Accumulated Work Experience Research Articles

Motivation, work experience, and teacher performance: A comparative study

This research study investigates the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee performance, with a specific focus on the moderating role of employees' work experience. This investigation utilizes a proposed framework, focusing on higher educational institutions in West Bengal, India. It contributes to the human resource management field by comparing teacher performance in private and government academic institutions based on their motivation levels. The study employs a quantitative approach, collecting data from 250 teachers in West Bengal, India, using a structured questionnaire. The dataset underwent analysis employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) due to its inherent capacity to accommodate smaller sample sizes while delivering precise and insightful outcomes. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and teacher performance in both types of institutions. Work experience moderates the connection between intrinsic motivation and performance in both sectors but has no significant impact on the relationship between extrinsic motivation and performance in private academic institutions. This study links a gap in the literature by empirically exploring the impact of teacher motivation on their performance and provides valuable insights into the complex interplay among motivation, work experience, and performance. Practically, it emphasizes the importance of employee motivation and accumulated work experience in enhancing performance. This study attempts to underscore the role of work experience as a moderating variable, thereby contributing to the novel discourse in the educational landscape of the post-pandemic era. The findings demand to identification of diverse organizational developmental drivers as work experience does not exhibit a strong mediation effect. However, limitations such as potential response bias should be considered in future research in this area.

Адаптация молодого учителя к профессиональной деятельности

The article deals with the issue of professional adaptation of young teachers, how exactly to socialize a young teacher in a team, establish relationships with students and parents, deal with conflict situations and succeed in educational activities. This article serves as a tool for reviewing and analyzing the opinions of students of pedagogical universities about the risks and benefits of the work of a young teacher. The purpose of the study: to identify the opinions of representatives of student youth, who are students of the pedagogical direction, in Moscow, on the adaptation of a young teacher to professional activities. The results of the focus group analysis made it possible to identify the main systems of ideas about the effective development of practical skills in a young teacher. They were active interaction with children and accumulated work experience. The participants noted that for the positive effect of learning, the “gamification” of the lesson is important, which implies an entertaining form of the lesson and the inclusion of interesting innovations. It was concluded that a young teacher often becomes a hostage to the subjective opinion of a more experienced teacher, but, on a par with this, such a concept as mentoring is also acceptable. The problem of relationships and mutual understanding on the part of the student, parent or team has led to a series of discussions about exactly how gossip about the incompetence of a young teacher is born and for what reason there are difficulties with such social adaptation. Only the teacher himself can dispel stereotypes, guided by ethics, norms of justice, knowledge, skills and despite the difficulties.

Getting a head start: capital inheritance and the labour market entry of Finnish business graduates

Previous studies have associated participation in higher education with the formation of middle-class advantages. Studies have shown that graduates from affluent family backgrounds gain more advantages from graduate degrees and secure better job opportunities than their less privileged counterparts. Drawing on the Bourdieusian framework, this study uses qualitative interview data (n = 29) to examine how recent business graduates mobilise economic, cultural and social capital for their entry into the Finnish labour market. The context of the Finnish welfare society brings novel insights to research on the inheritance of different forms of capital. Our findings reveal that although middle-class students do have a head start in entry to the graduate labour market, the Finnish society and higher education system even out social inequalities in graduate employment as working-class students may utilise institutional resources, socialise with peers and accumulate work experience to cross structural and dispositional barriers.

Dynamics of labor motivation of medical employees in the process of professional activities

The aim of the study is to study the structure and dynamics of changes in the labor motivation of medical workers at the stages of professional activity and to suggest ways to improve the labor motivation management system in a medical organization. Results. Based on the theoretical conclusions and the research conducted, recommendations were developed to improve the system for managing the labor motivation of the personnel of a medical organization, which, on the one hand, take into account the features of the motivational complex specific to each group of medical workers, and on the other hand, changes in the structure of motivation that occur as the acquisition of professional experience by specialists. Conclusion. The study showed that as medical workers accumulate work experience, their motivational spectrum shifts towards external motives, thus, their internal motivation decreases.

ANALYSIS OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALUMNI OF UIN RADEN FATAH PALEMBANG AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE CURRICULUM

Competition in the Global Era, which is currently getting tighter, demands every institution, especially Higher Education Institutions, to be able to produce alumni in accordance with the demands of the times. The orientation of learning outcomes in tertiary institutions is not seen from the scores obtained, but more than that it is expected that alumni who have graduated in tertiary institutions have the ability based on the internalization of knowledge, attitudes, skills, competencies and accumulated work experience. To find out and measure the quality of higher education institutions, one of which is tracing the tracks of alumni (Tracer Study). So that the evaluation of the competencies produced by higher education becomes an important thing to do so that the world of higher education is not separated and too far from the real world of work in society. To answer these challenges and needs, a library science study program based on KKNI was designed, 75% of which leads to practical work in the library to produce professional librarians. Based on the results of surveys and research, data shows that the waiting period for alumni is more than 50% under 6 months, even 27% of them have got a job before graduating. While the level of relevance / suitability of the course with the work of the alumni respondents, 81% answered very well.

The Relationship Between Female Labor Supply and Caregiving Over the Life Cycle

I examine the effects of caring for others on female labor supply over the life-cycle using a fixed effect model. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), which collects information about the care of each child during his first three years and the care provided to household members during a woman’s 50s. The NLSY79 data show that women’s labor supply drops around the time a child is born and then rises, with over 50 percent working by time their children reach age 2. In addition, these data show that during their 50s, about 9 percent of women provide care to someone living in their household and that these female caregivers spend about 40 hours per week providing care. Time spent in caregiving may affect time in the labor force, and hence the ability to invest in a career and accumulate work experience and wage growth.

Commentary: COVID‐19 Pandemic and Higher Education: International Mobility and Students’ Social Protection

Commentary: COVID‐19 Pandemic and Higher Education: International Mobility and Students’ Social Protection

RESEARCH OF POPULATION'S SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: GENERAL AND PRIVATE PROBLEMS

The article attempts to critically comprehend the new tools of state regulation of self-employment of the population. The relevance of the issues under consideration is due to the fact that the segment of self-employment of the population belongs to the poorly stud-ied aspects of social and labor relations in the Russian Federation. Often this type of em-ployment falls into the "gray", informal zone of the economy of the national economy, this form is mainly used as an additional source of income. Interest in the discussion on this issue in the context of the unstable situation in the state, the coronavirus pandemic, has only grown. The ability to legally work in the status of "self-employed", on the one hand, reduces the risk of income reduction for the population, the risk of penalties, on the other hand – increases the social insecurity of citizens. Self-employed people are denied the status of unemployed and, accordingly, unemployment benefits, and do not accumulate work experience for pension accrual. The main results of the authors’ research are sum-marized in the first results of the pilot projects on regulating self-employment of Russian citizens, highlighting two aspects – "shadow" and female self-employment. The article assesses the impact of the new rules on the regulation of self-employment on the statisti-cal indicators of registration of citizens as" self-employed"; gender features in the structure of self-employment by industry, by type of economic activity are identified. The authors identify the opportunities and risks of participants in economic and legal relations (the state, women and society) in the "shadow" self-employment and its legalization; they offer recommendations for improving the process of registering self-employment based on a motivational approach.

Models of Almaty museums and their role in preserving and broadcasting the cultural heritage of the people

One of the urgent tasks of cultural research is the definition of models of museums for the preservationof cultural heritage in modern Kazakhstan society. This theoretical and methodological taskbecomes especially biased in the face of the manifestation of negative methods and forms of oblivion,blurring and deformation, critical denial of historical and cultural memory, which are observed in somecountries with respect to a number of historical events of the 20th century, and attempts to reinterpretthem.In this article, the authors set the task of substantiating museum models in preserving and broadcastingthe cultural heritage of the people as an institutionalized form of historical and cultural memory. Theneed for cultural studies of this theoretical task is due to many sociocultural factors. Among them, thecomplex process of modernization of Kazakhstan society should be noted. In this regard, studying themodels of the Almaty museums and their role in preserving the cultural memory of the people, understandingthe accumulated work experience becomes an engaged task, since in the conditions of modernizationof Kazakhstan society and the actualization of the role of multimedia technologies, it is necessaryto determine the ways of presenting the domestic cultural heritage and domain in a new format.Key words: cultural heritage, cultural memory, historical memory, museum, Almaty museum, museumbusiness, museum functions, museum models.

Learning from experience – a probe into the off-campus internships under the five-year cosmetology technical and vocational education program

PurposeThis paper aims to probe into the implementation of internship courses under the five-year cosmetology program in Taiwan from the perspective of Dewey's philosophies in hopes that the analysis can serve as reference for schools in planning their internship courses in the future.Design/methodology/approachThis paper probes into the off-campus internship courses under Taiwan's five-year junior college education program by applying Dewey's empirical philosophy.FindingsThe study aims to understand the learning experience acquired by students from learning by doing internship courses as reference for future internship design. The current internship courses comprise the follows: summer, during the semester and for a full academic year. The experience of summer internship is career exploration, the experience for semester internship is career experience and the experience from academic-year internship is career choice. The internship strategies are designed according to the three different internship approaches, so that the internship courses can implement the educational effect of “learning from experience”.Practical implicationsTo minimize the discrepancy between the cosmetology program under the five-year junior college education and the employment market, credit-based off-campus internship courses are arranged for students' final years at school.Social implicationsThrough on-site trainings, students accumulate work experience and explore into a related career field. The accumulation of experience and gaining of insights mirror the philosophy of learning by doing, which involves students' reflective thinking.Originality/valueIt is hoped that the analysis can serve as reference for internship courses planning in the future.

Relevansi Kurikulum PGMI Terhadap Capaian Pembelajaran Mahasiswa PGMI IAIN Metro

Learning Outcomes (CP) are defined as abilities acquired through internalizing knowledge of attitudes, skills, competencies, and accumulated work experience. Learning Outcomes (CP) is a measure of what someone gets in completing the learning process both structurally and unstructured. Determination of learning outcomes must refer to three references / documents; namely KKNI, SNPT and SNPG. Furthermore, the formulation of learning outcomes is described in the Graduate Standards of Competency (SKL) which are expressed in four elements, namely: Attitudes, general skills, knowledge and special skills.This study aims to determine the relevance of the PGMI curriculum to the achievements of IAIN Metro student learning. The qualitative research is a type of library research. Techniques for collecting data through documentation, interviews and observation. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed by qualitative descriptive techniques.Learning Outcomes in the curriculum of the PGMI IAIN Metro department in accordance with the provisions of KKNI, SNPT and SNPG are as follows; The four elements of graduation standards that must be mastered by students of the PGMI IAIN Metro are elements of attitude that are internalized during the learning process, elements of general skills are the ability to become teachers in general, the element of knowledge is in-depth knowledge in education, psychology and teaching and special skills that is ; the ability of graduates of study programs according to the field of science / expertise in this case is as a class teacher in SD / MI.

Does experience stimulate or stifle creativity?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore if experience stimulates or stifles creativity. It shows that accumulation of work experience improves an individual’s judgment and reduces divergent thinking of creativity.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the factors influencing individual creativity, including the impact of work experience, using 509 responses to questionnaires from 500 top construction companies. The research hypothesis is evaluated using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe main factors affecting individual creativity are a positive mind-set, self-directed learning, and low self-monitoring. Self-directed learning has the greatest influence on the creativity of individuals with accumulated work experience, while low self-monitoring influences the creativity of people with less work experience.Research limitations/implicationsA better way to study individual creativity is longitudinal research, which involves long-time observation of the life cycle of creativity among organizational members, who are like products with a life cycle. Further study is necessary to show why some members are creative only for a short time (short life cycle) while some are creative for a longer (very long life cycle) period.Originality/valueThis study finds that employee creativity derives from the self-directed learning process as it helps to accumulate experience. This result indicates that construction firms can train employees to improve their self-directed learning and boost creativity. Experienced workers need more attention because they are trapped in their previous experience and it is difficult to train them.

Local Labour Market Conditions on Immigrants' Arrival and Children's School Performance

In this paper we analyse the impact of labour market conditions at immigration on school performance for the immigrants' children. First, we establish the direct effect of initial labour market conditions on later labour market performance for the father. Along with several other studies in this field we find that later labour market performance of the father (measured by labour earnings and accumulated work experience) depend significantly initial labour market conditions. Second, we find evidence that this initial effect feeds into the children's school performance. Concretely, for the sons, we find a positive impact of initial favourable labour market conditions of the father on the grade point average in lower secondary school. Daughters' school performance seems to be unrelated to the same initial labour market conditions.

Comprehensive integration as an effective way of training future designers at technical universities (Integration as a way of training a designer)

The article deals with the possibilities of comprehensive integration as a way to upgrade the professional training of designers. The authors see a means of resolving some problems of design education in it. To realize this goal, a prognostic model was developed, linking all the components: the content, methodology of the teacher's work, and student activities. This model was built on the basis of data obtained in the process of studying the activities of design practitioners, for which a survey was carried out and an interview was held with each of them. Particular attention was paid to the difficulties experienced by young designers in the first years of their work, as well as experienced professionals, watching their young colleagues' activities. The authors propose to use both 'vertical' and 'horizontal' integration in the learning process, since each has its own advantages. In this case, the formation of future designers' necessary competences is completely ensured, which should be manifested in a holistic and flexible thinking capable of solving design problems of any complexity level. To check the availability of such thinking, a special task was developed in the field of environmental design. Students designed the product from construction waste, thereby solving the actual problem of recycling and reuse of old materials. The purpose of this article is the authors' desire to share their accumulated work experience, to give the pedagogical community the opportunity to discuss the results obtained for the further implementation of the integrative approach in the professional training of future designers.

Job mismatch in early career of graduates under post-communism

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate vertical and horizontal mismatch between education and current occupation for graduates in four post-communist societies: Hungary, Poland, Lithuania and Slovenia. In this way it contributes to the field by exploring how mechanisms, known from previous studies on western societies, affect job mismatch in emerging market economies.Design/methodology/approach– Two dependent variables are constructed: working in a non-graduate occupation as defined by the ISCO job title depicts vertical mismatch; assessment of the job from the perspective of the fields of study describes horizontal mismatch. Since the dependent variables are dichotomous ones, binary logistic regression models are fitted to the data predicting the incidence of mismatch. Explanatory variables cover mechanisms affecting job mismatch: variation by fields of studies, accumulated work experience during studies, labour market uncertainties during early career, trade off between job safety and job mismatch, persistence of “bad” labour market entry during early career, influence of parental background on school-to-work transition.Findings– The analysis reveals significant differences for study fields in association with occupational specificity of the disciplines. Only study-related work experience seems to be advantageous to find a matching job. Labour market uncertainties increase the probability of job mismatch. Job safety is more important than a matching job.Originality/value– Mismatch in first occupation has strong and long-lasting effect on the job match even five years after the graduation. The effect of parental background on job mismatch is curvilinear.

Teacher Careers and Inhabited Institutions: Sense‐Making and Arsenals of Teaching Practice in Educational Institutions

This article advances emerging scholarship that emphasizes the benefits to new institutional theories of organizational functioning offered by empirical research rooted in the tradition of symbolic interactionism. I present evidence from in‐depth interviews with teachers from three high schools to show how individuals' perspectives about pursuing institutional goals are filtered through their accumulated experience working within those institutions. Findings show teachers develop what I call “arsenals of teaching practice” as they accumulate work experience, and this process creates a key source of difference by career stage among teachers that shapes their instructional decisions. I discuss implications for understanding the relationship between policy and practice, and extend existing theory of inhabited institutions by identifying a key way that people's sense‐making through experience drives institutional functioning.

DEVELOPING EXECUTIVE LEADERS: THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF COGNITIVE ABILITY, PERSONALITY, AND THE ACCUMULATION OF WORK EXPERIENCE IN PREDICTING STRATEGIC THINKING COMPETENCY

We conceptually define and empirically investigate the accumulation of work experience—a concept that refers to the extent to which executives have amassed varied levels of roles and responsibilities (i.e., contributor, manager, lead strategist) in each of the key work activities that they have encountered over the course of their careers. In studying executives’ work experience accumulation, we consider key antecedents such as executives’ cognitive ability and personality traits, namely Extraversion and Openness to Experience, and examine the value of work experience accumulation on executives’ strategic thinking competency. Analyses of multisource data from 703 executives revealed 3 key findings: (a) accumulated work experience positively relates to executives’ strategic thinking competency after controlling for individual characteristics and other measures of work experience; (b) executives’ cognitive ability demonstrates the strongest and most positive relationship to executives’ strategic thinking competency; and (c) extraverted executives tend to achieve higher levels of work experience accumulation. Relative weight analyses also indicated that cognitive ability and accumulated work experience are the 2 most important predictors for executives’ strategic thinking competency among the other predictors. These findings are discussed in light of their practical implications.

Construction of and attributional differences in nurses' perceptions of the initial experience of pediatric nursing practice

Objective : The objective was to evaluate registered nurses' perceptions of their initial experience in pediatric nursing practice.Methods : The participants were 459 registered nurses with at least 2 years' experience of pediatric nursing. They completed anonymous questionnaires related to their perceptions of the initial experience of pediatric nursing, as well as their self-actualization as a nurse and professionalism. Valid replies (n=226) were analyzed.Results : Nurses' perceptions of their initial experience of pediatric nursing comprised 2 factors, “professional development as a pediatric nurse” and “capacity to work”. Nurses who had an interest in children, had more than 6 years' pediatric nursing experience, worked in an outpatient setting or where all patients were children, and wished to continue developing their pediatric nursing experience scored highly on “professional development as a pediatric nurse”. Nurses who worked in environments where they were dealing only with child patients and those who expressed a desire to gain pediatric nursing experience in the future scored highly on “capacity to work”.Conclusions : In the initial stage of employment in pediatric nursing, nurses perceive that their “professional development as a pediatric nurse” is heightened through accumulation of experience in pediatric nursing. Furthermore, it seems that positive engagement in shaping workplace systems to accumulate work experience raised “capacity to work” among pediatric nurses.

Immigrants in Denmark: Access to Employment, Class Attainment and Earnings in a High‐Skilled Economy

AbstractThis study examines employment access, class attainment, and earnings among native‐born and first‐generation immigrants in Denmark using Danish administrative data from 2002. Results suggest large gaps in employment access between native‐born Danes and immigrants, as well as among immigrant groups by country of origin and time of arrival. Non‐Western immigrants and those arriving after 1984 are at a particular disadvantage compared to other immigrants, a finding not explained by education differences. Immigrants are more likely to be employed in unskilled manual jobs and less likely to be employed in professional and intermediate‐level positions than native‐born Danes, although the likelihood of obtaining higher‐level positions increases as immigrants’ time in Denmark lengthens. Class attainment and accumulated work experience explain a significant portion of native‐immigrant gaps in earnings, but work experience reduces native‐immigrant gaps in class attainment for lower‐level positions only. The Danish “flexicurity” model and its implications for immigrants living in Denmark are discussed.

Qualifications, discrimination, or assimilation? An extended framework for analysing immigrant wage gaps

In this paper, we analyze immigrant wage gaps and propose an extension of the traditional wage decomposition technique, which is a synthesis from two strains of literature on ethnic/immigrant wage differences, namely the ‘assimilation literature’ and the ‘discrimination literature’. We estimate separate wage equations for natives and a number of immigrant groups using panel data sample selection models. Based on the estimations, we find that the immigrant wage gap is caused by a lack of qualifications and incomplete assimilation, and that a large fraction of that gap would disappear if only immigrants could find employment and thus accumulate work experience.