Business Accounting Research Articles

Environmental Management Accounting Practices: The Use, Motivations and Barriers for Large Manufacturing Firms in Lower Northern Provinces Group I, Thailand

This work studies environmental management accounting practice (EMAP) that enterprises apply to ensure the prevention of environmental damage caused by their daily operational activities, including motivations and barriers to adoption. A descriptive study was performed in 10 large manufacturing enterprises in the lower northern provinces group I Thailand via semi-structured interviews and in-depth qualitative interviews with manager/ owner. The result shows that half of the enterprises have implemented EMAP as a requirement for qualifying for ISO 14001 certification. The rest only prepare internal reports for planning, controlling and making operational decisions related to environmental information. The result also indicates that strict legislation, integrating environment into corporate strategy, and sufficient resources play a vital role in EMAP adoption. In addition, this study indicates that the key barriers limiting the implementation of EMAP are lack of resources, knowledge/ expertise/ guidance, and internal difficulties, respectively. This study gives contributions to the government, managers and relevant authorities by providing useful information on the motivations and barriers influencing EMAP adoption, which can help them to establish policy in the field of environmental management. Furthermore, it suggests that managers value EMAP for internal management not only for improvement of environmental performance but also increasing the role of accounting in business.

The Impact of the Adoption of FAS 14/2022 on Business Accounting Processes

The Impact of the Adoption of FAS 14/2022 on Business Accounting Processes

Business strategies to counter climate change risks to long lived production assets

The business community is concerned about how to account for long-lived production assets in an era of climate change. Globally, accounting standards and guidance are emerging but these are yet to provide the level of clarity required by the business and accounting profession on the uncertainty of future climate and how this can compromise some long-lived assets. Very few organisations have the necessary expertise and data to integrate climate change scenarios into their long-lived production asset accounting. This poses an additional risk to business and society. We explore different approaches for including risk and uncertainty in business accounting and reporting. Seven desk-based case studies of emerging practice in the food sector demonstrate how these varied climate risk and uncertainty models for infrastructure are being deployed around the world. Through review of data from company annual reports, documents and websites from 2021 to 2023, we find that specific climate-impacted long-lived asset accounting is relatively rare, notwithstanding that risk and uncertainty models are in effective use in other emerging areas. We provide recommendations on the development of data and modelling frameworks for climate-related financial data and an improved accounting discipline for climate-related financial impacts.

Environmental Accounting and Sustainability: Bibliometric Analysis and Documentary Review of Scientific Production, Period 2015-2024

The purpose was to describe global scientific and literary outputs, on different aspects around environmental accounting (EA) and sustainability in environmental, business and policy domains, between 2015 and 2024. This was achieved through a quantitative characterization of publications. The methodology used took as referent aspects for the analysis: focus, units, topics, country, authorship, citations and journals, these a descriptive and reflexive documentary study of the scientific literature, based on the collection of papers in Scopus and the use of VOSviewer. The materials were selected according to various criteria, including keywords such as "environmental accounting" and "sustainability", limited to fields such as: business, management and accounting, during the period from 2015 to 2024. The result included the identification of 54 texts, with the years with the highest number of publications being 2015 with 25.8% and 2018 with 19.7% of the total number of documents. Regarding the approaches, a predominant orientation towards the qualitative paradigm was observed, with 70%, compared to the quantitative one, with 32%. The most common types were exploratory (65%), descriptive (20%) and correlational (3%). As for the units, the majority focused on inquiries in companies with 52%, divided between large companies (57%) and MSMEs (11%). In turn, the sectors most frequently observed were tertiary (48%), followed by secondary (34%) and primary (2%). The origin of most of the studies was the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Italy. Finally, the limitations found were mainly related to the methodological approach, the inclusion of only one database, which could have excluded relevant studies not indexed in this one.

Business accounting and information support through the QR- coding system

Business accounting and information support through the QR- coding system

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 2.0: Account of Business and Financial Risk

The famous Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), widely used in practice, takes into account only the business risk associated with investments in a specific company [not the entire market (or industry)]. In practice, most listing companies use debt financing and operate at a non-zero leverage level. This means that the financial risk associated with the use of debt financing, along with business risk, must be taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to simultaneously account for business and financial risk. We combined the CAPM theory and the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theory, which is the perpetual limit of the BFO (Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova) theory. The article shows that R. Hamada’s attempt to take into account both business and financial risks has proved unsustainable, and the formulas he obtained, widely used in practice, are incorrect. The paper outlines the correct formulae that made it possible to generalize CAPM for the first time, taking into account both business and financial risk. The application of the new CAPM 2.0 model to a number of companies is considered and the difference between the results obtained within the framework of CAPM 2.0 and CAPM is demonstrated. CAPM is one of the main models [along with APT (arbitrage pricing theory) and WACC] within the income approach to business valuation. This significantly increases the value of the developed CAPM 2.0 approach, which can significantly improve the accuracy of the assessment.

Entrepreneurship training and assistance for group businesses in Karangploso District, Malang Regency

BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprises) and KWT (Women's Farmers' Groups) in villages play a crucial role in fostering rural economic growth. Therefore, it is essential to bolster the entrepreneurial spirit among members of these groups. Community service activities conducted in Karangploso District, Malang Regency, aim to enhance the management capacity of BUMDes and KWT through training and mentoring approaches. The training targeted the chairpersons of BUMDes in Bocek Village and the leaders of KWT from all villages in Karangploso District. Training materials covered entrepreneurial motivation, business management, and product marketing. Post-training support was provided through the establishment of a social media group for consultation and discussion on group business activities. Topics included initiating new businesses, digital marketing, and business accounting. Ongoing mentoring activities were facilitated through social media and site visits as necessary. The outcome of this training and mentoring initiative was an increase in entrepreneurial motivation among participants. This heightened motivation translated into proactive identification and pursuit of business opportunities, generation of new product or service ideas, and enhanced participation in developing skills and knowledge related to business management, marketing, and finance.

КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНІСТЬ БІЗНЕСУ ТА ЗВО ЗАДЛЯ АДАПТАЦІЇ ВЕТЕРАНІВ ВІЙНИ У СУСПІЛЬСТВО ДОБРОБУТУ

The paper synthesizes scientific and methodological approaches to the complementarity of business and higher education institutions (HEIs). The purpose of the article is to investigate the components of business and higher education institution (HEI) complementarity regarding the adaptation of war veterans to the digital society on the principles of sustainable development. The objective of the article will be achieved through the implementation of a series of tasks. These include establishing the essence of sustainable society and its significance for social welfare, defining the essence of business and HEI complementarity, and the principles of image-building policies for HEIs and businesses. It presents the author's understanding of complementarity processes, which are based on the form of institutional interaction that achieves overall effectiveness of components through synergy. Complementarity is achieved by prioritizing societal interests over individual ones. The paper argues that complementarity should ensure social justice, the development of social and environmental programs, the provision of free education to vulnerable populations, and business accountability for social responsibility. It is substantiated that the number of war veterans in Ukraine is increasing annually. They require protection, face challenges in finding employment, and encounter societal misunderstanding. Therefore, the article addresses the important issue of war veterans' adaptation to society's welfare. The main elements of business and HEI complementarity are discussed. It is demonstrated that adherence to complementarity leads to the integration of the educational and business spheres with society, fostering harmonious interaction and symbiosis. It is noted that image-building is fundamental to achieving common goals and aligning community interests in a welfare society. The disclosure of the interaction between business and higher education institutions (HEIs) on the basis of complementarity is grounded on the perception of the interdependence between business and education in terms of war veterans' adaptation. Such a symbiosis characterizes the effectiveness of achieving tasks related to improving the adaptation of war veterans. Only a complementary approach fosters the harmonious functioning of business and HEIs, their ecological, economic, and social orientation. In other words, the complementarity of business and education reveals the integration of the educational and business spheres with society, their harmonious interaction, and symbiosis. This will contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals and shape a welfare society.

Pressures to breach accounting ethics principles and job satisfaction of accountants

Purpose: The main objective of our study is to determine the levels of pressure to breach accounting ethics principles that professional accountants in business are exposed to. This research aims to explore accountants' intention to quit the profession due to ethics-related pressures. In addition, we analysed the effect of pressure due to conflicts of interest on job satisfaction. Methodology/approach: This study is based on a survey. The research instrument was an online questionnaire addressed to professional accountants in business. The collected primary data was statistically analysed. We performed the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to verify the hypotheses. Findings: Our evidence suggests that accountants in Croatia most frequently face the pressure to perform without expertise or due care. The intention to quit the accounting profession is related to the frequency of exposure to pressures regarding the preparation and presentation of accounting information, inducements, and non-compliance with the laws and regulations. The pressure due to the conflicts of interest has a negative impact on job satisfaction with the nature of the work, top management, co-workers, and supervision. Research limitations/implications: This evidence is provided for a relatively small sample of Croatian accountants (N = 85), which could be considered a limitation of our study. Never-theless, our study has important implications for future research that should explore in depth various factors that induce the pressures to breach accounting ethics principles. Originality/value: Our findings fill an important gap in research into job satisfaction and accounting ethics. Since the ethics-related pressures that accountants face have been poorly examined, this paper has made a significant contribution to accounting ethics literature.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTING HYDROPONIC VEGETABLES AND PRODUCTS THROUGH INSTAGRAM WITH BRAND AWARENESS AS A MODERATING VARIABLE AT PT. KEBUN SAYUR

PT. Kebunsayur Surabaya promotes hydroponic vegetables and processed products on Instagram but has yet to achieve widespread reach. Popular posts based on monthly reports only get 29 likes; this figure is relatively low for a business account. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media Instagram @kebunsayursurabaya using the EPIC Model and analyze the influence of promotional effectiveness on the volume of consumer purchases of vegetables and hydroponic preparations moderated by brand awareness. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS), especially with the WarpPLS 8.0 program. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire with a sample of 55 respondents taken using techniques non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The research results show that the promotion of Kebunsayur Surabaya via Instagram is very effective, with a value of 4.39. The effectiveness of the promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchase volume with a path coefficient value of 0,454 and brand awareness moderates the effectiveness of promotion on purchase volume positively and significantly with a path coefficient value of 0,223

Accounting Systematization in Commercial Enterprises: A Literature Review

This research focused on analyzing the transformation and adaptation of accounting systems in commercial enterprises through a detailed review of existing literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: A rigorous methodology of bibliographic inquiry was adopted, complemented by advanced techniques of document analysis, focusing on an exhaustive and coherent review of relevant literature, with "accounting systems" as the primary keyword. Results/Discussion: The research integrated bibliometric indicators to quantify authorial productivity, considering aspects such as publication volume, chronology, geographical diversity, and predominant key terms. Additionally, multidimensional collaboration indicators were employed, enriched with data extracted from renowned bibliographic platforms. Conclusions: The pressing need to establish systematic and efficient accounting systems became clear, facilitating agile financial data management, reducing potential deviations, and aligning with contemporary standards of business accounting. Originality/Value: This study not only offers valuable insights for subsequent research but also raises crucial questions about the direction and adaptability of accounting in the imminent digital landscape.
 
 Received: 10 December 2023 / Accepted: 26 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Leveraging information communication technology (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance auditing practices

PurposeIn the fourth industrial revolution, where business accounting integrates with automation through artificial intelligence (AI) and information communication technology (ICT), auditors must be able to access and analyze vast data and information to identify potential risks and issues. Using data analytics and AI to study significant amounts of data linked to audits, this study aims to investigate auditing practices by leveraging ICT and AI to enhance the audit process.Design/methodology/approachBibliometric and quantitative research techniques have been used in the study’s mixed-method process. The theoretical underpinnings of AI have been investigated using the bibliometric research method, and the challenge of implementing ICT-enabled auditing practices among auditing professionals has been studied using the quantitative research method. Surveys, interviews and bibliometric analysis have all been used as data-gathering techniques.FindingsResearch in AI and auditing has a broad worldwide scope, involving developed and developing nations. ICT perceived benefits have no direct effect on auditing practices. However, ICT training has a mediating effect on the relationship between ICT perceived benefits and auditing practices. ICT adoption has no moderating effect on the relationship between ICT training and auditing practices.Research limitations/implicationsFindings have significance for lead auditors, policymakers and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), who are keenly interested in upgrading the auditing practice of accounting professionals in India by incorporating AI and ICT determinants.Practical implicationsThis research makes a significant contribution by offering a thorough framework for improving the knowledge management of practising auditors regarding ICT adoption, training and perceived benefits, a crucial component of auditing practices in the digital age. In addition, it provides insightful information about how AI affects accounting practices, which may point the way for further study in this area.Originality/valueThis research has significant implications for auditing firms in India. It can inform ICAI, policymakers and regulators in their attempts to foster the incorporation of AI and ICTs in auditing practice.

Workshop Penggunaan Instagram Sebagai Strategi Bisnis Pemasaran Digital Bagi Rismada (Remaja Masjid Raudhatul Huda)

One of the social media most used by teenagers is Instagram. Indonesia is in fourth place as the country with the largest Instagram users in the world. The number of Instagram users in Indonesia reached 89.15 million. Reasons for using Instagram include social interaction, filling free time, and knowing what other people are talking about. There are still many teenagers who don't understand the potential of Instagram as a digital marketing tool for running a business. In fact, teenagers who are the younger generation have a great opportunity to become successful young entrepreneurs by utilizing digital platforms such as Instagram. The ability and skills to use Instagram as a digital marketing medium also enable teenagers to prepare themselves to face the demands of an increasingly digital world of work. This Community Service Partner is Raudhatul Huda Mosque Youth (Rismada) located at Jl. Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo, Gg. H. Ripuh, RT 002 RW 009, North Paninggilan, Ciledug District, Tangerang City 15153. Rismada is a community service program partner which is classified as an economically/socially unproductive partner. The routine activities that Rismada usually carries out are religious activities and social activities. The community service team provided workshops on basic concepts of business strategy, digital marketing and business use of Instagram; (b) providing workshops by practicing the use of Instagram features, especially Instagram business, to carry out digital marketing business strategies. Activities carried out include, for example, creating an Instagram business account (Instagram ads), optimizing the features on Instagram business and creating interesting content; (c) Providing training and assistance to participants during the workshop activities.

Strategi Membangun UMKM Unggul Dengan Paningkatan Kemampuan Pemasaran dan Inovasi Kemasan Melalui Digital Marketing di Desa Cibuntu

This study aims to determine the potential, shortcomings, and appropriate strategies to improve marketing capabilities and packaging innovation which was held with workshops with residents of Cibuntu Village, Wanayasa District, who have MSMEs. This research uses qualitative methods by taking data aware of observation, interviews, documentation, and holding a Group Discussion Forum (FGD). The results of this study show that the disadvantages of 15 MSMEs in Cibuntu Village include capital problems, local marketing, packaging innovation, and lack of branding on social media. With the problems experienced by MSME actors in Cibuntu Village, researchers held an MSME Workshop held by researchers, namely "W-Fest UMKM Go Digital". In this workshop, MSME players were given material on marketing on social media, product branding on social media, packaging innovation, understanding business features on Instagram, having a business account on Instagram, and knowing sales methods in e-commerce. In addition, researchers and the community also created a group consisting of MSME actors in Cibuntu Village as a forum or means to coordinate and facilitate MSME players to share experiences and the latest innovations from their products.

СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ ОБЛІК В СИСТЕМІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ЕФЕКТИВНИХ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The article examines the specifics of the role of strategic management accounting in the process of making effective management decisions at the enterprise in modern conditions. The mechanism of the use of the tools of strategic management accounting by enterprises to ensure the achievement of competitive advantages in the market, as well as to increase the productivity of the management system, is considered. The relationship between strategic management accounting and the process of management decision-making is studied, taking into account that an effective strategic accounting system can become a key factor for successful business development. The main aspects of strategic management accounting are studied, including the definition of strategic goals, the collection and analysis of information, the development of key performance indicators and the identification of strategic alternatives. The influence of modern information technologies on the development of strategic management accounting and the possibilities of their implementation in practice are considered. It was determined that the use of strategic management accounting can provide enterprises with a systematic improvement in the quality of management decisions, reduce risks and increase the efficiency of business processes. The importance of strategic management accounting for ensuring the successful functioning of modern enterprises has been proved, and recommendations for improving this process have been formed. The key aspects of the internal and external environment that affect strategic management accounting are considered, including such factors as changes in legislation, the competitive situation on the market, changes in consumer demands, new technological trends, as well as the mechanism of their influence on the decision-making process and accounting. It was determined that strategic management accounting is a relevant tool for business entities in modern conditions of uncertainty and dynamic changes in the business environment, as it enables enterprises to be flexible and respond to changes in a timely manner, while creating conditions for achieving defined strategic goals. The importance of implementing strategic management accounting in modern business as a key factor in making effective management decisions in order to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises in dynamic conditions of market competition and uncertainty is proven.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Accounting System of Saudi Companies

As a major player in the world market, Saudi Arabia has seen substantial adoption of artificial intelligence AI) technology in its commercial environment. This study intends to thoroughly examine the specific effects of AI on Saudi business accounting systems. This paper offers comprehensive knowledge of the consequences of AI application in the accounting sector through a thorough examination of the body of existing literature. It examines how traditional accounting methods are affected by AI-driven automation, data analysis, and decision-making processes in the Saudi Arabian environment. The viewpoints and experiences of first-hand participants in integrating AI into Saudi enterprises’ accounting systems are provided by this study through a survey distributed to important stakeholders, such as accounting professionals, technology specialists, and business leaders. This study also emphasizes how incorporating AI technology into accounting procedures may affect workforce dynamics, skill needs, and organizational structure as a whole. One of the most significant research findings is the ability of AI to process enormous volumes of data quickly and accurately, allowing for improved financial analysis, risk assessment, and forecasting. This facilitates wiser and more strategic business decisions. AI also simplified accounting processes and decreased the need for human labor, saving Saudi enterprises money. As a result, resource allocation was optimized and overall financial performance was enhanced.

Factors affecting the application of management accounting of revenue, costs, and business results

The effective management accounting of revenue, costs, and business results holds significant importance in enterprise management accounting, particularly for businesses situated in countries with fragile economies such as Vietnam. However, the current situation of applying accounting of revenue, costs, and business results at enterprises, in general, and electricity enterprises in Northern Vietnam, in particular, still has many limitations. Therefore, this article aims to promote the level of effective management accounting for revenue, costs, and business results. A quantitative study was undertaken, involving the distribution of questionnaires to 57 companies within the electricity sector in Northern Vietnam. The collected data was then analyzed using Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software. The findings of the study reveal that there are six elements influencing the management accounting of revenue, costs, and business results in electricity enterprises, including 1) the amount of financial accounting information provided; 2) enterprise size; 3) corporate culture; 4) qualifications/quality of accounting staffs; 5) level of awareness of business managers, and 6) availability of information technology. Therefore, the article proposes a recommended solution to ameliorate the management accounting of revenue, costs, and business results in electricity enterprises in Vietnam.

Облік та оподаткування в інтернет-бізнесі: перспективи розвитку та виклики

Complex economic relationships have a significant impact on consumer opportunities. When using the services of enterprises operating in the field of e-commerce, buyers get the opportunity to save money through more affordable prices and the opportunity to compare the cost of goods, choosing the most profitable ones. This allows them to save time as well, as they can shop from the comfort of their homes, choose the most convenient method of payment and delivery. The Internet opens the market, expands its geography and increases the competition of goods, does not set any restrictions except for access to the network. The article is devoted to the analysis of features of accounting and taxation system in modern Internet business. The impact of digital transformation on accounting and taxation is considered, taking into account the dynamic nature of this sector of the economy. An overview of the current challenges of Internet business in the context of accounting, including the issues of taxation of e-commerce and activities in the online environment, is proposed. In the article, trade in the field of e-business is considered as an object of accounting. An algorithm for conducting trade on the Internet and accounting for settlements with buyers, determining income and financial result is provided. Modern methods of payment for goods are outlined. The methods of reflection in the cost structure of operations related to the creation of a website, the use of a domain and the receipt of hosting services are analyzed. It is proposed to include in the initial cost of intangible assets the costs of website development and domain prolongation, and to reflect the hosting operation as part of sales costs. The rules for the use of cash registers in conducting business transactions in e-commerce, as well as individual cases in which it is not necessary to use cash registers in online stores, are considered. The problematic aspects of normative regulation and accounting of transactions related to e-commerce are highlighted. Recommendations have been developed that can improve taxation in the field of e-commerce – they provide for the improvement of tax administration for entities engaged in e-business.

Applying TOPSIS to selecting business accounting software: A case study at Truong Son Technology Development Investment Joint Stock Company

This study aimed to build a model and set of criteria to evaluate and select business accounting software providers for Truong Son Technology Investment and Development Joint Stock Company. The study helped choose the most suitable supplier that meets the criteria that the company desired. The research proposed the Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model and was also applied in the case of selecting accounting software suppliers for Truong Son Technology Investment and Development Joint Stock Company. There were 5 business accounting software packages considered: Misa business accounting software, Bravo accounting software, FAST Accounting software, Effect accounting software, and Gamma accounting software. The ranking results of accounting software providers at Truong Son Technology Investment and Development Joint Stock Company were as follows: A1 (Misa Business Accounting Software) was the best supplier, second-ranking was A3 (FAST Accounting software), followed by A2 (Bravo Accounting Software) in third place. The findings of this study could be used as a valuable reference for businesses to choose the best supplier.

Удосконалення маркетингової діяльності підприємства засобами цифрових комунікацій у соцмережах

Attention in this article is focused on the substantiation of the applied principles of building long-term relationships of interaction between customers and enterprises in the face of modern challenges. The aim of the study is to substantiate and develop recommendations for improving the marketing activities of enterprise by means of digital communications in social networks. To achieve this goal, formal, dialectical and specific methods were used, in particular structural and logical analysis, desk research, content analysis. The article consistently reveals the mechanism of the process of promoting goods/services through digital channels of social networks. The stages of promotion of goods/services through digital channels of social networks are systematized. To carry out monitoring and analytics, it is proposed to use a combined approach, using marketing services and built-in Instagram analytics. The features of the application of the main engagement metrics of the target audience in the Instagram social network are described: ER (engagement rate) and ERR (involvement in the post). Approbation of marketing tools in social media on the example of a manufacturing enterprise has been carried out. The tools for building digital communications in social media are studied. The relationship between personal sales (in salons), sales promotion through an Instagram business account, the launch of paid targeted advertising and the use of influencers or industry experts for cooperation is substantiated. Recommendations for improving marketing activities have been developed. The main directions of improving the marketing activity of enterprise by means of digital communications in social networks are presented. Among them, the following are identified: the closest interaction with their customers through the development of digital communication channels; finding solutions that can affect competitiveness through the formation of a value proposition for a specific product; increasing the recognition of the enterprise’s products in the market, which will allow you to reach a wider audience and gain the trust of consumers.