Account GDP Research Articles

Sustainable digital economy and trade adjusted carbon emissions: Evidence from China’s provincial data

The importance of the digital economy and trade adjusted emissions is of great importance to study, especially in case of China. Since China is the leading exporter of the world and achieving high economic growth consecutively for the last 2-3 decades, this study, unlike past studies, evaluates the importance of digital economy, exports, imports and gross domestic product on trade adjusted carbon emissions for China. This is the only study that incorporates the importance of digital economy on trade adjusted carbon emissions for provincial data of China. This study determines whether the digital economy is a viable source of green economy. Research and development will simply replace a physical resource, flows through energy and transportation networks? This question is answered by using updated data, especially for digital economy. This study uses panel data for the Chinese provinces to investigate the impact of the digital economy in limiting CO2 emissions, taking into account GDP, exports and imports as control variables. Using method of moments quantile regression, we find a negative impact of digital economy and exports on consumption-based carbon emissions. Moreover, we find that GDP, and imports amplify consumption-based carbon emissions.

Land availability and housing price in China: Empirical evidence from nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL)

Housing cost in China has reached an all-time high, preventing millions of people from purchasing a home. Land is a pre-requisite for the housing market. Land-relevant factors such as land regulation, land supply, land price, land use, and mixed land uses have been discussed with respect to land availability and China’s housing price. A nonlinear relationship that affects housing price and land availability is known as the asymmetric effect. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the asymmetric effect of land availability on housing price, taking into account GDP, inflation, and interest rate. The NARDL model is employed using the quarterly data from 2005:Q2 to 2017:Q4. The results prove that land availability possesses an asymmetric effect on China’s housing price in the long run. The positive changes in land availability possess a greater effect on the housing price than the negative changes in land availability do. This result implies that policy makers should be inclined to increase the land availability to lower the housing price rather than reducing the land availability to evade housing price hikes. Last, for policy implementation, policy makers should reconsider the demanders’ preferences, the development of mixed land use, and separate regulation of different regions.

A New Class of Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes

This paper draws upon a critical analysis of the three RCA indexes in Vollrath (1991) to propose a new class of RCA indexes. The baseline RCA index in this new class rests on the overall structure of trade, is symmetric, avoids size bias and is compatible with the Kunimoto-Vollrath principle. Possible modifications of the baseline RCA index are subsequently suggested to take into account GDP per capita data and to use adjusted trade data with the aim of better measuring comparative advantages. These modified versions together with the baseline RCA index give rise to a whole new class of RCA indexes. An application to the Euro area indicates that this new class is able to rank countries according to their respective levels of comparative advantages in a more consistent way than alternative RCA indexes. Furthermore, the new class of RCA indexes provides second-best solutions for time stationarity and the desirable distributional characteristics of an RCA index.

Eco-efficiency evaluation model: a case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

After the concept of ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) was put forward and constantly supplemented, it generally refers to the maximization of economic benefits with minimum energy consumption and environmental damage. In a new eco-efficiency model proposed by this paper, the input indexes take into account the consumption of capital, human, resources and energy, and the environmental load caused by them. The output indexes take into account GDP, income, and tax revenue. An optimal weighted cross-evaluation efficiency (OWCE) model based on data standardization is proposed, by improving the traditional data envelopment models of CCR and BCC. The OWCE model not only objectively weights but also unifies the comparison scale, and facilitates the establishment of the super-efficiency decomposition model, which is conducive to further exploring the reasons for the difference of eco-efficiency in various regions. Empirically, the eco-efficiencies of 11 provinces (municipalities) along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) were analyzed based on the data from 2008 to 2019. The results show that there has been a serious imbalance in the 11 provinces, showing a trend of high in the east and low in the west, although the eco-efficiency has been improving continuously in the past 10years. Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, which are located in the traditional Yangtze River lower delta region, are the top in terms of eco-efficiency, among which Shanghai ranks the first place with absolute advantage, and also is far ahead in sub-efficiencies of basic input, energy consumption, capital and human input, and environmental cost. Geographical location, especially whether it is close to the ocean, and the length of river flow have a certain positive impact on eco-efficiency. Through in-depth analysis, high-energy consumption, high pollution, and low economic output are the main reasons for low eco-efficiency in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

Individualism and Egalitarianism Can Kill: How Cultural Values Predict Coronavirus Deaths Across the Globe.

While in some countries, many people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), in other countries, only a few have died. Based on the cultural values theory, our first hypothesis was that in countries that are predominantly individualistic, the number of deaths will be high, whereas in countries with predominantly collectivist values, the number of deaths will be low. Our second hypothesis was that countries with high power distance and hierarchy will have fewer deaths compared to countries with low power distance and egalitarianism. The hypotheses were tested by referring to two different value studies (Hofstede's study of 76 countries and Schwartz's study of 75 countries) while also controlling for GDP per capita, Gini index, population density, median age per country, and BMI per country. Of the five control variables GDP and BMI significantly predicted coronavirus deaths. Taking into account GDP, Gini index, population density, median age, and BMI, hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the first hypothesis on individualism and the second hypothesis on egalitarianism. Therefore, in the case of this current pandemic, group-oriented and collectivist values and low egalitarianism values lead to specific health-related behaviors that ultimately keep more people alive.

Study on Green Development Efficiency of Yangtze Economic Zone in China considering Resources and Environment

This paper evaluates the green development efficiency of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone considering resources and environment. Input factors include assets, human resources and resources. Output takes into account GDP and major pollutants (as unexpected output). This paper makes a static analysis of the economic development efficiency of the provinces and municipalities in 2015. Considering the resource and environment constraints, the overall economic development efficiency is constrained to a certain extent. The Malmquist index model is used to calculate the changes of economic efficiency in 2005-2015, which is decomposed into pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and technological progress index. Considering the impact of resources and environment, the overall economic efficiency of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Zone showed an upward trend in 11 years, with an average MI index of 1.014. Technological efficiency (EC) is declining as a whole. Pure technical efficiency (PEC) is the main factor that causes the decline of technical efficiency, while technological progress (TC) is an important factor to promote the increase of development efficiency during the research period. The results of regional analysis show that the decline of technological efficiency (EC) in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Anhui provinces is mainly affected by pure technological efficiency (PEC). The decline of technological efficiency (EC) in Guizhou, Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces is mainly affected by scale efficiency (SEC).

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА ПОЛІТИКА ЗГУРТУВАННЯ 2021–2027: ОРІЄНТИРИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The general articulation of the issue. In Ukraine, the socio-economic development of the regions is rather inconsistent. The experience of European cohesion policy may greatly contribute to mitigating regional imbalances.The analysis of recent publications. Cohesion policy is constantly in the spotlight of the western researchers. Recent publications include one by J. Bacthler, C. Mendez, and F. Wishlade, as well as those by M. Kolodziejski, D. Haase, and N. Donati. There are virtually no studies on the new stage of European cohesion policy within the Ukrainian scientific publications.The purpose of this article. The purpose of the article is to underline key points of the European Commission on the cohesion policy implementation for 2021–2027, and identify those aspects that could be utilized in development of the regional policy of Ukraine.The key results and the background. The article compares the new goals of the European Cohesion Policy with those of 2014–2020. Worth mentioning that the principle of funds distribution under cohesion policy will mainly take into account GDP per capita, but will also include some new criteria for regions of all categories, such as youth unemployment, low education level, climate change, reception and integration of migrant.In the view of the European Commission, many of the big challenges of the decade to come – fighting exclusion, climate change or integrating migrants – would have to be tackled in European cities and metropolitan areas. This is why the Commission proposes to further strengthen the urban dimension of Cohesion Policy. European Cohesion Policy 2021–2027 will support further cross-border cooperation and continue to provide significant aid to EU outermost regions. The Cohesion Open Data Platform has brought a new level of transparency and accountability in the management of EU funds as well as actual implementation of cohesion policy.Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. It is only logical for Ukraine to study the priorities of the European Union Cohesion Policy and the principle of dividing the regions of the European Union into less developed, transitional and more developed. The policy making process in the European Union should become a template for Ukraine.

Labor management and social and labor relations in the digital economy

Social partnership is the most important type of social and labor relations in the modern economy, which is based on the active participation of trade unions in the enterprises management, payroll rate determination, and improvement of its conditions. In addition, in the framework of the conditions of extensive application of digital technologies the employees being outside the premises of the employer’s organization began to perform a significant part of the functions of many organizations, and for a certain category of employees, the possibility of their replacement with intelligent machine systems will become the reality in the near future. The paper shows that one of the optimality criteria for the parameters of the social system is the country’s living standards. The proposed criterion takes into account GDP per capita, the Gini ratio and the crime rate. The paper also shows that in the digital economy one of the main factors of the living standards growth is the application of new scientific results. The specific measures are proposed to create new forms of social and labor relations in the digital economy.

International Migration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence from France

This article examines the causal relations between non-European immigration and the characteristics of the housing market in host regions. We constructed a unique database from administrative records and used it to assess annual migration flows into France's 22 administrative regions from 1990 to 2013. We then estimated various panel VAR models, taking into account GDP per capita and the unemployment rate as the main regional economic indicators. We find that immigration has no significant effect on property prices, but that higher property prices significantly reduce immigration rates. We also find no significant relationship between immigration and social housing supply.

Relevancia del índice de malestar económico

The conventional Misery Index describes the economic environment based on the unemployment and inflation rates. The compensated Misery Index also takes into account GDP’ rate of growth. In this paper we calculate both indexes for Spain and neighbouring countries and highlight the relative weight of the different components in different moments in time. The indexes reflect situations of misery from objective data. We then compare these results with subjective measures of misery using survey data (CIS’ questions on Current Economic Situation). We show that both measures are strongly correlated. It thus folllows that the misery index is a relevant and useful index to explain tough economic situations with the added advantage of a being easy to compute and publicly available and frequently published data.