existence of primarily oxidized copper species, especially CuO, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) investigation in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The CuO@lemon-extract-modified glassy carbon electrode (CuO@lemon-extract GCE) performed well in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing applications such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometric glucose detection. The electrode achieved a notable sensitivity of 3293 µA mM-1 cm-2 after careful adjustment, with a noticeable detection limit of 0.01 µM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The operational range of the electrode was 0.01 µM to 0.2 µM, with potential applied of 0.53 V vs. Ag/AgCl. These findings underscore the CuO@lemon-extract GCE's promise as a robust and reliable platform for electrochemical glucose sensing, promising advances in non-enzymatic glucose sensing (NEGS) techniques.

Machine learning assisted and smartphone integrated homogeneous electrochemiluminescence biosensor platform for sample to answer detection of various human metabolites

The sensitive and accurate detection of glucose and lactate is essential for early diagnosis and effective management of diabetes complications. Herein, a 3D Printed ECL imaging system integrated with a Smartphone has been demonstrated to advance the traditional ECL to make a portable, affordable, and turnkey point-of-care solution to detect various human metabolites. A universal cross-platform application was introduced for analyzing ECL emitted signals to automate the whole detection process for real-time monitoring and rapid diagnostics. The developed ECL system was successfully applied and validated for detecting glucose and lactate using a single-electrode ECL biosensing platform. For glucose and lactate detection, the device showed a linear range from 0.1 mM to 1 mM and 0.1 mM–4 mM with a detection limit (LoD) of 0.04 mM and 0.1 mM, and a quantification limit (LoQ) of 0.142 mM and 0.342 mM, respectively. The developed method was evaluated for device stability, accuracy, interference, and real sample analysis. Furthermore, to assist in selecting the accurate and economic ECL sensing platform, SE-ECL devices fabricated via different fabrication approaches such as Laser-Induced Graphene, Screen Printing, and 3D Printing are studied for the conductivity of electrode and its significance on ECL signal. It was observed that emitted ECL signal is independent of the electrical conductivity for the same concentration of analytes. The findings suggested that the developed miniaturized point-of-care ECL platform would be a comprehensive and integrated solution for detecting other human metabolites and have the potential to be used in clinical applications.

A strategy for the accurate detection of glucose in human serum based on the IFE effect of up-transformed nanoparticles

Here, the inner filter effect (IFE) was applied to construct a “turn off” mode up-conversion fluorescence and colorimetric dual-reading detection platform consisting of the chromogenic substance p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and NaYF4:Yb/Er@NaYF4 core–shell up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this strategy, hydrogen peroxide is produced in the process of glucose oxidation by catalyzing glucose oxidase (GOx). PPD is oxidized by H2O2 under the action of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), resulting in the transformation into its oxidation product PPDox, whose absorption peak coincides with the emission peak of UCNP at 540 nm, which can significantly quench the fluorescence of UCNP. The quenching efficiency is related to PPDox production, so the relationship between the glucose content and the fluorescence changes of UCNP can be established to realize the sensitive detection of glucose. UCNPs modified by –COOH and the oxidation product of PPD were negatively charged, which increased the distance between donor and recipient due to electrostatic repulsion. It was not conducive to the occurrence of distance-dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which was also verified by fluorescence lifetime test. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear ranges of hydrogen peroxide and glucose were 2.5 ∼ 50 and 5 ∼ 80 μmol/L with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.32 and 0.83 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than of some reported approaches. Furthermore, the system could be applied to the detection of glucose in actual serum sample and the results were consistency of commercial glucose meters which indicated that the protocol was reliable and potential applications for clinical diagnosis.

A High Catalytic Activity Nanozyme Based on Cobalt-Doped Carbon Dots for Biosensor and Anticancer Cell Effect

Nanozyme technology as an emerging field has been successfully applied to chemical sensing, biomedicine, and environmental monitoring. It is very significant for the advance of this field to construct nanozymes with high catalytic activity by a simple method and to develop their multifunctional applications. Here, a new type of cobalt-doped carbon dots (Co-CDs) nanozymes was designed using vitamin B12 and citric acid as the precursors. The homogeneous cobalt doping at carbon nuclear led the Co-CDs to show significant peroxidase-like activity resembling natural metalloenzymes. Based on the high affinity of Co-CDs to H2O2 (Km = 0.0598 mM), a colorimetric sensor for glucose detection was constructed by combining Co-CDs with glucose oxidase. On account of the high catalytic activity of nanozymes and the cascade strategy, a good linear relationship was obtained from 0.500 to 200 μM, with a detection limit of 0.145 μM. The biosensor has realized the accurate detection of glucose in human serum samples. Moreover, Co-CDs could specifically catalyze H2O2 in cancer cells to generate a variety of reactive oxygen species, leading to the death of cancer cells, which has useful application potential in tumor catalytic therapy. In this work, the catalytic activity of Co-CDs has been adequately exploited, which extends the application of carbon dots in multiple biotechnologies, including biosensing, disease diagnosis, and treatment.

Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Sensor Based on Electrochemically Synthesized PANI/Bimetallic Oxide Composite.

The development of a sensitive glucose monitoring system is highly important to protect human lives as high blood-glucose level-related diseases continue to rise globally. In this study, a glucose sensor based on polyaniline-bimetallic oxide (PANI-MnBaO2) was reported. PANI-MnBaO2 was electrochemically synthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The as-prepared PANI-MnBaO2 was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Glucose sensing on PANI-MnBaO2 is based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose to the glucolactone, which gives oxidation current. The oxidation potential for glucose was 0.83 V, with a limit of detection of 0.06 µM in the linear and in the concentration range of 0.05 µM–1.6 mM. The generated current densities displayed excellent stability in terms of repeatability and reproducibility with fast response. The development of a sensitive glucose sensor as obtained in the current study would ensure human health safety and protection through timely and accurate glucose detection and monitoring.

Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Immobilized in Nanoporous Hydrogels for Long-Term Robust Continuous Glucose Monitoring of Smart Contact Lens.

Smart contact lenses for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have great potential for huge clinical impact. To date, their development has been limited by challenges in accurate detection of glucose without hysteresis for tear glucose monitoring to track the blood glucose levels. Here, long-term robust CGM in diabetic rabbits is demonstrated by using bimetallic nanocatalysts immobilized in nanoporous hydrogels in smart contact lenses. After redox reaction of glucose oxidase, the nanocatalysts facilitate rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and nanoparticle-mediated charge transfer with drastically improved diffusion via rapid swelling of nanoporous hydrogels. The ocular glucose sensors result in high sensitivity, fast response time, low detection limit, low hysteresis, and rapid sensor warming-up time. In diabetic rabbits, smart contact lens can detect tear glucose levels consistent with blood glucose levels measured by a glucometer and a CGM device, reflecting rapid concentration changes without hysteresis. The CGM in a human demonstrates the feasibility of smart contact lenses for further clinical applications.

Facile immobilization of glucose oxidase with Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O for glucose biosensing via smartphone

A smartphone-based colorimetric platform for facile glucose detection was constructed below. First, glucose oxidase-Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O hybrid microflowers (GOx-HMFs) were facilely synthesized via biomineralization, which can react with glucose and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to generate colored product. Next, the color information of product was real-time collected and processed via smartphone to realize accurate glucose detection. The as-constructed colorimetric platform based on GOx-HMFs and smartphone had wide linear range, high sensitivity and good selectivity for glucose detection, moreover, the detection process was convenient and efficient, which provided a new idea for glucose detection.

Decorated graphene oxide flakes with integrated complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline/NiO toward accurate detection of glucose at physiological conditions

Abstract The dramatic increase in the number of diabetic people raised the requirement for developing practical diagnostic setups capable of rapid and precise detection of glucose molecules at physiological conditions through non-enzymatic approaches. To address this requirement, we have developed a highly stable and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose biosensor consisted of decorated graphene oxide (GO) with an integrated platform of nickel oxide, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8H) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (GO-NiO-8H-NHS) that enables the detection of glucose at neutral pH values. The optimum platform showed a perfect detection limit (DL) and sensitivity of 41 nM and 712.5 µA.mM−1.cm−2, respectively, via amperometric technique, while these values for voltammetric approaches were measured to be 63 nM and 4911.4 µA.mM−1.cm−2, respectively, at physiological conditions. Correspondingly, the developed platform showed superior sensitivity and accuracy toward detecting glucose within actual blood plasma samples and kept 94% of its initial performance after 30 days. Obtained outcomes revealed the fantastic DL and sensitivity of the developed non-enzymatic biosensors toward detecting glucose in actual biological samples at physiological conditions without using hazardous alkaline solutions.

Synthesis of Diboronic Acid-Based Fluorescent Probes for the Sensitive Detection of Glucose in Aqueous Media and Biological Matrices.

Reliable and accurate glucose detection in biological samples is of great importance in clinical diagnosis and medical research. Chemical probes are advantageous in simple operation and flexible design, especially for the development of fluorescent probes. Anthracene-based diboronic acid (P-DBA) has shown potential in glucose probing because of its high sensitivity. However, poor solubility limits its applications in aqueous media. In this work, we systemically modify P-DBA by introducing fluoro (F-), chloro (Cl-), methoxyl (MeO-), or cyano (CN-) substituents. Among these probes, the cyano-substituted probe (CN-DBA) displays the highest glucose-binding constant (6489.5 M-1, 33% MeOH). More importantly, it shows good water solubility in the aqueous solution (0.5% MeOH), with ultrasensitive recognition with glucose (LOD = 1.51 μM) and robust sensing from pH 6.0 to 9.0. Based on these features, the CN-DBA is finally applied to detect glucose in cell lysates and plasma, with satisfactory recovery and precision. These results demonstrate that CN-DBA could serve as an accurate, sensitive fluorescent probe for glucose assays in biological samples.

Silica Template as a Morphology-Controlling Factor for Attachment of CuO Nanoparticles on 3D-Ni-Foam as a New Enzyme-Free Electrochemiluminescence Probe for Glucose Detection

A new enzyme-free electrochemiluminescence glucose sensor was fabricated based on luminol and copper oxide nanoparticles modified Ni-foam electrode. The silica templates were applied as a morphology-adjusting factor to insert the copper oxide nanoparticles on the Ni-foam surface. The copper oxide nanoparticles were deposited by the pure electrochemical assay. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized for consideration of the surface characterization of the fabricated electrode. The modified nickel foam electrode (CuONPs/Ni-foam) was successfully utilized for the determination of glucose via the ultrasensitive ECL tool. For the proposed sensor, the wide linear dynamic range and the low limit of detection were obtained from 2.9 × 10−13 to 2.6 × 10−7 M and 4.2 × 10−14 M, respectively. Due to excellent proficiency towards accurate detection of glucose, the ECL sensor as an applicable platform was applied for quantitative analysis of the glucose in blood serum samples.

Electrochemical performance of the spinel NiCo2O4 based nanostructure synthesized by chemical bath method for glucose detection

Diabetes is a chronic disease, which can give serious damages to the human organs that affect life expectancy. Such a life-threatening diabetes is diagnosed by systematic monitoring of blood glucose levels; thus, accurate detection of glucose within a specified target range becomes more important for glucose sensor to provide detailed information relating with diabetes, which can result in reliable decision for diabetes treatment. Thanks to many efforts developing the reliable glucose sensors, electrochemical performance of the sensor including sensitivity and selectivity in response to glucose is gradually improved. Herein, we developed spinel type NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanostructure with excellent sensitivity, selectivity and chemical robustness for glucose detection. NCO was prepared by conversion of NiCo-layered double hydroxide (NCH) at comparatively low temperature, which is synthesized by simple and facile chemical bath method and following post-heat treatment of the NCH. Electrochemical sensitivity, selectivity and detection time of the NCO in response to glucose was investigated, compared to those of the NCH. Also, long-term stability of the NCO on repetitive glucose detection was evaluated. Based on the systematic analysis on materials properties and electrochemical performance of the NCO, possible mechanism of the glucose oxidation, which significantly improves electrochemical performance of the NCO, is discussed.

Developing an integrated microfluidic and miniaturized electrochemical biosensor for point of care determination of glucose in human plasma samples

A cost-effective, point of care (POC) device based on highly oriented CNT arrays was developed as an electrochemical assay for real-time and sensitive detection of glucose in complex samples. A low-cost, microcontroller-based potentiostat consisting of Arduino Due and LMP9100-EVM was developed to perform electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. A syringe pump based on open-source electronics was designed to direct the flow through a microfluidic chip. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) sensor arrays, in combination with the miniature potentiostat and the syringe pumps, were utilized as a POC device for the rapid and accurate detection of glucose. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR). CV as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the electrode with respect to different diffusion regimes. The mediator-less biosensor had a limit of detection of 23μM and sensitivity of 1462μAmM-1cm-2 and 1050μAmM-1cm-2 at the linear range of 1.2-7.8mM and 7.8-11.2mM, respectively. The presence of other biological compounds such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) did not interfere with the detection of glucose. Finally, the designed POC device was successfully applied for the determination of glucose in human blood plasma samples.

High-performance field-effect transistor glucose biosensors based on bimetallic Ni/Cu metal-organic frameworks

Accurate detection of glucose is essential for the diagnosis of diabetes, wherein effective and sensitive biosensors for glucose detection are needed. Here, we fabricated a glucose sensor based on field-effect transistor (FET) with bimetallic nickel-copper metal-organic frameworks (Ni/Cu-MOFs) as its channel layers which were grown in-situ through a simple one-step hydrothermal method and modified with glucose oxidase (GOD) by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as linkers. Due to the synergistic effect of Ni ions and Cu ions in MOFs, the sensor (GOD-GA-Ni/Cu-MOFs-FET) showed good field effect performance and great responses to glucose through enzymatic reactions. It displayed a piecewise linear relationship in the wide range (1 μM–20 mM), and provided high sensitivity (26.05 μAcm−2mM−1) in the low concentration (1–100 μM) and a low detection limit (0.51 μM). The sensor also had these advantages of high specificity, excellent reproducibility, good short-term stability and fast response time. Especially, it is indicated that the Ni/Cu-MOFs-FETs with high performance have the potential to be available sensors, paving the way for the application of bimetallic MOFs in biosensing.

"All-inclusive" silicon nanoparticles for sensitive detection of blood glucose

In this study, a success is achieved in developing a new variety of "all-inclusive" silicon nanoparticles with recognition components of boronic acid groups and anti-fouling components of PEG segments for the precise detection of glucose. The added glucose will contribute to the significant fluorescence quenching of "all-inclusive" silicon nanoprobes. Not only does this method achieve the accurate detection of glucose in the range of 0.4 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.27 μM, it is also applicable to the clinical analysis of blood glucose.

Point-of-care assay for drunken driving with Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles-decorated ploy(vinyl alcohol) aerogel assisted by portable pressure meter.

Alcohol abuse causes health problems and security accidents. A reliable and sensitive detection system for alcohol has been an instinctive demand in law enforcement and forensic. More efforts are demanded in developing new sensing strategy preferably with portable and non-invasive traits for the pushforward of point-of-care (POC) device popularization.Methods: We developed a POC diagnosis system for alcohol assay with the aid of alcohol oxidase (AOX) pre-joining in the system as well as Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles (abbreviated to Pd@Pt) that were decorated on ploy(vinyl alcohol) aerogel with amphiphilicity. Biological samples like saliva and whole blood can be absorbed by the aerogel in a quick process, in which the analyte would go through a transformation from alcohol, H2O2, to a final production of O2, causing an analyte dose-dependent signal change in the commercial portable pressure meter. The cascade reactions are readily catalyzed by AOX and Pd@Pt, of which the latter one possesses excellent peroxidase-like activity.Results: Our design has smartness embodied in the aerogel circumvents the interference from methanol which is more ready to be catalyzed by AOX. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection for alcohol was 0.50 mM in saliva, and is able to distinguish the driving under the influence (DUI) (1.74 mM in saliva) and driving while impaired (DWI) (6.95 mM in saliva) in the national standard of China.Conclusion: Our proof-of-concept study provides the possibility for the establishment of POC device for alcohol and other target detection, not only owing to the sensing qualification but also thanks to the architecture of such sensor that has great flexibility by replacing the AOX with glucose oxidase (GOX), thenceforth realizing the accurate detection of glucose in 0.5% whole blood sample. With the advantages of easy accessibility and anti-interference ability, our sensor exhibits great potential for quantitative diagnostics in biological system.