Accumulative Roll Bonding Cycles Research Articles

Enhancing mechanical and microstructural properties of Pb composite anode by the addition of W-Co3O4 ceramic particles fabricated by Accumulative Roll Bonding

In this research, the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique was employed as a severe plastic deformation method to manufacture a unique bi-metal Pb/W composite reinforced by Co3O4 ceramic oxide. For this purpose, composites with different amounts of reinforcement particles (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%) were successfully produced using the ARB process (up to 10 cycles). Also, the mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness, tensile, and shear punch tests. For microstructural investigations, the X-ray diffraction method (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fractography analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. The Pb-0.5%W/Co3O4 following 10 ARB cycles exhibited optimal mechanical and microstructural properties. For this composite, the tensile strength showed a markable increase of 2.17 times, yield strength by 4.7 times, shear strength by 3.6 times, and hardness by 4.2 times compared to the pure Pb sample subjected to the same ARB cycles. However, the strain was reduced by 3.85 times. These enhanced properties are also followed by increased stiffness and improved anode dimensional stability, creep resistance, and operational lifespan.

Investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Ag-Sc ultra-fine grain alloy processed by accumulative rolling bonding method

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and precipitation hardening on the microstructure development and there of mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al–Ag-Sc alloy. For this purpose, the samples were heated to a temperature of 600 °C for 24 h, and then they were quenched in water. In order to carry out the two-stage precipitation hardening process, the samples were placed in the furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 5000 s in the first stage, which was followed by quenching in water. In the second stage, they were heated to 250 °C for 5000 s following by water quenching too. Following, the samples were subjected to the ARB for up to 8 cycles. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to verify the microstructure and phase analysis of the prepared samples. Also, tensile and microhardness tests were conducted to confirm the mechanical properties, and pin-on-disk tests were done to check wear behavior. Microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, microstrain, and density of dislocations in rolled sheets were estimated using the Rietveld method. The Results have shown that applying various cycles of the ARB process leads to the development of ultra/nano grain structure. In that sense, performing 8-cycle of the ARB transformed the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) of the 4-cycle ARB condition to high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). Results showed that there is proper welding between different layers, except for the layers created in the last cycle. Similarly, the obtained size of the crystallites demonstrates that the samples become finer when ARB cycles are increased. The results of the mechanical tests indicated that after 8 cycles, there is approximately 3.5-fold and 2.5-fold increase in the tensile strength and hardness compared to the original (annealed) sample, respectively. While the elongation decreased slowly and reached 1.5% in the 8th cycle. A fractography of the fracture surface of the original sample included deep and coaxial dimples, indicating a ductile fracture. Analysis of wear surface degradation showed that scratch wear occurred for all samples.

Evolution of microstructure and texture and their influence on the strength of an accumulative roll bonded (ARBed) Al-Sc-Zr-Er-Ti alloy

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is an effective approach to improve the strength of metal sheets. This work studied the evolution of microstructure and texture and their influence on the strength of an ARBed Al-Sc-Zr-Er-Ti alloy, produced by multi-microalloying Sc, Zr, Er, and Ti into pure Al. A high-quality interface and a fine microstructure with an average grain size of ∼0.6 μm were achieved as by the ARB process. The Dillamore {4411} <11118> and the Copper {112} <111> components were sharpened in final texture as is common in ARB. However, after the 5th cycle, there was a new texture component along the α-fiber, at (φ1, Φ, φ2) ≡ (60°, 45°, 0°) in Euler space. The yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (UTS) increased with increasing the number of ARB cycles. The 7th ARBed Al-Sc-Zr-Er-Ti alloy had increased YS by 45% and UTS by 57%, respectively, compared to the initial cold rolled sheet. Strengthening was mainly attributed to dislocation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening. There was little texture strengthening because of a strengthening and softening alternation with the change of ARB cycle.

Mechanical and electrical properties of Al/18Cu/3WC/3MoS2 multilayered hybrid composites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding

In this research, Al/18Cu/3WC/3MoS2 (wt.%) multilayered hybrid composites were fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and their electrical and mechanical properties were investigated. After seven ARB cycles, an Al-matrix multilayered hybrid composite with a uniform distribution of WC-MoS2 particles and Cu islands was achieved. The presence of the WC-MoS2 particles and Cu islands significantly affected the electrical and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. The composite obtained after seven ARB cycles showed an enhanced strength of 259 MPa. Also, it was found that the electrical conductivity of the Al matrix decreased by applied strain (about 19 % IACS) and the presence of the WC-MoS2 particles. By annealing the fabricated composite obtained from final cycles, the electrical conductivity increased from 54 % IACS to 71 % IACS.

Reactive Ti/Ni multilayer composites produced via accumulative roll-bonding (ARB): post-annealing treatment

ABSTRACT Ti/Ni multilayers, produced through the accumulative-roll bonding (ARB) process, serve as reactive multilayer, capturing energy to optimize manufacturing processes and contribute to TiNi (shape memory alloy) production. This research specifically examines the impact of the number of layers on microstructural and thermal properties after activation through heating. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were employed to analyse samples subjected to various ARB cycles. The findings indicate that in low-cycle ARB processing, the interdiffusion of Ni and Ti under normal conditions initiates the production of a very thin layer of TiNi at 800 °C, requiring extended holding times for increased thickness. Conversely, the formation of intermetallic compounds, particularly TiNi, and diffusion in high-cycle ARB-processed composites are accelerated. According to the DSC results, complete activation and phase transformation, accompanied by the release of energy (43–50 kJ/mol), occur at approximately 500–525°C without the need for any holding time. Consequently, for achieving a uniform TiNi phase, heat treatment of high-cycle ARB-processed composites up to 800°C – a temperature surpassing the activation temperature – without any holding time can be effectively employed.

Mechanical, microstructural, and textural evaluation of aluminum-MWCNT composites manufactured via accumulative roll bonding at ambient condition

In the present study, aluminum-matrix composites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were manufactured using the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. In the first step, MWCNTs were dispersed between two pieces of Al sheets that were then stacked together and rolled. In the second step, the above procedure was repeated for up to 12 cycles without adding MWCNTs. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites were studied during various ARB cycles using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the mechanical properties of the composites were measured employing tensile and Vickers hardness tests. More uniform dispersion of MWCNTs was found in the microstructure of the aluminum matrix after 12 ARB cycles. With an increase in the number of ARB cycles, the hardness of the composites was enhanced. The results indicated that after 11 cycles, both the elongation and tensile strength improved and strong interfacial bonding formed between MWCNTs and the Al matrix. However, the development of micro-cracks in the composite resulted in a decrease in elongation and tensile strength at the final cycle. SEM investigations of fracture surfaces revealed that the fracture mode of the composites changed from ductile to brittle in the final ARB cycle, while that of monolithic aluminum remained ductile for all ARB cycles. Texture analysis, also confirmed a transition from the initial recrystallized (Cube and Goss) texture to the ideal rolling texture, mainly with Copper and Dillamore components.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper/Graphene Composites Fabricated via Accumulative Roll Bonding and Heat Treatment without a Controlled Atmosphere

Copper and its alloys are structural materials used in industries and engineering applications due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and chemical stability. Integrating graphene, known for its exceptional electrical conductivity, into the copper matrix is a promising strategy to enhance mechanical properties without sacrificing electrical conductivity. The Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process can effectively and homogeneously introduce graphene into the metal matrix and is adaptable to an industrial scale. This study investigates the impact of varying graphene concentrations and two heat treatment protocols (without a controlled atmosphere) on the mechanical and electrical properties of ARBed copper/graphene composites. Optical microscopy revealed minimal voids and graphene clumps, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the absence of copper oxide in some samples. The conductivity test showed little influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on electrical conductivity (~86% of the International Annealed Copper Standard) within a limited number of ARB cycles. The tensile tests did not reveal a significant influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (220–420 MPa) and elongation (~2%).

Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Zn/Mg multilayered composites prepared by accumulative roll bonding process

Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and their respective alloys have attracted great attention as biodegradable bone-implant materials due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the poor mechanical strength of Zn alloys and the rapid degradation rate of Mg alloys limit their clinical application. The manufacture of Zn and Mg bimetals may be a promising way to improve their mechanical and degradation properties. Here we report on Zn/Mg multilayered composites prepared via an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. With an increase in the number of ARB cycles, the thicknesses of the Zn layer and the Mg layer were reduced, while a large number of heterogeneous interfaces were introduced into the Zn/Mg multilayered composites. The composite samples after 14 ARB cycles showed the highest yield strength of 411±3 MPa and highest ultimate tensile strength of 501±3 MPa among all the ARB processed samples, significantly higher than those of the Zn/Zn and Mg/Mg multilayered samples. The Zn and Mg layers remained continuous in the Zn/Mg composite samples after annealing at 150 °C for 10 min, resulting in a decrease in yield strength from 411±3 MPa to 349±3 MPa but an increase in elongation from 8±1% to 28±1%. The degradation rate of the Zn/Mg multilayered composite samples in Hanks’ solution was ranged from 127±18 µm/y to 6±1 µm/y. The Zn/Mg multilayered composites showed over 100% cell viability with their 25% and 12.5% extracts in relation to MG-63 cells after culturing for 3 d, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. Statement of significanceThis work reports a biodegradable Zn/Mg multilayered composite prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of the Zn/Mg multilayered composites were improved due to grain refinement and the introduction of a large number of heterogeneous interfaces. The composite samples after 14 ARB cycles showed the highest yield strength of 411±3 MPa and highest ultimate tensile strength of 501±3 MPa among all the ARB processed samples. The degradation rate of the Zn/Mg multilayered composite meets the required degradation rate for biodegradable bone-implant materials. The results demonstrated that it is a very promising approach to improve the strength and biocompatibility of biodegradable Zn-based alloys.

Fabrication of Al/BN composite strips and evaluation of fracture toughness and forming limit diagram

In this study, mechanical properties, fracture toughness (FT) and forming limit diagram (FLD) of Al base composites manufactured by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) have been studies experimentally. AA1100/BN composite strips have been manufactured with thickness of 1 mm up to 10 ARB cycles at 300°C. Their strength enhanced to 168 MPa which was 248 % enhancement than the primary aluminum alloy 1100. Also, the bonding between layers enhanced by fabrication of thin layers through the thickness of composites with more plastic strains. SEM fracture morphology of composites showed that a shear ductile fracture was achieved at higher passes. So, relative to the annealed sample, deep dimples are shrinking slowly. UTS, elongation and hardness of samples improved to 169 MPa, 11.4 % and 55.6 HV after the 10 cycle, respectively. After the first pass as the criterion of formability, the area under the FLDs dropped sharply and then enhanced at higher passes. Based on the results obtained FT enhanced to 30 MPam12 at the 10th pass.

Investigation into microstructural and mechanical properties of Al–Sn alloy fabricated using accumulative roll bonding combined with heat treatment

Al–Sn-based alloy was produced using the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process followed by heat treatment. The effect of ARB cycles and various heat treatment temperatures (300–600 °C) and times (15–60 min) was studied. Microstructural, structural, and mechanical properties of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), hardness, tensile, and wear tests at room temperature. Microstructural observations featured aluminum grains with a grain-boundary distribution of the tin phase, confirming the successful production of Al–Sn alloy by using the ARB process followed by the heat treatment process. The ultimate tensile strength and hardness values of the produced alloys were 110 MPa and 45 HV, respectively, after 8th ARB cycles and heat treatment at 600 °C and holding for 30 min. Besides, the wear resistance of the prepared Al-12 wt% Sn alloy was increased when the ARB cycles increased from the first cycle to the 8th cycle. In conclusion, this study reflected that mechanical working (ARB process) combined with heat treatment is an appropriate route to achieve Al–Sn alloy with relatively suitable properties.

On the microstructural and mechanical responses of dual-matrix Al-Ni/SiC composites manufactured using accumulative roll bonding

This article discusses the correlation between the microstructural and mechanical changes in the dual-matrix Al-Ni/SiC composites processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) technique. Three different SiC concentrations, 1, 3, and 5% were considered to reinforce Al and Al-Ni dual-matrix composites. ARB process was applied up to 7 cycles to manufacture a composite with homogenous dispersion of the three phases. The results showed that the presence of Ni layer between Al and SiC particles enhanced the dispersion of SiC in the matrix, which positively affect the mechanical strength. The maximum tensile achieved was 257 MPa for composite containing 3 % SiC after 7 ARB cycles compared to 37.2 MPa for the AA1050. Increasing SiC content reduces the adhesion between Al and Ni layers, which reduces the elasticity of the composites. However, for the composites with 5% SiC, after 3 ARB cycles, the strength was reduced due to the cracking of the Ni layer caused by the stress concentration around the SiC particles. The hardness values of the ARBed AA1050, AA1050-Ni, and AA1050-Ni/5 wt% SiC are 85.5, 93.5, and 109.7, respectively, after 7 ARB cycles. In terms of strength, the samples with 3% SiC content showed the optimum stress enhancement with minimum reduction in the elongation, which achieve a compromised response for many applications.

On the microstructure and texture of intermetallics in Al/Mg/Al multi-layer composite fabricated by Accumulative Roll Bonding

The microstructure and texture of the intermetallics in Al/Mg/Al multi-layer composite fabricated by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) at 400 °C up to 6 cycles were investigated using Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (SXRD). EBSD and SXRD analysis have shown that ARB processing leads to the formation of Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 intermetallics soon after the second ARB cycle with a global thickness of 12 (N = 2) to 22 µm (N = 6). The polycrystalline intermetallics plates growth was columnar and normal to the bonding interface. A constitutional liquefaction region was depicted ahead of the plates with an unusual rugged migration front. The Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 intermetallic compounds which formed after 2 ARB cycles have approximately the same average grain size (1.0 µm) at this cycle. After 4 ARB cycles, the grain refinement of Al3Mg2 is more than 4 times higher than in Mg17Al12. The average grain size of Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 reach 0.2 and 0.9 µm, respectively. After 6 cycles of ARB, the average grain size of both Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 increased to 1.5 µm and 2.8 µm, respectively. The dislocation density obeyed a ρAl3Mg2 > ρAZ31 > ρAl 1050 ∼ ρMg17Al12 hierarchy after N = 4 and 6 ARB cycles and the Al3Mg2 was shown to store more dislocations. Through the ARB processing, a usual strong basal (0002) texture was depicted in AZ31 layers and a weak rolling texture was shown in Al 1050 layers with a dominant Rotated Cube (001) 110 > component that vanished after upon increasing ARB cycles. The Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 intermetallics were characterized by a random texture.

Study on microstructure evolution and fracture behavior of Al/Al/Cu multilayer composites

The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and the fracture mode of Al/Al/Cu multilayer structural composites produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), tensile test at room temperature and microhardness tests. The results show that during the ARB process, the Cu layer undergoes the process from straightening, necking to fracture due to the difference in the strain hardening index and strength coefficient between Al and Cu. The shear stress caused by the severe plastic deformation makes the Cu grains elongated and flattened along the rolling direction, forming a fibrous shape. After the ARB5 cycles, the Cu grains undergo dynamic recrystallization, and a large number of equiaxed grains appear, with average grain size of 750 nm. After ARB3 cycles, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite reaches the maximum value of 625 MPa, and the elongation is 6.67%. During the tensile process, the transverse microcracks are first initiated at the Al3003/Cu interface, and then the microcracks propagate longitudinally along the Al layer. Finally, the microcracks in the Al layer merge into the main cracks, which develops in the direction of the shear bands with the rolling direction. With the increase of ARB cycles, the bonding strength of the Al3003/Cu interface increases, and the Al/Al/Cu multilayer structural composite changes from delamination-necking fracture to delamination-shear fracture and finally to shear fracture.

Tribological properties of copper-graphene (CuG) composite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding

The main aim of this study is to clarify the effect of the number of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) cycles on the tribological properties of the copper-graphene composite. To conduct the wear test, the pin-on-disk method was utilized at an average normal force of 20 N and a sliding distance of 1000 m. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the worn surface resulting from the wear test and determine the wear mechanism. The results showed that the wear rate increased in the rolled copper sheet and copper-graphene composite as a result of increasing the number of cycles. The increase in wear rate and weight reduction in the composite were less than rolled copper sheet. SEM micrography and EDS analysis showed that adhesive, oxidation, and delamination wear mechanisms were active on the wear surfaces. With increasing the ARB cycles, the dominant wear mechanisms in the copper-graphene composite and copper sheet were delamination, which was associated with severe galling and cracking in high cycles and more accentuated in copper sheet samples.

A modified artificial neural network to predict the tribological properties of Al-SiC nanocomposites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding process

This work highlights the major influence of SiC concentration and plastic deformation on boosting wear rates of aluminum composites supplemented with SiC particles comprising varied volume fractions (0–4%). It also shows how a basic neural network model augmented with a particle swarm optimizer can forecast wear rates and coefficients of friction for complicated composites. According to the experimental findings, increasing the quantity of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) enhances SiC particle dispersion homogeneity. Increasing the number of cycles and introducing additional SiC particles helped to reduce the wear rate and increase the friction coefficient. After nine ARB cycles, the Al-4 wt.% SiC nanocomposite had the best improvement in both wear rate and friction coefficient. The same sample was also used in efforts to enhance the characteristics of hardness, and it was selected as having the highest level of hardness, which has grown by 139%. All of the generated composites evaluated at four different wear loads were able to be predicted by the proposed model with great accuracy, with determination coefficient R2 values of 0.9768 and 0.9869 for the frictional coefficient and wear rates, respectively.

Mechanical properties and fracture surface of Al-Al2O3 nano/micro-composites produced by accumulative roll bonding

ABSTRACT The accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process has been utilised to produce layered materials and composites with high strength without intermediate annealing steps. This study focused on the size of reinforced particles (Al2O3) with an average size of 3 µm (m) and 80 nm (n) in aluminum matrix composites. Three different samples of monolithic Al, Al-1 vol.% (m)Al2O3, and Al-1 vol.% (n)Al2O3 particulate composites were produced by ARB. The SEM results revealed that the distribution of alumina particles in the fabricated composites was improved with increasing ARB cycles, while the Al-1 vol.% (m)Al2O3 composite presented the proper distribution of particles at higher cycles in contrast with the Al-1 vol.% (n)Al2O3 composite. The tensile strength of the produced composites was enhanced, and their ductility decreased with the increase in ARB cycles, while Al-1 vol.% (m)Al2O3 with a tensile strength of 253 MPa showed higher strength than Al-1 vol.% (n)Al2O3 with 229 MPa at the sixth cycle. By adding Al2O3 microparticles, the yield strength and tensile strength of the microcomposite sheet were increased to about 5 and 2.1 times, respectively, compared to the Al sheet.

Prediction of the tensile properties of ultrafine grained Al–SiC nanocomposites using machine learning

We discovered and analyzed the new prediction model by using machine learning (ML) for the tensile strength of aluminum nanocomposites reinforced with μ-SiC particles fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The effect of the number of cycles and SiC content on the microstructure, phase analysis, tensile, and hardness properties have been investigated for the ARBed sheets and their composites. The experimental results showed the distribution of SiC particles improved by increasing ARB passes. The ARB approach greatly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and hardness. The UTS achieved was 254 MPa for 4% SiC after 9 ARB cycles. The hardness values of the ARBed AA1050, and AA1050-4 wt% SiC are 60, and 76.5, respectively, after 9 ARB cycles. The modified version of random vector functional link based on Growth Optimizer Algorithm is developed as a machine-learning model to predict the tensile properties of the produced composites. The efficiency of the developed ML model is evaluated with other methods according to the performance criteria.

Complementary research on the Al–Cu nanostructured composite processed by ARB: finite element, crystal plasticity, intermetallic, and failure analysis

A unique Al–Cu composite was manufactured using the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. For characterization purposes, a variety of methods was conducted on the resulting composite. Also, the shear band formation which is a prevalent phenomenon in the ARBed materials was analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). For experimental analysis, the crystallographic texture was evaluated for the material by the X-ray diffraction method (XRD). A well-developed rolling (β-fiber) texture was dominated on the Al side, however, recrystallization led to the occurrence of other component mainly around <001> orientation on the Cu side. Upon annealing, the formation of different intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was observed and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An unexpected AlCu4 was detected between the layers as the prominent IMC after the annealing process. Furthermore, the shear punch test was employed for the material's mechanical characterization. It was observed that the strength of the composite material was higher than that of primary metals i.e., Al and Cu. Finally, failure analysis revealed a ductile fracture with separated layers at earlier cycles and a brittle fracture at higher ARB cycles.

On the impact of using alumina nanoparticles and initial aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA1050/AA2024 nanostructure composite, created by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method

In this research, AA1050/AA2024 layered composites were created through six cycles of the ARB process. In this direction, the effect of using the reinforcing nanoparticles and the initial aging process on the mechanical properties and microstructure were researched. Two sheets of AA1050 and one sheet of AA2024 alternatively were used to create the composite. Also, 0.005 vol% Al2O3 nanoparticles were used. Moreover, the aging process lasted for 30 min at 190 ᵒC. Once the aging process was completed, the S′ precipitates with less than 100 nm thickness were formed. After six ARB cycles and using reinforcing particles, the equiaxed ultra-fine grain microstructures were created. The grains were about 500 nm in size. The S′ precipitates improved tensile strength. The alumina nanoparticles resulted in 38% and 32% improvements in the AA1050/AA2024 composite's wear resistance to the annealed AA1050 and AA1050/AA2024 composite sheets, respectively.

A novel Cu-carbon nanotube sheet composite manufactured via the ARB process: A microstructural and mechanical study

A Cu matrix composite was designed and produced successfully by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement particles. The accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process was used to introduce the material in the shape of the sheet. The process was repeated up to five ARB cycles to obtain a uniform composite with good mechanical properties. Different amounts of CNTs were added to the matrix of Cu in order to evaluate the behavior of the CNTs in the matrix of the Cu. Microstructural evaluations confirmed that by increasing the ARB cycles, a uniform distribution of the CNTs was achieved. However, for Cu-1%CNT considerable numbers of unbonded areas led to weak bonding. Also, the material responded differently to the applied tensile test during loading. For low amounts of CNT-contained composites, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was increased in each ARB pass, but, for Cu-1%CNT composite, the UTS was the lowest. Also, microscopy observations were used to study the distribution/configuration of CNTs. The weak bonding of the Cu layers in some spots was attributed to the agglomeration of CNTs between the layers. Fractography of the samples after the tensile test, also, showed remarkable separation between the unbonded layers.