Accumulation Of Biochemical Compounds Research Articles

Seasonal variation in population and biochemical contents of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Aim: The present study was undertaken on population dynamics and estimation of protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens to explore their migratory behaviour. Methodology: Brown planthopper populations were monitored and collected using sweep nets from 23rd standard meteorological week (SMW) to 47th SMW during 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons to understand population dynamics of the pest. The protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents were estimated from the pest samples collected during 36th to 44th SMW in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. Results: Brown planthopper population were not observed in rice farm during 23rd SMW to 28th SMW during two years of study. However, macropterous form of the pest first appeared in the farm during 29th SMW and peaked during 43rd SMW. Thereafter, population declined and disappeared after 47th SMW during both the years. Water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents varied significantly different weeks which remained low during 36th-39th SMW, however, increased gradually towards the end of the rainy season 2017 and 2018. On the other hand, protein content significantly varied among different weeks unlike the trend of water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen. Interpretation: The study revealed the absence of brown plant hopper during summer season preceding rainy season, and the accumulation of bio-chemical compounds towards the end of rainy season under Delhi environment is perhaps suggestive of migration of the pest from unknown areas during rainy season to Delhi and likely preparedness of the pest for emigration to safer areas from Delhi, respectively.

Evaluating the effects of agitation by shaking, stirring and air sparging on growth and accumulation of biochemical compounds in microalgae cells

The economic feasibility of microalgae biomass production for biofuels is evaluated based on biomass concentration and productivity, and accumulation of pigments, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein. These parametric indicators are commonly promoted in microalgae cultures by manipulating the growth conditions, such as altering the growth nutrients, temperature, salinity, and mixing intensity. In view of this, the current study evaluated the potential of Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Oocystis minuta, and Neochloris conjuncta to accumulate biomass, pigments, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein under different mechanical agitation conditions of the culture systems. The results show that the maximum biomass concentration (2423 mg/L) and productivity (544 mg/L/d) were observed in D. salina at a stirring speed of 1400 rpm and an aeration rate of 0.15 vvm. Also, the maximum total lipid content (23%) was recorded for N. oculata at a shaking speed of 200 rpm. The highest protein (49%) and carbohydrate (45%) contents were recorded for D salina and O. minuta at shaking speeds of 125 and 200 rpm, respectively. The higher proportions of protein and carbohydrate over lipid in all of the cultured microalgae species under the evaluated mechanical agitation conditions indicate that the microalgae species are better candidates for bioethanol production, and use as a protein source for animal feed, compared with biodiesel production.

The effect of temperature in moringa seed phytochemical compounds and carbohydrate mobilization

Temperature is one of the climatic factors that regulate seed biochemical compounds and plant physiological responses, mainly biosynthesis of carbohydrates and phytochemical compounds. This study investigated the effect of temperature on moringa seed phytochemicals’ compositional changes and their utilization during seed germination. Moringa seeds were subjected to three varying temperature regimes (30/20°C, 25/15°C, and 20/10°C) in germination chambers. Subsequently, the seeds were destructively sampled every 24h interval until radicle emergence and then freeze dried for analysis. Seed performance and spectrophotometric determination of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were carried out, while sugars were analyzed using HPLC-RID. Temperature had significant effect on speed of seed germination. Particularly, 30/20°C accelerated seed radicle emergence with germination occurring within 48h. Subsequently, germination was observed between 48h and 72h at 25/15°C and after 72h at 20/10°C. Similarly, temperature especially 30/20°C also significantly influenced the biosynthesis and accumulation of biochemical compounds in the seeds. Overall, temperature treatments of moringa seed resulted in significant differences in the rate of germination and biochemical changes, which are associated with various antioxidants and their mobilization.

The assessment of biochemical parameters with grapevine in correlation with organic fertilization of the soil

Maintaining and soil fertility improvement are important aims for grapevine growing, taking into account that, in most situations, this species are grown on poor nutritive soils. In these circumstances, efficient systems of fertilization, based on maximum utilization of organically fertilizers, are of present interest. The goal of this study is to explore the correlations between the type of organic fertilizer and grapevine performances expressed in accumulation of biochemical compounds which are involved in plant growth and development. The study was conducted with two grapevine cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Zweigelt used for high quality red wines production, from vineyards belonging to the N.R.D.I.B.H. Stefanesti – Arges.