Accrual-based Financial Statements Research Articles

The Influence of SAK EMKM Socialization, Accounting Understanding and Education Level on the Implementation of SAK EMKM (In MSMEs in Cinambo District, Bandung City)

Definitely there are several roles played by MSMEs in driving economic growth and development throughout the country. With this being the case, financial reporting and funding challenges often plague these firms. These challenges must be resolved to achieve anything. Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities primary aim is to make accrual-based financial statements simpler and improve bank borrowing. Despite its benefits, Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities has not been implemented often, especially in Cinambo District, Bandung City. The inadequate training on how to deal with people, failure to understand business language and general lack of knowledge by small scale business operators are some of the reasons why this is happening. Several studies have found that accounting literacy is a significant determinant for the adoption of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities. Objectives are set using research methods to address problems. This study uses quantitative research methodologies: descriptive and verification techniques in analyzing factors affecting the application of Simplified Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities) in Cinambo District, Bandung City, Indonesia. The appraisal of regression analysis involves an assessment of dependability, typicality, hetroscedasticity, the F test and finally the t-test. As shown by two Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.740 and 0.901, a reliability assessment demonstrates that there is satisfactory internal consistency for this measurement instrument. The test for normality indicates that it does exist. Heteroscedasticity shows no trend in the distribution of data sets. The high F value (14.811) and low significance (0.000) of the F test show that the regression model is significant. The t test shows that the variables "Socialisation of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities" and "Accounting Understanding" are considerably affecting the variable "Application of Financial Accounting standars for micro, smalls and mediums-sized entities," whereas the variable "Education Level" has a less strong one.

Refleksi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah dalam Manifestasi Good Governance

This study aims to understand the implementation of government accounting standards in realizing good governance in Gunung Anyar District, Surabaya in terms of human resource competence. The research material consists of the characteristics of accrual-based financial statements, as well as the principles of good governance. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation studies. There were three informants selected, namely the sub-district head, the general and staffing section, and the finance section. An interpretive approach is used to describe a deep understanding of the process of government accounting standards in terms of the competence of its human resources to realize good governance in Gunung Anyar District, Surabaya. The results of this study are that in general accrual basis government accounting standards have been carried out well although in some cases further improvements and improvements are needed. The educational background of the human resources who carry out the accrual basis process, namely the KA Sub Division of Finance, is not appropriate, and it can be said that transparency is due to the fact that financial performance can be accessed via the internet. So that the public knows clearly about the financial statements.

Participatory Budgeting and Fiscal Transparency of Local Governments : Moderating Effect of Political Competition

The goal of allowing citizens to participate in local government’s decision-making process is to enhance fiscal transparency and accountability. Under the accrual-based accounting system, however, mayors of local governments have substantial discretion in estimating accounting numbers, as well as political incentives to manage performance in order to appease voters. Accordingly, such participation may fail to achieve its intended objective. Utilizing a unique dataset of 220 Korean local governments’ accrual-based financial statements for 2015-2018, we examine the effect of citizens’ participation in the budgeting process on financial reporting quality and how the effect varies with political competition in local municipalities. We first do not find any significant association between the level of participatory budgeting institutions and financial reporting quality measured by the allowances for uncollectible taxes. This finding is consistent with the countervailing effects involved in the participatory budgeting system (i.e., citizens’ enhanced access to accounting information versus mayors’ opportunistic incentives). However, we find that this relation hinges on the level of municipal political competition, captured by the gap in votes obtained by the incumbent mayor and the second-place candidate in the election. The relation becomes significantly positive when political competition is weaker. This evidence implies that mayors’ political incentives and concerns about re-election dominate the monitoring role of citizen councilors, consequently reducing fiscal transparency. Overall, our results suggest that political competition dampens the positive effect of participatory budgeting on the financial reporting quality of local governments.

Pidie Regency Government Agencies, the Application of Government Accounting to the Acquisition of "Unqualified (WTP)" Status has been Approved for the 2015-2020 Period (According to Government Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 13 Year 2006)

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the Pidie District Government's strategy for retaining WTP opinions on accrual-based financial statements. The descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study, along with a case study method and data collection via interviews. The study's findings indicated that the financial statements used to maintain the WTP opinion were prepared using a variety of methods, including increased commitment between leaders and their subordinates, improved management of regional property and receivables, increased the quality of human resources, team formation, improved information technology, and increased the inspectorate's role as an auditor. Obstacles to retaining the WTP's viewpoint include inefficient SIAP applications and job transfers.

A contingency theory perspective on the analysis of central government accounting disclosure under International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of central government financial information disclosed in accordance with accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and to investigate the environmental factors affecting this level, drawing on the contingency theory framework. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a self-constructed checklist of 116 items to measure the IPSAS disclosure level by 100 public sector entities from different countries across the globe during the period 2015–2017. Panel regressions have been used. Findings The results show significant differences in compliance levels with IPSAS disclosures across nations. They reveal a positive influence of the degree of government openness (political culture), quality of public administration and management and prior experience with International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the public sector on this level, whereas government financial condition is a nonsignificant factor. Practical implications The research findings are potentially relevant to academics, researchers, practitioners, standard-setters and government policymakers. By examining the influencing factors of IPSAS disclosure level, this paper paves the way for further investigation of this topic with a more extensive set of micro and macroeconomic variables whether at the central or local government level in other jurisdictions Originality/value This study provides new insights into the assessment of the transparency and completeness of government accrual-based financial statements. Based on the contingency theory, this paper is the first to empirically investigate the factors affecting the level of disclosure under accrual-based IPSAS by central government entities in a cross-country analysis.

The Application of Accounting Standards in Government Accounting Accrual Basis: Health Laboratory Center for Makassar

The purpose of this study was to analyze the constraints in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis as well as to analyze the efforts made to overcome the existing obstacles in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis. The Indonesian Governmental Accounting Standards Committee (KSAP) has compiled the Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual established by Government Regulation Number. 64 of 2013 replacing by the Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010. With the enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 of 2013, the application of accrual-based government accounting standards already have a legal basis. The enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 Year 2013 on Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis brought major changes in the financial reporting system in Indonesia, which is a change from Cash Basis Accrual Basis Full towards the recognition of government financial transactions. Health laboratory center for Makassar has implemented Cash to Accrual (CTA) in 2011 until 2013.Implemented government accounting standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis in the accrual-based financial statements in 2014 is a qualified opinion (WDP ) acquired by the Health laboratory center for Makassar on The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia (BPK) audit report on the financial statements 2016 illustrate unmet reasonable levels of information presented for a particular item. From the research will be found two (2) factors; Regional Working Unit (SKPD) Health Laboratory Center for Makassar obstacles encountered in implementing accrual-based government accounting system (SAP), human resources financial managers, and human resource asset managers who often alternated. In this study, researchers found the effort / solution by the Health Laboratory Center for Makassar on obstacles in implementing accrual-based SAP in the preparation of financial statements, namely: education and training.

PENGGUNAAN BASIS AKRUAL DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN WATAMPONE

Research aims to determine the use of the accrual base in the financial statements of Watampone District government. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The research object is located in the research location of the Office of Financial management and regional assets. While the time of this research will be implemented for 2 (two) months. The types of data used in this research are qualitative data, while the source of data obtained in this research is a secondary source. The results of this study show that the financial management apparatus in Bone District government has been aware of the accounting of the accrual base government like what. Government strategy in applying accounting base accrual has been running well in the district of BPKAD Bone and one of the constraints of the preparation of the accrual-based financial statements that are still turtles

Determinan penerapan basis akrual secara penuh pada pemerintah daerah

This research meant to obtain a description on how much was the influence of the Indonesian’s Local Governments forwardness on the accrual-based Government Accounting System implementation to the quality of Local Government Financial Statements at the early stage of accrual basis execution in 2015. This research develops data from the Indonesian State Audit Institution’s Performance Audit Report on the Local Governments' Efforts in Implementing the Accrual-Based Government Accounting System by using three variables namely the commitment on regulation and policy; the Human Resource Management (HRM) in financial, assets, and Information Technology (IT); and the IT governance. Subsequently, examines the influence of those variables on the quality of 2015 Local Governments' Financial Statements. The results of this study indicate that the human resources on financial, asset and IT management have a positive influence on the quality of the accrual-based Local Governments' Financial Statements. Conversely, the commitment to regulation and policies and the IT management did not have a sufficient effect on the improvement of the accrual-based Local Governments' Financial Statements quality. Thus, this research provides a recommendation for Local Governments, especially for those who have not achieved unqualified opinion, to improve their HRM in financial, asset and IT management in the benefit of escalating their accrual-based financial statements quality.

Understanding Factors Affecting Local Administration Reform on Accrual-Based Financial Statements

<p>This study is set out to analyze the understanding of local government officials on the accrual-based financial statements. The analyses are performed on the effects of training, education, working experience, and the quality of information technology to comprehending accrual-based financial statements. Furthermore, the data are collected using questionnaires, and distributed to all officials responsible for financial statements and financial administration officials in all working units (SKPD) in Probolinggo Municipality, and the used samples are 57 respondents. Data analysis method is double regression. The result of this study indicates that the training and working experience positively influences on the comprehension of accrual-based financial statements. The quality of education and information technology do not bring a pass to the understanding of accrual-based financial statements.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>: Accrual-based financial statements understanding, education, information technology quality, training, work experience</p>

Stakeholder demand for accounting quality and economic usefulness of accounting in U.S. private firms

For some privately-held firms, the costs of providing high-quality accrual-based financial statements may outweigh the benefits of accommodating the demands of their stakeholders who may rely more on cash flows or have direct access to management. For other private firms, greater stakeholder demand for their financial information necessitates them providing higher-quality accounting. Using a large sample of U.S. private firms, we first confirm that accrual quality in private firms is associated with the ability of accruals to predict future cash flows. Next, we predict and find that accrual quality increases with the demand for monitoring by equity investors, lenders, and suppliers. Overall, our evidence suggests that accrual quality of private U.S. firms is useful, has economic consequences, and varies predictably with certain firm characteristics.

Public Financial Management Systems and Countries' Governance: A Cross-Country Study

The objective of this study is to explore whether a relationship exists between public financial management (PFM) systems and expert perceptions of countries' governance in an international cross-country study. We examine the extent to which variations in accounting, budgeting and auditing practices are associated with governance in a sample of 97 countries that represent different levels of development, analysing the differences between countries classified into factor, efficiency and innovation-driven economies. Our concept of governance perception includes three dimensions: accountability, government effectiveness and corruption. We find that countries with a higher level of economic development show, on average, more sophisticated PFM systems characterized by the presentation of accrual-based financial statements, the application of value for money audits and higher budget transparency. When analysing the sub-samples of countries according to the level of economic development, we find that countries with similar governance perception scores show different patterns of PFM practices, suggesting that there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Stakeholder Demand for Accounting Quality and Economic Usefulness of Accounting in U.S. Private Firms

For some privately-held firms, the costs of providing high-quality accrual-based financial statements may outweigh the benefits of accommodating the demands of their stakeholders who may rely more on cash flows or have direct access to management. For other private firms, greater stakeholder demand for their financial information necessitates them providing higher-quality accounting. Using a large sample of U.S. private firms, we first confirm that accrual quality in private firms is associated with the ability of accruals to predict future cash flows. Next, we predict and find that accrual quality increases with the demand for monitoring by equity investors, lenders, and suppliers. Overall, our evidence suggests that accrual quality of private U.S. firms is useful, has economic consequences, and varies predictably with certain firm characteristics.

The Demand for Financial Statements in an Unregulated Environment: an Examination of the Production and Use of Financial Statements By Privately-Held Small Businesses

We examine the financial reporting practices of small privately-held businesses that are not subject to SEC regulation. Specifically, we determine the factors associated with the production and use of financial statements for firms who have discretion in the preparation of financial statements and who do not face the demands of public equity markets. In addition, for firms that prepare financial statements, we determine the factors associated with the sophistication of the financial statements in terms of whether the financials are compiled, reviewed, and/or audited by a professional accountant and whether the firm produces accrual-based financial statements. Finally, we examine the potential benefits afforded firms producing financial statements, having audited financial statements, and having accrual-based financial statements. We find that firms with audited financial statements benefit in the form of greater access to credit and that firms with accrual-based financial statements benefit in the form of a lower cost of credit.

The Demand for Financial Statements in an Unregulated Environment: An Examination of the Production and Use of Financial Statements by Privately Held Small Businesses

ABSTRACT: We examine the financial reporting practices of small privately held businesses that are not subject to SEC regulation. Specifically, we determine the factors associated with the production and use of financial statements for firms that have discretion in the preparation of financial statements and do not face the demands of public equity markets. In addition, for firms that prepare financial statements, we determine the factors associated with the sophistication of the financial statements in terms of whether the financials are compiled, reviewed, and/or audited by a professional accountant and whether the firm produces accrual-based financial statements. Finally, we examine the potential benefits afforded firms producing financial statements, having audited financial statements, and having accrual-based financial statements. We find that firms with audited financial statements benefit in the form of greater access to credit and that firms with accrual-based financial statements benefit in the form of a lower cost of credit.

Reporting public sector financial results

Part of the process of recent public sector reform has involved replacing traditional cashbased accounts with accrual-based financial statements, similar to those found in the private sector. This article examines the use of accrual-based accounting in the public sector and provides examples from the UK National Health Service of situations where the accruals system may be deemed inappropriate. It shows that one possible response is to withdraw from the accruals mode and revert to cash measures, deeming the accruals adjustments to be ‘merely technical’. An alternative response is to change the mode of operating so that the cash impact of a transaction matches its accruals reporting impact. The conclusion is that there are modifications to public sector accounting practices away from those of the private sector that undermine the metaphor of running the public sector ‘like a business’.