Lead Accumulation In Soil Research Articles

Manage the environmental risks of perovskites

Manage the environmental risks of perovskites

Study on the Effect of Cu (II) and Zn (II) on the Accumulation of Pb (II) from Soil to the Biomass of Vegetable

Among soil pollutants, lead (Pb) is one of the toxic metal pollutants widely used in many industrial processes and occurs as a contaminant in environment. In this study, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the accumulation of lead from soil contaminated by this metal ion on the biomass of some vegetables, including spinach, lettuce, carrots, and potatoes. The results showed that lead was cumulative metal. Besides, the level of lead accumulation in soil of the studied vegetables decreased in the order of tubers of carrots, tubers of potato, spinach root, lettuce root, stems and leaves of spinach, stem and leaves of carrot, stems and leaves of potato, and stem and leaves of lettuce, respectively. Our investigations demonstrate the effect of copper and zinc micronutrient elements which play an important role in the growth and development of plants, on the accumulation of lead from contaminated soil of the studied vegetables. The obtained results showed that high concentration of copper and zinc in soil cause competition with lead in the process of absorption and accumulation in the plant. Specifically, copper and zinc showed the inhibition effect on the uptake and accumulation of lead by these plants.

Influence of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead accumulation in soil and vegetables: Implications for health risk assessment and phytoremediation

ABSTRACTThe current study evaluated the effect of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead (Pb) accumulation in soil and vegetables, and its associated health implications. A pot experiment was conducted in which spinach (Spinacia oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus), and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) were irrigated with groundwater and wastewaters containing varying concentrations of Pb. Lead contents were measured in wastewaters, soils and root and shoot of vegetables. We also measured health risk index (HRI) associated with the use of vegetables irrigated by wastewaters. Results revealed that Pb contents in groundwater and wastewater samples (range: 0.18–0.31 mg/L) were below the permissible limits (0.5 mg/L) set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Application of Pb-containing groundwater and wastewater increased Pb concentration in soil and vegetables. Lead concentrations in all soils ranged from 10 to 31 mg/kg and were below the permissible limits of 300 mg/kg set by the European Union. Significant Pb enrichment was observed in the soils whereby all types of vegetables were grown and assessed for Pb risk. Our data showed that Pb contents, in all three vegetables (21–28 mg/kg DW), were higher than the permissible Pb limit of FAO (5 mg/kg Dry Weight (DW)). The HRI values were > 1.0 for radish and cauliflower. It is proposed that Vehari city wastewater/groundwater must be treated prior to its use for irrigation to avoid vegetable contamination by Pb, and as such for reducing Pb-induced human health risk.

Human geography of New Orleans’ high-lead geochemical setting

Previous soil lead studies in New Orleans focused on the geochemical footprint and its health impacts. This study examines the human geography of race, income, and age in pre-Katrina metropolitan New Orleans within the context of lead accumulation in soils. Sample points of soil lead data (n = 5,467) collected in 1998-2000 were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS), binned into 9 ranges, and queried by (1) 2000 Census racial demographic data, (2) 1999 median household income, and (3) 2000 age data. The absolute population generally declines as lead levels increase except at lead levels from 200-400 to 400-1,000 mg/kg when population increases; the African-American population comprises a disproportionate share of this cohort. The high-lead areas occur in the inner city, home to the largest populations of African-Americans in New Orleans. The mean household income curve indicates that lower economic groups are at risk to higher levels of lead. A total of 44,701 children under the age of 5 years, plus 123,579 children aged 5-17, lived in census block groups containing at least one sample point with over 100 mg/kg lead, and these include 23,124 and 64,064 young people, respectively, who live near at least one point over 400 mg/kg. Lead exposure affects a panoply of outcomes that influence the health and welfare of the community. Unless corrected, children are likely to return to the same or, because of lack of lead-safe practices during renovation, even higher exposure risks than before the flooding of New Orleans.

Dynamics of contamination of urban soils with lead in the eastern district of Moscow

Spatial-temporal trends were revealed in the contamination of Moscow soils with lead as a priority pollutant emitted with automobile exhaust. From the data of 1989 and 2005, maps of technogenic lead aureoles in soils of the eastern district were compiled, the average annual rate of increase in the element content was estimated, and its doubling time was predicted. Ecological-indication properties controlling the accumulation of lead in soils were determined.

The effects of heavy metal contamination on the soil arthropod community of a shooting range

Significant relationships were found between lead accumulation in soil from a shooting range and inhabiting arthropod communities.

Distribution patterns of lead accumulation in roadside soils: a case study from Erzurum, Turkey

Surface soils along roadsides or near to industrial areas may contain high concentrations of lead that adversely affect plant production. Lead contamination of roadside soils is generally attributed to the exhaust emissions of automobiles operating with leaded gasoline. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationships between lead accumulation in soils and the distance from the road edge, predominant wind direction and soil depth, and to define vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of lead accumulation within the study area. The lead content of soil decreased rapidly with the distance from the road, and the relationship was described by a power function. The contamination was more dependent on the predominant wind direction. Our results indicated that lead that had accumulated within the top few centimetres of soil had been mixed throughout the ploughing layer in cultivated lands. Soils within 40 m of the motorway had at least 2 to 6 times higher amounts of lead than the background level.

The accumulation of lead in soils and herbage at Rothamsted Experimental Station

SUMMARYTo measure the accumulation of Pb in an area 42 km from London and within 2 km of the A5, A6 and M1 trunk roads, the Pb contents of topsoils collected from sites at Rothamsted Experimental Station since 1881 have been determined. From 1883 to 1972 the increases ranged from 17 to 46% but because of the variable Pb contents within fields, the absolute rate of accumulation is difficult to determine. The Pb content of herbage harvested twice yearly since 1920 has not increased noticeably.

Accumulations of lead in soils for regions of high and low motor vehicle traffic density

Accumulation of lead in soils over a period of approximately 40 years was compared for areas of high and low motor vehicle traffic densities. Where motor vehicle traffic density was less than 80 motor vehicles per square mile, no lead accumulations were observed, but where the motor vehicle traffic density was greater than 580 motor vehicles per square mile, the concentration of lead in the surface 2.5 cm. of soil increased by a factor of two to three times. Although large percentage increases were observed in the surface soils from the areas of high motor vehicle traffic density, the amount of lead found in the surface soil did not exceed 52 ppm, a level which is common to many soils from areas of low motor vehicle traffic density and not subjected to atmospheric or industrial lead contaminations.