Accordion Folds Research Articles

Factor analysis on property enhancement of electrically/thermally conductive composites by continuous forced assembly

AbstractCurrently, with the development of many important fields such as aerospace and automotive industries, polymer composites have become an indispensable part of these fields. As for preparation methods, common methods like hot pressing make composites difficult to achieve continuous production. This paper proposed the continuous forced assembly (CFA) and designed continuous production facility, which can achieve the continuous preparation of low filler content (30 wt%) composites with high electrical/thermal conductivity. Besides, we structurally designed roll pressing device and explored its effect on the machining process. Here, short cut carbon fiber (SCF) and solid silica gel (MVQ) are used as electrically/thermally conductive filler and polymer matrix respectively, and continuous preparation of functional composites is completed by CFA method. Compared to the thermal conductivity (1.186 W/(m·K)) of SCF/MVQ composites prepared with lower viscosity matrix (MVQ‐A), the thermal conductivity of composites prepared with high viscosity matrix (MVQ‐D) reached 2.230 W/(m·K). Meanwhile, the process is optimized to explore the effects of the “accordion folding” and “pre‐stretch” methods on the thermal conductivity of composites, the thermal conductivity is converted from in‐plane to vertical direction. In addition, under the same filler content, 2 wt% rGO is beneficial in enhancing the electrical/thermal conductivity of prepared composites. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of SCF28/rGO2/MVQ composite reach 663 S/m and 2.82 W/(m·K), which is higher than that of the properties of SCF/MVQ composite with the same filler content. To sum up, CFA facilitates continuous production of composites, which can be used in thermal management materials (TMMs).Highlights Compared with the “pre‐stretch” method, the thermal conductivity of SCF/MVQ composites prepared by “accordion folding” has a significant improvement. The SCF/rGO/MVQ composites prepared by CFA method show superior thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Composites prepared by CFA method can realize the continuous preparation of functional materials.

Seismic-aseismic impact on marine depositional dynamics and sedimentary architecture: Study on multilayer-multiscale SSDS in Proterozoic Rohtas Limestone, India

The present study explores a diverse suite of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) preserved at multiple levels within the Mesoproterozoic carbonate succession of Rohtas Limestone in the Vindhyan Supergroup of India. The carbonate succession shows lithological heterogeneity, characterized by a sharp change of facies association and depositional environment. Three layers of SSDS, traced over 57 km, demarcate the lower lagoonal from upper open shelf deposits. Contorted laminae, load casts and flame structures, convolute laminae, ball and pillow structures, accordion folds and pillar structures within the limestone beds infer liquefaction-fluidization and plastic deformation. The lateral continuity, vertical repetition and confinement of SSDS beds at the interface of lagoon and open shelf deposits indicate the role of seismicity on facies succession. The SSDS beds show lateral variation in thickness and structures, depending on the distance from epicenter. The seismic trigger was accompanied by sudden deepening of the depositional environment and related marine transgression. The coarsening up packages within the lagoonal succession comprise load cast and flame structures, syn-sedimentary faults and intraclastic conglomerates. The open shelf succession shows several fining up cycles, with multiple load and flame structures with intraclastic conglomerate at the top. Origin of SSDS in association of the coarsening up sequence, and fining up cycle infers that intrabasinal tectonics and storms were the triggering agents for lagoon and open shelf successions respectively. The seismite in the studied succession not only reveals the seismicity during the Proterozoic, but also changed the sedimentary facies association, which may use as a diagnostic criterion for the identification of seismite. This study also highlights that seismic and aseismic impacts on sedimentary architecture and paleoceanography evolution.

The Landscaped Folds

Most of Gong Xian's (1618–1689) long landscape handscrolls were originally structured as accordion albums. This article discusses the morphology and metamorphosis of the accordion folds as a painting format, and rethinks the issues of surface, depth, and depths of Chinese landscape from the perspective of the painter's conception of his work. In the process of landscaping the folds—as opposed to folding the landscapes, Gong Xian subordinated painting to discernable methodologies and sensitives that are inherently related to the folds. The accordion folds were not merely an environmental reference to the representation, but a painter's choice, an authorial impetus and method that effectuated the representation, and an act that realized a work in space. I argue that for Gong Xian, it was not the landscape per se but the painting format that was being represented. Meanwhile, I correlate the issue of format metamorphosis with the increasing ekphrasis in the painting treatises and catalogs compiled in early-modern and modern China to understand image, format, and discourse in a trilateral framework.

Folding the Energy Storage: Beyond the Limit of Areal Energy Density of Micro‐Supercapacitors

AbstractDespite the ever‐growing interest in micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as a promising power source for microelectronics, their low areal energy density has plagued practical applications. Herein, accordion foldable MSCs (af‐MSCs) are presented as a cell architectural strategy in contrast to traditional material‐driven approaches. The constituent unit cells of an in‐plane MSC array are compactly stacked in a confined device footprint via accordion folding. Decoupling the energy storage (MSC cells) and folding section (electrical interconnection between the cells) in the MSC array, in combination with neutral plane‐controlled flexible hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber (CNF) substrates, enables the realization of the af‐MSCs. The af‐MSCs achieve high areal integration density with a fill factor of 81.1% and on‐demand (in‐series/in‐parallel) cell configurations owing to the microscale direct‐ink–writing of rheology‐tuned MSC cell components on the CNF substrates. The af‐MSC with a miniaturized footprint (22.75 mm2) achieves exceptional areal electrochemical performances (areal energy density of 89.2 µWh cm−2), which exceed those of previously reported in‐plane MSCs.

Patterning order and disorder with an angle: modeling single-layer dual-phase nematic elastomer ribbons.

Liquid crystal polymer networks have demonstrated a rich variety of actuation behavior and stimulus-responsive properties. Actuation in these single-phase materials is given by spatial variations in their liquid crystal director microstructure in balanced coexistence with rubber elasticity. However, experimental studies have shown that complex actuation in elastomeric materials can also be engineered by combining well-defined isotropic regions along with liquid crystalline ordered regions. Via finite element elastodynamics simulations, we investigate the actuation behavior of these dual-phase nematic elastomer ribbons based on several key design factors: director orientation, pattern orientation, as well as domain and sample size. We demonstrate the variety of shapes that these materials can exhibit, including twisting, bending, accordion folding, and hybrid flat-helix states. Overall, our simulations show an exceptional agreement with experimental observations, providing light for the further development of soft stimulus-responsive materials with complex microstructures.

Artists’ Books and Africa

June 01 2017 Artists’ Books and Africa Artists’ Books and Africa Smithsonian National Museum of African ArtSeptember 16, 2015–September 11, 2016 Author and Article Information Online Issn: 1937-2108 Print Issn: 0001-9933 © 2017 by the Regents of the University of California.2017 African Arts (2017) 50 (2): 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_r_00348 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Artists’ Books and Africa. African Arts 2017; 50 (2): 90–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_r_00348 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsAfrican Arts Search Advanced Search The recent “Artists’ Books and Africa” exhibition at the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art was a testament to the dedication and vision of Janet Stanley, librarian at the Museum's Warren M. Robbins Library and the show's curator. It highlighted an often-overlooked art form, presenting a range of historical and contemporary approaches to book arts by both well-known and lesser-known artists. Mounted in a hallway gallery, the exhibition consisted of twenty books from the Robbins Library's collection and five from the Museum's. Since viewers could enter the gallery from either end, each entrance featured a panel of text introducing the idea of artists’ books and impressive elephant folio volumes to set the bookish context (Fig. 1). Inside the gallery, the show was organized in subcategories such as “Democratic multiples,” “Multi-part books,” “Accordion folds,” and “Artists’ illustrated books.” Scholars and librarians expend a lot of energy articulating how artists’... You do not currently have access to this content.

Typical earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Yongding River Valley, Beijing, China and interpreted earthquake frequency

AbstractThe Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, composed of dolomite is a widely distributed stratigraphic unit in the Beijing area. It was formed over a long period of time in the Yan-Liao aulacogen, a stable peritidal environment that was ideal for recording earthquakes in the form of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS). Numerous examples occur in the upper part of the Wumishan Formation, along the Yongding River Valley. In addition, brittle structures include intrastratal fault and seismically cracked breccias. The soft-sediment deformation structures include liquefied features (diapirs, clastic dykes, convolute bedding), compressional deformation features (accordion folds, plate-spine breccias, mound-and-sag structures), and extensional plastic features (loop-bedding). Based on the regional geological setting and previous research, movements along the main axial fault of the Yan-Liao aulacogen are considered as the triggers for earthquakes since the Early Mesoproterozoic. The number and distribution of the SSDS suggest the major earthquake frequency in the Wumishan Formation of 20 to 32 thousand years.

We Move to a House Where He Never Lived

We Move to a House Where He Never Lived Laura Read (bio) Mom hangs strips of yellow roseson my walls, red curtains in the kitchen.I can hear my brother playingbasketball alone on the courtbehind the Garitanos' where Normastill lives with her parents, all of themgray-haired in the garden, beforethe house with Mary glowingin the dark. Every tree castsits leaves down in pools of shadow,fat maples, spades like the cardsmy mom turns over on the table,her eyes lit with luckwhen we play sometimes after dinner,waiting for my brother. [End Page 134] No one has died herebut we don't know what happenedin that corner by the furnacewhere you have to turn the light onwith a broom. Just like they don't know—the people who came after usin the house we left behind.We didn't say, This is the roomwhere our father died.Or Maybe you don't know aboutthe other rooms. They open out from this onelike accordion folds. Run your handalong the bookshelf until it gives.They're windowless and yellow,the sticky bugs still livebeneath the bricks, and our toyshang on the walls like hammers. Laura Read Laura Read won the Floating Bridge Chapbook Award and has poems appearing in the Spoon River Poetry Review, New Ohio Review, Pank, and others. She lives in Spokane, Washington, with her husband and two sons. Copyright © 2011 University of Nebraska Press

Soft-sediment deformation in epicontinental carbonates as evidence of paleoseismicity with evidence for a possible new seismogenic indicator: Accordion folds

Epicontinental seismicity is currently a subject of intense study by geologists and engineers, particularly relative to triggering mechanisms, epicentral areas, and recurrence intervals. Aside from modern seismic events, much of the evidence for previous events is in the form of soft-sediment deformation, which has often been systematically overlooked or misinterpreted. Carbonates have also been systematically ignored in most attempts to understand soft-sediment deformation. Soft-sediment deformation, however, is not a unique response to seismicity; so how do we know when seismicity is implicated or not? The concurrence of four criteria has been suggested as a way to confirm the likelihood of seismogenic origins for soft-sediment deformation: 1) presence of deformation consistent with a seismogenic origin; 2) deformation that is widespread; 3) deformation that can be temporally or stratigraphically constrained across its distribution; and 4) deformation that is zoned across its distribution, showing systematic increases in frequency, size or intensity toward a likely epicentral area. The greater the concordance of these criteria, the more likely a seismogenic origin is. In order to validate these criteria, we scrutinized two very different examples of epicontinental, carbonate, soft-sediment deformation, which had been called seismites: one from the shallow, open-marine, Upper Ordovician Lexington Limestone of central Kentucky, USA, and another from the peritidal, dolomitic, Mesoproterozoic, Wumishan Formation of northeast-central China. Concurrence of criteria for Lexington soft-sediment deformation readily supports the case for a seismogenic origin, whereas for Wumishan deformation, too few criteria were satisfied to implicate seismicity. Nonetheless, after exclusion of all other possibilities for Wumishan deformation, seismicity stood out as the only likely cause. Although concurrence of the four noted criteria in soft-sediment deformation almost certainly does indicate a seismogenic origin, the co-occurrence of criteria is rare and wholly dependent on past depositional environments and modern occurrence. Hence, the four criteria cannot be used as universal seismogenic indicators, and in the absence of such indicators, we must continue to rely upon the integration of tectonic, structural, and paleoenvironmental clues for substitute corroboration.

Accordion Folding through Charge-Transfer in Ionenes

Ionenes are polymers that contain charged groups in the main chain. When long alkyl spacers in-between charged groups are used, ionenes tend to adopt accordion-like structures in certain solvents. This can be promoted by incorporation of donor and acceptor moieties, which can form charge-transfer complexes helping in the folding process. Collapsed structures of this kind, obtained via reversible weak interactions, are interesting for the formation of nanoparticles for encapsulation.

Deployment Analysis and Control of Modularized Structures

Deployment behavior of modularized structures is numerically analyzed from the viewpoint of synchronism. Elastic panels with single and double accordion folding patterns are examined as examples of modularized structures. Through computer simulations, it is shown that asynchronous deployments are caused by inertia forces. To improve the synchronism of the deployment, an autonomous distributed control method is introduced. Because the control method uses only local information, some advantages are expected; parallel processing, flexible extensibility and fault-tolerance. The control rule is derived by the analogy of heat conduction. Stable characteristic of heat conduction implies stability of the control method. Furthermore physical sense of control parameters can be understood intuitively because the control method is based on real physical phenomenon. It is confirmed that the autonomous distributed control can improve the synchronism of the deployment.

Optimization of Multilayered Bi-2223/Ag-Au Conductors for Current Lead Applications

Multilayered Bi-2223 composite conductors fabricated by means of the "Accordion folding" method appear to be suitable for applications as current leads (CL). In this work, we report on the results of electrical characterization of silver-gold alloy sheathed Bi-2223 conductors up to 400 mm long, having a DC overall critical current density J c eng exceeding 3000 A/cm2 at 77 K. The I c evolution from the first to the third thermal treatment as well as the uniformity along the specimen lenght has been monitored. Lastly, calculations of the magnetic field profile across stacked multilayered Bi-2223 conductors are reported and discussed.

Fine Structure of the Pecten Oculi in the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

The pecten oculi of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) has been examined by both light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten is very large and of the pleated type. It consists of 22-25 accordion folds that are joined apically by a bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape widest at its base. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger supply and drainage vessels and many melanocytes. The capillaries are extremely specialized for transport functions and display extensive microfolds on both their luminal and abluminal borders. Except for the nuclear region which contains most of the organelles, the endothelial cell bodies are extremely thin. These capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basal laminae which are conjectured to be structurally important. Pericytes are a common feature of these capillaries. The numerous pleomorphic melanocytes interspersed between the capillaries are also felt to be important in structural support of the pecten. The pecten is considered to be comparable to the falciform process of some teleosts, the conus papillaris of reptiles, the supraretinal vessels of amphibians and teleosts and the intraretinal vessels of mammals which are all felt to be alternative methods of bringing nutrients to the inner retina.

Superconducting properties of multilayered Bi(Pb)-2223/Ag tapes

The preparation of silver sheathed Bi(Pb)-2223 multilayered tapes, fabricated by a new route-called the 'accordion folding method'-and through intermediate rolling and sintering processes, is reported. The electrical properties of these tapes were determined by transport Jc measurements in applied fields up to 23 T and up to 0.5 T, at 4.2 K and 77 K respectively. Multilayered tapes, having up to ten high-temperature superconducting layers, exhibited large transport current capabilities Ic up to 300 A and critical current densities as high as 8.8*103 A cm-2 at 77 K in self-field. Magnetic Jc values, calculated from magnetization loops in a wide range of temperature, are in accordance with transport measurements below 30 K. Electrical and magnetic properties were also correlated with the processing parameters and compared with those of monofilamentary tapes.

The Geometry of Lilies

FLOWERS CAN BLOOM from the mathematical mind. Matt, the mathematician in the family, wrings petals from paper by practicing ori gami, the ancient, Oriental art of paper folding. Given enough paper and time, he can create a garden of intricate shapes. It is the complexity of ori gami that drives him ?a hundred folds for a single design is not uncom mon? but what he does has its own grace, a thumb-twisted elegance. The result is a wondrous mix of clarity and clutter, a paper knot in the form of a rose, perhaps, or a daisy, a creation that seems light and whimsical, the intricacy relegated to accordion folds hidden away. Matt wadded up a lot of paper in his early attempts at the art. He found a book on the subject ?a bad translation from the Korean with sentences like this: Through the occlusion of fold 'a' angles 'b' and 'c' emerge simul taneously. Little emerged from such language, unfortunately, and even when the instructions were clear, the task remained complex and difficult. The simplest shape required ten to twelve folds any one of which, done wrong, turned up a donkey with two tails or a three-legged giraffe, mutants which found their way, in a wad, to my son's trash can. With practice Matt learned most of what he needed to know and even tually mastered the subtleties of the art. In minutes now he can turn a sheet of colored paper into a flower, a donkey, or a star. No flat page in the house is safe. A quick inspection of one shelf turns up a dog, a swan, a camel, a grasshopper, a pig, and a panda. Pterodactyls, wings clipped snugly to the next shelf up, hover menacingly above the scene. I love to watch him amid such clutter create designs, his fingers producing abundantly within the constraints of his own devising. Love and discipline meet in these shapes, a boundless, creative energy in the mix. I see in them a rough draft for the geometry of lilies and catch a glimpse of the folds in our lives as well.

Fine Structure of the Pecten Oculi of the Red‐Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)

The pecten oculi of the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten is very large and of the pleated type. It consists of 17-18 accordion folds which are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape, widest at its base. It is situated over the optic nerve head and extends into the vitreous. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger supply and drainage vessels and melanocytes. The capillaries are specialized and display extensive microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The endothelial cell bodies are thin with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. The capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basal laminae which are probably structurally important and which often enclose pericytes. The melanocytes which are most plentiful in the bridge region and peripherally in the pecten, form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels. These melanocytes are also felt to be fulfilling a structural role within the pecten. The morphology of the pecten of the red-tailed hawk is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials to the avascular avian retina.

Intra-arc deformations with vertical rotation axes: the case of the pre-Middle Miocene terranes of Southwest Japan

Various folds (bends) with vertical or subvertical rotation axes occur in the pre-Middle Miocene terranes of Southwest Japan. They are variable in shape (conical folds, accordion folds, megakink bands and so on), and some are accompanied with strike-slip faults. They range from several kilometers to more than 100 km in width, and some of their hinge surfaces are traceable more than a few tens of kilometers. Their shapes, which resemble megakink band or buckle folds, indicate that they were produced by horizontal compression with vertical or subvertical σ 2; axes in a shallow level of the crust. They were superimposed on the pre-Middle Miocene fold-and-thrust structures or nappe-melange complexes, and are regarded to have been formed mostly during the Middle Miocene, contemporaneous with the clockwise rotation of Southwest Japan related to the fan-shaped opening of the Sea of Japan. Geometrical analysis clearly suggests that the drifting Southwest Japan behaved as a non-rigid body, and the formation of these structures resulted from the differential rotation of the terranes and the collision of the Izu-Bonin Arc with eastern Southwest Japan.

Fine structure of the pecten oculi of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

The pecten oculi of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In this species, the pecten is of the pleated type and 12–14 accordion folds are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fanlike shape, widest at the base. It is situated over the optic nerve head and extends out into the vitreous. The entire pecten is enclosed by a fine basal lamina and hyalocytes are often present on its outer surface. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger blood vessels, and melanocytes. The capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basal laminae which often contain pericytes. These capillaries display extensive microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The endothelial cell bodies are extremely thin, with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. The melanocytes, which are most plentiful in the bridge region, form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels. The morphology of the pecten in the mallard is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials.

Fine structure of the pecten of the pigeon (Columba livia).

The pecten oculi of the diurnally active pigeon (Columba livia) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten is of the pleated type. It is situated over the optic nerve head and extends out into the vitreous. Fifteen to 17 accordion folds are joined apically by a heavily pigmented ridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape, widest at the base. The entire pecten is enclosed by a fine basal lamina. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger blood vessels and melanocytes. The capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basal laminae which often contain pericytes. These capillaries display numerous microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The endothelial cell body is extremely thin with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. The melanocytes which are more plentiful in the bridge region form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels. The morphology of the pecten in the pigeon is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials.

Fine structure of the pecten oculi of the common loon (Gavia immer)

The pecten oculi of a diurnally active diving bird, the common loon (Gavia immer), was studied by light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten consists of a pleated, highly vascular, pigmented structure that is situated over the optic nerve head and projects into the vitreous chamber. Fourteen to 15 accordion folds are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue, which holds the pecten in a fanlike shape, widest at the base. A distinct basal lamina encloses the entire pecten. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, melanocytes, and larger blood vessels that are often difficult to differentiate as either arterioles or venules. The capillaries are surrounded by basal laminae separated from the endothelial cells by several fibrillar layers. Pericytes are often enclosed within the basal lamina. These capillaries display numerous microfolds on their luminal surface, with a slightly reduced number of processes on the abluminal border. The endothelial cell body is extremely thin and most organelles are in the paranuclear region. The melanocytes, which are most numerous in the bridge region, form an incomplete sheath around these capillaries. As in other species, the morphology of the pecten in the loon indicates a heavy involvement in the transport of materials.