Accumulation Of Lead In Tissues Research Articles

The bundle sheath in Zea mays leaves functions as a protective barrier against the toxic effect of lead

Lead is a highly toxic metal. It impairs the metabolism of living organisms. Plants show different sensitivity to the action of this element. One of the plants with relatively high lead tolerance is Zea mays, where even in detached leaves treated with Pb2+ ions, the photosynthesis rate remains very high compared to other plant species. This study set out to determine the mechanism responsible for the high resistance of maize photosynthetic tissue to the toxic effect of this metal. For this purpose, the cut leaves of Z. mays were incubated in Pb(NO3)2 solutions at different concentrations. Regions of lead accumulation in tissues and cells were located using histochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy. The experiments showed a diverse distribution of lead ions in the leaf blade of Z. mays. Most of the accumulated Pb2+ ions were observed in the vascular bundle and the bundle sheath, while minimal traces of metal were transferred to the mesophyll. In Pisum sativum leaves, although Pb(NO3)2 concentration in the solution was two-fold lower, lead accumulated in all the leaf tissues – mainly in the vascular bundle, epidermis, sclerenchyma, and mesophyll. Thus, bundle sheath cells in maize leaves were able to inhibit the flow of Pb2+ ions to the ground tissue. Therefore, the influence of the toxic metal on photosynthesis in mesophyll cells remained minimal. These experiments show that the structure of Z. mays leaf, with a layer of bundle sheath cells (characteristic of C4 plants), contributes to the protecting photosynthetic tissue against the toxic effect of lead.

Influence of combined stress by salinity (NaCl) and heavy metals (Pb(NO3)2) on the proline, chlorophyll and lead accumulation in the tissues of the Atriplex canescens (Pursh ) Nutt.

Abstract. Salinity and heavy metals pollution are the root causes of many environmental problems. This study aims to determine the effect of NaCl-induced salinity and Pb(NO3)2 on chlorophyll, proline content, and lead accumulation in shoots and roots of Atriplex canesens. Sowing was carried out in plastic pots (16 cm in diameter and 13.8 cm high) containing a mixture of sand/compost. The irrigation of plants was performed with distilled water and Hoagland nutrient solution. After four months of growth, the plants were subjected to either 0.50 or 3% of NaCl combined with 800, 1600, and 2400 ppm of Pb(NO3)2 for a duration of one month, then we performed biochemical and chemical analyses on the plants. Results showed that the combined influence of strong salinity and lead caused a reduction of chlorophyll and increased proline and lead accumulation in plant tissues. Lead significantly accumulated in the roots compared to the shoots of the plants.

The Effects of EDTA on Lead Accumulation in Tissues of Clarias gariepinus

This study was intended to determine the lead accumulation levels in liver, gill, kidney, brain, and muscle tissues of Clarias gariepinus (African sharp tooth catfish) under the sole effect of lead (1.0 and 2.0 ppm) and combined with EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) (2.0 and 4.0 ppm) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine tissue lead levels, and the SPSS package program was used for statistical evaluation of the experimental data. No mortality was observed in fish over the time periods of the experiments, and concentrations were determined with lead only and with lead together with EDTA. At the end of the experimental periods, the presence of lead increased the metal accumulation in the tissues and organs examined when compared to the control, and, in terms of accumulation, a relationship was determined between the tissues in the order of gill > kidney >liver > brain > muscle. The effect of lead together with EDTA was reduced lead accumulation in tissues and organs when compared to the effect of lead only.

Effect of thiamine and vitamin C on tissue lead accumulation following experimental lead poisoning in Cyprinus carpio

The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible ameliorative effects of vitamin C and thiamine on lead accumulation in kidney, liver, muscle, brain and gill of experimentally lead-poisoned common carp. At the beginning of the experiment, fish (n=120) were divided into 4 groups randomly with group 1 being considered as the control group. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were exposed to lead acetate (5 mg/L, 15 days); groups 3 and 4 received vitamin C (500 mg/kg feed) and thiamine (50 mg/kg feed) during lead acetate exposure, respectively. Following this, it was observed that lead exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in lead content in all examined tissues of fish in group 2 in comparison to control group. It was also found that thiamine supplementation slight ly decreased the augmented levels of lead in the muscle, brain and gill tissues, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. Similarly, vitamin C supplementation reduced the augmented concentrations of lead in the muscle to the levels that were not significantly different from that of the control group. Based on the present results, neither thiamine nor vitamin C was effective in providing a significant reduction of tissue lead burden in groups 3 and 4 as compared to group 2. Thus, monotherapy with such vitamins cannot be proposed as a suitable therapeutic approach for the effective reduction of the tissue lead burden in common carp. However, further investigations using other dosing regimens of each vitamin or combined treatment with chelators are required to reach such a conclusion.

Effects of Lead and Selenium Interaction on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Brain and Accumulation of Metal in Tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758)

The potential accumulation of lead in different tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and the effects of selenium in AChE inhibition caused by lead in brain were investigated. Juvenile O. niloticus samples were exposed to combination of 1 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1 lead and 1mg L-1 lead+2mg L-1 selenium and 2mg L-1 lead+4mg L-1 selenium for 1, 7 and 15 days respectively. The accumulation of lead in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7) enzyme activity was also analyzed by spectrophotometric method. No mortality was observed during lead exposure in relation to time period and exposed concentrations. Lead accumulation was occurred in all tissues in relation to time. Maximum lead accumulation occurred in brain tissue, followed by the liver, gills and muscle tissues in relation to time period. Selenium caused a decrease on accumulation of lead in tissues (all selenium mixtures in muscle tissue on the first day, 1mg L-1 Pb+2mg L-1 selenium in gill tissue on the seventh day, in liver tissue on the seventh day except 2mg L-1 Pb+4mg L-1 selenium mixtures) at the end of each of all three test periods. Inhibition of AChE activity was caused by the highest concentration and by the short-term effect of lead. Such effect of lead was eliminated by selenium mixture. Lead and selenium mixture were resulted an increase in activity on 15th day at the highest concentration. Selenium led to decrease in the accumulation of lead in the tissues and caused to improvement in the loss of AChE activity.

Copper and lead accumulation in common carp females during long-term dietary exposure to these metals in pond conditions

The aim of the research was to observe the process of copper and lead accumulation in tissues of adult females of the common carp, during a long-time (3 years) dietary exposure to these metals in pond conditions. The fish were divided into 3 groups, which were fed with control pellets (control group) and pellets contaminated with lead (group Pb, 68.4 mg Pb kg−1dry weight) or copper (group Cu, 153.1 mg Cu kg−1) for three exposure periods: the first, the second and the third vegetation seasons. Quite a different profile of tissue metal accumulation was observed for copper and for lead in female carps. Copper accumulates mainly in the liver (205.4 ± 35.2 mg kg−1), reaching values 70 times higher than in control, and 300 times higher than in some other tissues, while lead accumulated mainly in the kidney (1.7 ± 0.25 mg kg−1) and intestine (2.2 ± 0.2 mg kg−1). Even when exposed to Cu or Pb for three consecutive seasons, the carps studied did not accumulate these metals in the muscles at the level dangerous for human health in case of ingestion.

Potencial de fitoextração de Pb por mamoneiras em solo contaminado

The present work was developed with the objective to evaluate the accumulation of Pb in plant tissue of castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) in contaminated soil and investigate the potential for soil remediation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/UNOESTE – Presidente Prudente/SP. Plants were grown in pots with a capacity of 9 dm3 of soil. The treatments were in addition to the vessels of 18.8 mg kg-1, 37.5 mg kg-1, 75 mg kg-1, 150 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 and 1200 mg kg-1 in the form of Pb (Pb(NO3)2). Treatments were arranged according to completely randomized design with three replications. Samples of soil and plant tissue were collected ninety days after sowing for the quantification of mass of dry matter of shoots and roots, and for determining the accumulation of lead in tissues of both species. The parameters were subjected to analysis of variance evaluating the effect of treatments by the Tukey test at 5% level of probability. The results presented by significant F-test were submitted to polynomial regression. The castor beans had a higher accumulation of Pb in roots, there was a decrease in plant growth due to a reduction of mass of dry matter of shoots and roots with the gradual increase of the concentration of Pb in soil and the addition of 1200 mg kg-1 Pb in soil was more effective in reducing the growth of castor bean.

Exposure–dose–response of Anadara trapezia to metal contaminated estuarine sediments. 2. Lead spiked sediments

The composition of near shore marine environments is increasingly being altered by contaminants from human activities. The ability of lead, which has no known biological function, to mimic biologically essential metals makes it one of the most toxic to marine biota. The relationship between lead exposure, dose and response was investigated in Anadara trapezia exposed for 56 days to lead spiked sediment (100 and 300μg/g dry mass). Lead tissue concentrations of the 300μg/g exposed A. trapezia doubled in the last 2 weeks of exposure with final lead tissue concentrations of exposed organisms of 1 and 12μg/g, respectively. Tissue lead accumulation of exposed organisms followed the pattern haemolymph>gill>hepatopancreas during much of the 56 day exposure. Between 30 and 69% of accumulated lead in the gill and hepatopancreas was detoxified and fairly evenly distributed between the metal rich granule and the metallothionein like protein fractions. Approximately half of the biologically active lead in both tissues was in the mitochondrial fraction which showed increased cytochrome c oxidase activity in lead exposed organisms. There was a reduction in GPx activity, an associated increase in total glutathione concentrations and reduced GSH:GSSG ratios due to a build up of oxidised glutathione. These changes in the glutathione pathway were reflected in the total antioxidant capacity of lead exposed A. trapezia which were significantly reduced compared to control organisms. Increased lead exposure significantly increased lipid peroxidation, lysosomal destabilisation and frequency of micronuclei. A significant exposure–dose–response relationship for A. trapezia exposed to lead enriched sediments indicates that elevated sediment lead concentrations have the potential to increase biologically active lead burdens and impair the antioxidant reduction capacity leading to a series of associated effects from lipid peroxidation to cellular perturbation and genotoxic damage.

Lead Does Not Affect Transcription of Intestinal Zinc-Binding Proteins in Growing Rats:

Environmental lead exposure remains a serious concern for the growth and development of children. Micronutrient status may affect the absorption and tissue accumulation of lead, but the mechanisms of gastrointestinal uptake and transport remain unknown. Thus, our objective was to investigate the effects of lead on the mRNA levels of intestinal zinc transporter 4 (ZIP4), metallothionein (MT), cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in growing rats fed marginal, adequate, and supplemental zinc diets. Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to marginal zinc (MZ; 8 mg Zn/kg diet), zinc-adequate control (CT; 30 mg Zn/kg), zinc-adequate diet-restricted (DR; 30 mg Zn/kg), or supplemental zinc (SZ; 300 mg Zn/kg) groups, with and without lead acetate-containing drinking water (200 mg Pb/l) for 3 weeks. Duodenum was analyzed for ZIP4, MT, CRIP, and DMT1 mRNA levels by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and MT immunolocalization. Tissues were analyzed for zinc, lead, and iron by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. MZ rats had higher duodenal ZIP4 mRNA levels, lower MT mRNA levels, lower MT immunostaining intensity, and lower zinc concentrations than DR, CT, and SZ. Duodenal DMT1 mRNA levels were lower in DR and SZ compared with MZ. Tissue lead concentrations responded to dietary zinc with SZ < CT < DR <or= MZ. The greater accumulation of hepatic lead in MZ rats was associated with zinc deficiency as well as diet restriction. Lead treatment resulted in higher hepatic iron concentrations but had no effect on duodenal ZIP4, MT, CRIP, or DMT1 mRNA levels. Thus, tissue lead accumulation was not directly mediated by the transcriptional induction of zinc and iron binding or transport proteins. The mechanisms of lead absorption during nutritional deficiency and supplementation require further investigation.

Lead Contamination of Chicken Eggs and Tissues from a Small Farm Flock

Twenty mixed-breed adult laying hens from a small farm flock in Iowa were clinically normal but had been exposed to chips of lead-based paint in their environment. These chickens were brought to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, where the concentration of lead in blood, eggs (yolk, albumen, and shell), and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, and ovary) from 5 selected chickens was determined over a period of 9 days. Blood lead levels ranged from less than 50 to 760 ppb. Lead contamination of the yolks varied from less than 20 to 400 ppb, and shells were found to contain up to 450 ppb lead. Albumen contained no detectable amount. Lead content of the egg yolks strongly correlated with blood lead levels. Deposition of lead in the shells did not correlate well with blood lead levels. Mean tissue lead accumulation was highest in kidneys (1,360 ppb), with livers ranking second (500 ppb) and ovarian tissue third (320 ppb). Muscle contained the lowest level of lead (280 ppb). Lead contamination of egg yolks and edible chicken tissues represents a potential public health hazard, especially to children repeatedly consuming eggs from contaminated family-owned flocks.

Copper and lead accumulation in tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii and its effects on the branchial Na,K-ATPase activity.

Copper and lead accumulation in tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii and its effects on the branchial Na,K-ATPase activity.

Accumulation of lead and its effects on Na balance in the freshwater crayfishCherax destructor

The accumulation of lead in tissues of the freshwater Australian crayfish Cherax destructor and its effect on ion and osmoregulation were investigated. Crayfish were exposed to two different lead concentrations for up to 21 days, either 100 mg · 1–1 or a sublethal concentration of 0.5 mg · 1–1, to determine the distribution of lead in exposed crayfish. The gills were the primary site of lead accumulation at both concentrations, with crayfish exposed to 100 mg · 1–1 accumulating 46.4 mg Pb2+ · g–1 wet weight. However, there was a marked difference in the distribution of lead at the two concentrations. C. destructor exposed to sublethal lead levels maintained osmotic pressure and the haemolymph ion concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Cl. However, there was a 37% decrease in haemolymph Ca concentration in Pb-exposed crayfish after 21 days. While Na homeostasis was maintained, there was a 50% decrease in unidirectional sodium influx in long-term-exposed crayfish, which correlated with a 40% inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gill homogenates from long-term-exposed C. destructor. The ability of Pb-exposed crayfish to activate Na transport was also reduced by 70% as determined from the maximum rate of net Na uptake. Thus the accumulation of large lead burdens in the gills and the reductions in Na flux rates will effectively restrict the distribution of C. destructor into soft water bodies. The ability of C. destructor to rapidly accumulate and tolerate the effects of lead indicate that this species is a suitable candidate as a bioindicator of freshwater lead contamination. J. Exp. Zool. 281:270–279, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Effect of environmental temperature on tissue lead accumulation in mice repeatedly treated with lead acetate

The effect of environmental temperature on lead accumulation in tissues of mice repeatedly treated with lead acetate (2 mg/kg per day and 5 mg/kg per day) for 3 or 6 weeks was studied. In blood, kidney and liver, the amount of lead accumulated after 3 weeks of treatment was markedly higher in animals exposed to 22°C than those maintained at 35°C. Conversely, when the treatment was extended to 6 weeks, lead concentrations in the liver and kidney were equal or higher respectively, in the mice exposed to 35°C. In the brain, lead concentration was lower than that found in kidney and liver and it was independent of dose and ambient temperature after 3 weeks of treatment but increased when the treatment period was extended up to 6 weeks, the accumulation of lead being higher at 35°C than at 22°C. These results demonstrate that environmental temperature influences the amount of lead accumulated in some rodent tissues, and that the duration of the treatment modifies the effect produced by temperature, suggesting that the changes elicited during the period of acclimation to the hot environment could be responsible for these findings.

Effect of environmental temperature on tissue lead accumulation in mice repeatedly treated with lead acetate

The effect of environmental temperature on lead accumulation in tissues of mice repeatedly treated with lead acetate (2 mg/kg per day and 5 mg/kg per day) for 3 or 6 weeks was studied. In blood, kidney and liver, the amount of lead accumulated after 3 weeks of treatment was markedly higher in animals exposed to 22°C than those maintained at 35°C. Conversely, when the treatment was extended to 6 weeks, lead concentrations in the liver and kidney were equal or higher respectively, in the mice exposed to 35°C. In the brain, lead concentration was lower than that found in kidney and liver and it was independent of dose and ambient temperature after 3 weeks of treatment but increased when the treatment period was extended up to 6 weeks, the accumulation of lead being higher at 35°C than at 22°C. These results demonstrate that environmental temperature influences the amount of lead accumulated in some rodent tissues, and that the duration of the treatment modifies the effect produced by temperature, suggesting that the changes elicited during the period of acclimation to the hot environment could be responsible for these findings.

Accumulation of lead and effects on total lipids and lipid derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch)

Exposure of a freshwater fish to several sublethal concentrations (1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, and 20.00 mg/liter) of lead for a period of 30 days showed significant accumulation of lead in the blood and tissues. Lead bioaccumulated in the study showed organ-specific distribution, with high levels in the blood followed by the kidney, gill, liver, and brain and comparatively lesser amounts in the ovary and muscle tissues. The lead accumulation in tissues was found to increase with lead in water up to a concentration of 5 mg/liter, and at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/liter the lead accumulation in the tissues, although indicating an increase, was not proportional to the concentration in water. Exposure of the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus to a sublethal (5 ppm) concentration of lead nitrate for a period of 30 days during the preparatory phase of its annual reproductive cycle reduced the total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol levels in the liver and ovary tissues while the free fatty acid levels were increased and lipase activity was elevated. All the parameters in the blood were found to increase. These results suggest that lead nitrate affects the lipid metabolism of the fish and this may reduce the fecundity of the fish since lipids are known to play an important role in teleost reproduction as an energy source and a precursor of steroids.

Determination of lead in treated crayfish Procambarus clarkii: accumulation in different tissues.

The continual loading of trace metals into our environment represents a water pollution problem due to their toxic effects on aquatic biota. In addition, metal ions can be incorporated into food chains and concentrated by aquatic organisms to a level that affects their physiological state. There are several investigations on the toxic effects and bioaccumulation of lead in fishes, molluscs, and crustaceans. Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain) and the surrounding rice-field waters are subjected to large loads of sewage and toxic industrial residues (including heavy metals) from many urban wastewaters in the area. In 1978, the American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) appeared in Lake Albufera. The crayfish have reached a high density producing ecological and agricultural economic problems in rice crops. The crayfish is being fished commercially for human consumption without adequate protection to human health. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accumulation of lead in tissues of the crayfish P. clarkii following short term lead exposure at several sublethal concentrations. The gills, midgut glands, antennal glands and muscle were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius)

One-day old American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were dosed orally daily with 5 μl/g of corn oil (controls), 25 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg, or 625 mg/kg of metallic lead in corn oil through day 10. Forty percent of the nestlings given 625 mg/kg died after six days. Growth rates became significantly different from controls in the 625 mg/kg group by day 3 and in the 125 mg/kg group by day 4. Crown-rump lengths and brain weights were significantly lower in both treatment groups. Liver and kidney weights were lower in the 625 mg/kg groups. Skeletal examination and measurement of alizarin red-S stained nestlings revealed reduced growth for the humerus, radius-ulna, femur, and tibiotarsus in the 125 mg/kg and 625 mg/kg groups. Skeletons were otherwise normal in appearance. Greater than 2 ppm (wet weight) lead in the liver or 6 ppm in the kidney was associated with suppressed growth, while more than 5 ppm in the liver and 15 ppm in the kidney occurred in survivors in the 625 mg/kg group. The order of accumulation of lead in tissues at the end of 10 days was kidney > liver > brain. These findings suggest that altricial nestlings may be considerably more sensitive to lead exposure than adults and also more sensitive than hatchlings of many precocial species.

Influence of dietary lead and calcium on tissue lead accumulation and depletion, lead metabolism and tissue mineral composition in sheep.

Two experiments were conducted to study the metabolism and tissue accumulation and depletion of dietary Pb in sheep. In Exp. 1, a feeding trial, 33 wethers, 56 kg initially, were assigned randomly to two dietary treatments: .25% Ca plus 1,000 ppm Pb or .50% Ca plus 1,000 ppm Pb. Supplemental Ca and Pb were supplied as reagent grade calcium carbonate or reagent grade lead acetate. The experiment was divided into two phases of 75 and 180 d; during the first phase, diets contained 1,000 ppm supplemental Pb and during the second phase, diets contained 3 ppm Pb. Calcium level remained constant within treatments throughout both phases. Sheep were slaughtered at various intervals during both phases and tissue samples taken. Lead increased in all tissues during the accumulation period and decreased during the depletion period; however, kidney was the only tissue in which Pb concentration declined to control values by 180 d. Dietary Ca reduced (P less than .05) the concentration of Pb deposited in liver, but not in other tissues. Interactions of dietary Ca and Pb on tissue concentration of various minerals occurred. In Exp. 2, a balance trial, 27 wethers, 53 kg initially, were allotted randomly to four treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Diets contained either 0 or 1,000 ppm supplemental Pb as reagent grade lead acetate and .25 or .50% total Ca with supplemental Ca from calcium carbonate. Increasing dietary Pb increased (P less than .05) percentage of Pb retained and increased (P less than .01) whole blood Pb concentration (1.0 vs 1.42 micrograms/ml).

Effectiveness of Dietary Iron and Ascorbic Acid in the Prevention and Cure of Moderately Long-term Lead Toxicity in Rats

The protective and curative effects of high levels of dietary iron and ascorbic acid on moderately long-term toxicity in rats were examined. In rats fed a diet containing 500 ppm of lead for 56 days, growth retardation, reduction of food consumption, anemia, hypertrophy of the kidney and accumulation of lead in the bone and kidney were observed, however, activities of alkaline phosphatase and GOT in the plasma did not change. Addition of 400 ppm of iron and 1% of ascorbic acid to the lead containing diet prevented the growth depression, reduction of food consumption, anemia and decreased the accumulation of lead in tissues. When these compounds were added to the lead containing diet for 18 days after feeding the lead diet alone for 38 days, almost no curative effects on lead toxicity were observed. In contrast to cadmium toxicity, dietary iron and ascorbic acid have no curative effect on established lead toxicity.

Effects of Environmental Heat Stress and Exercise on Renal Blood Flow and Filtration Rate

ARTICLESEffects of Environmental Heat Stress and Exercise on Renal Blood Flow and Filtration RateLeo R. Radigan, and Sid RobinsonLeo R. Radigan, and Sid RobinsonPublished Online:01 Oct 1949https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1949.2.4.185MoreSectionsPDF (911 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByKidney injury risk during prolonged exposure to current and projected wet bulb temperatures occurring during extreme heat events in healthy young menHayden W. Hess, Jocelyn J. Stooks, Tyler B. Baker, Christopher L. Chapman, Blair D. Johnson, Riana R. Pryor, David P. Basile, Jacob C. Monroe, David Hostler, and Zachary J. Schlader22 June 2022 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 133, No. 1Both hyperthermia and dehydration during physical work in the heat contribute to the risk of acute kidney injuryChristopher L. Chapman, Blair D. Johnson, Nicole T. Vargas, David Hostler, Mark D. Parker, and Zachary J. Schlader31 March 2020 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 128, No. 4Renal and segmental artery hemodynamics during whole body passive heating and cooling recoveryChristopher L. Chapman, Julia M. Benati, Blair D. Johnson, Nicole T. Vargas, Penelope C. Lema, and Zachary J. Schlader11 October 2019 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 127, No. 4Soft drink consumption during and following exercise in the heat elevates biomarkers of acute kidney injuryChristopher L. Chapman, Blair D. Johnson, James R. Sackett, Mark D. Parker, and Zachary J. Schlader21 February 2019 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 316, No. 3Effect of heat stress on vascular outcomes in humansJem L. Cheng and Maureen J. MacDonald25 March 2019 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 126, No. 3Firefighter Work Duration Influences the Extent of Acute Kidney InjuryMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 49, No. 8Cardiovascular control during whole body exerciseStefanos Volianitis and Niels H. Secher1 August 2016 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 121, No. 2Heat stress increases muscle glycogen use but reduces the oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exerciseRoy L. P. G. Jentjens, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, and Asker E. Jeukendrup1 April 2002 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 92, No. 4Effect of environmental temperature on tissue lead accumulation in mice repeatedly treated with lead acetateEuropean Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 293, No. 3Cardiac response to combined moderate heat and exercise in men with coronary artery diseaseThe American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 70, No. 2Renal Handling of Beta 2 -Microglobulin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis5 December 2017 | DICP, Vol. 23, No. 12Circulatory implications of exercise and heat stressPharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 31, No. 1-2Effects of Experimentally Produced Heart Failure on the Peripheral Vascular Response to Severe Exercise in Conscious DogsCirculation Research, Vol. 31, No. 2Renal Response To Simulated "Mechanical Heart Hyperthermia"2 July 2016 | Angiology, Vol. 21, No. 5Human Cardiovascular Adjustments to Rapid Changes in Skin Temperature during ExerciseCirculation Research, Vol. 24, No. 5The effects of “dry” heat on the circulation of man. Renal hemodynamicsAmerican Heart Journal, Vol. 64, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 2Issue 4October 1949Pages 185-191 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1949.2.4.185PubMed18149038History Published online 1 October 1949 Published in print 1 October 1949 Metrics