Accuracy Of Panoramic Radiographs Research Articles

Do panoramic radiographs offer improved diagnostic accuracy over clinical examination and other radiographic techniques in children?

Aim The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic efficacy of panoramic radiographs in six clinical situations for paediatric patients: caries, acute dental infections, dental trauma, dental anomalies, developmental disorders and pathological conditions.Data sources The authors searched the following databases: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Cochrane Health Technology Assessment database. Forward citation searches of included studies were carried out. There were no language restrictions. The dates were restricted to include studies published between 1990-2018.Study selection Inclusion criteria: children under the age of 18 for whom the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography was compared to either clinical or an alternative radiographic examination for the six included indications. Exclusion criteria: panoramic radiographs taken for orthodontic indications outwith those stated in the aim. Studies of all designs were included. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts were completed independently and in duplicate by two authors. Disagreement was resolved by discussion including a third author. A total of 3,420 abstracts were screened, from which 175 full texts were reviewed. Sixteen studies across the six indications were included in the review.Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction was performed independently and in duplicate by two authors, with a third resolving disagreement. A standardised form was used which was initially piloted on ten papers. A narrative synthesis was carried out due to heterogeneity of the included studies precluding data synthesis.Results Assessment of bias was completed using the QUADAS 2 tool. Of 16 included studies, the majority were of high or unclear risk of bias for domains including: patient selection, conduct or interpretation of the index test, reference standard, and patient timing and flow. Regarding detection of caries, one study was included which demonstrated clinical examination detected more carious surfaces than panoramic radiographs (6.0%, 95% CI 4.1-7.8%), but that bitewing radiography combined with panoramic radiography led to a higher diagnosis of approximal lesions than clinical examination alone by 4.3% (p <0.0001). Concerning acute dental infection, one study was included that did not present diagnostic accuracy data. Three studies related to dental trauma were included, all of which examined condylar fractures. Only one study reported diagnostic accuracy data: 70% diagnostic accuracy with panoramic radiography compared to 92% utilising CT scans. Four studies included examined diagnosis of a spectrum of dental anomalies. The only study to provide data on diagnostic accuracy reported a sensitivity of 50% for correct identification of supernumerary teeth on panoramic radiographs, with a specificity of 97.2%. Five included studies pertained to developmental disorders. One study gave data on diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiographs. This showed sensitivity of 68.2% for identification of abnormalities in familial adenomatous polyposis. Two studies included were related to pathological conditions - one reported that panoramic radiographs gave 75% sensitivity to identify abnormal condylar morphology in patients with TMJ synovitis, with a specificity of 66.7%.Conclusions The study concluded that more research is required concerning the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiographs for oral conditions in order to produce clinical guidance based on high-quality evidence.

Accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs on the vertical measurements of dental implants

Objectives: Panoramic radiography (PR) is the most commonly used technique to evaluate the dental and associated structures. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiographs (PRDs) in planning of dental implant treatment and the magnification rate of a panoramic device for anterior, premolar and posterior regions.Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight patients, who received PRD after implant surgery, were included to the study. A total of 240 dental implants (53 anterior, 69 premolar, and 118 molar regions) of which previously vertical lengths were known, were re-measured on post-operative radiographic images using the scaling tools of the panoramic system to determine the magnification rate and the accuracy of PRDs. Cause the data had normal distribution, the paired t test was used for the statistical analysis (p&amp;lt;0.05). The magnification rate of the three regions was calculated as the rate of measured vertical length of the implants to the actual vertical length of the implants. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the actual and measured vertical length of the implants on the PRD (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, the correlation rate was found close to 1 for all regions. The difference between the actual and measured vertical length of the implants on the PRD was 0.50 mm for the anterior region, 0.97 mm for the premolar region, and 0.83 mm for the molar region. The magnification rate of the panoramic system corrected by CliniviewTM (Instrumentarium Corp., Tuusula, FINLAND) software was found around 1 for all the regions. Conclusions: Due to their readily accessible nature and low radiation dose, PRDs can be used in implant surgery for vertical measurements with 1 mm confidence interval.

Mandible in personifying the identity of individuals in mass disasters: An original study with forensic interest

Context: Disaster is an unforeseen and sudden event that causes great destruction, damage, and human suffering. The World Disaster Report published in 2012 showed that the total number of people affected by disasters had significantly increased in the last few decades. This signifies the role of forensic anthropologists in personifying the identity of individuals during mass disasters. The age and sex of an individual can be determined by means of skeletal indicators when soft tissues are not available for analysis. Pelvis is the best skeletal indicator for sex determination. Next to pelvis, skull and head of femur are the next most important skeletal indicators. Furthermore, when the entire skull is not available for analysis, mandible plays a vital role as it is one of the strongest bones in the skull showing dimorphism. Various studies conducted in the past have proven the accuracy of panoramic radiographs in providing anatomical measurements helpful in the identification of individuals. The present study was conducted using digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) for the same. Aim: This study aims to measure and compare various measurements of the ramus in mandible on digital OPGs and to assess the usefulness of such measurements in personifying the identity of individuals by forensic anthropologists during mass disasters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was done using 500 digital OPGs taken with the help of SIRONA Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System, and specific measurements of mandibular rami were carried out using the SIDEXIS-XG software. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The determination of sex was done by discriminant function analysis. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 13, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA. Results: All the variables studied in the present study were found to be significant predictors of sex although variables C, D, and E were found to be highly significant with P values obtained being

Reliability of Panoramic Radiographs in the Localization of Mandibular Foramen

The present study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiographs in the localization of mandibular foramen. Twenty five Indian dry human adult mandibles constituted the study material. Ten measurements were carried on each of them to evaluate the location of mandibular foramen with respect to adjacent anatomic landmarks. Panoramic radiographs were then made of the mandibles. Same distances were measured on the traced images of the radiographs. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test were applied to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of panoramic radiographs in localization of mandibular foramen. The mean distances measured on dry mandibles and panoramic radiographs showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was strong positive correlation between the measurements on dry mandible and panoramic radiographs. The panoramic radiographs can serve as a guide in locating the anterosuperior point of mandibular foramen on panoramic radiographs.

Comparison of panoramic radiograph with cone-beam computed tomography in assessment of maxillary sinus floor and nasal floor

Introduction: Panoramic radiograph is frequently prescribed by dentists for implant planning and, hence, accurate assessment of anatomical structures in panoramic radiograph is of utmost importance. Aims: The aim of the present study is to know the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in assessment of relationship between maxillary sinus floor and posterior teeth roots, and the distance from alveolar crest to nasal floor by comparing it with that of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) image. Materials and Methods: Panoramic and CBCT images of 30 patients were analyzed. The topographic relationship of each root of posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus floor was evaluated and classified into three classes. The distance from the peak point on maxillary alveolar crest to nasal floor was measured in panoramic radiograph as well as in CBCT image. All the measurements were made by built-in measurement tools. Results: Class 1 roots in panoramic radiograph showed high agreement (86%) with CBCT image, followed by class 0 (76%). There was a significant difference in the measurements of alveolar bone height (ABH) in the nasal floor region with a P value of 0.018. Conclusion: Panoramic radiograph is reliable in assessment of nasal floor and maxillary sinus, provided position of the patient, distortion, and the inherent magnification factor are taken into consideration.