Accidental Ingestion Of Foreign Bodies Research Articles

Clinical Case Report: Prepyloric Abscess Secondary to Chicken Bone Ingestion

The accidental ingestion of foreign bodies is a common occurrence but can sometimes lead to serious complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation or abscess formation. We report the case of a patient who presented with diffuse atypical abdominal pain, accompanied by late postprandial vomiting, revealing the presence of a foreign body transfixing the posterosuperior pyloric wall. This condition led to the formation of an abscess in this region, requiring surgical intervention at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakesh. This case highlights the potential risks associated with the ingestion of foreign bodies and underscores the importance of prompt and appropriate management of such complications to avoid serious consequences.

Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: An Experience of 99 Cases in a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in children is critical, as the inability to effectively communicate can potentially lead to devastating consequences. We aimed to determine the epidemiology of foreign body ingestion and variability according to age, gender, type, and location of foreign body, and describe its management. The aim was to study the various types of foreign body ingestions in children admitted to pediatric surgery and their management. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2022 on children under the age of 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of foreign body ingestion. Patients were clinically and radiologically assessed, after which standard protocols were followed wherein patients were followed by either observation or emergent management. Emergent management included removal of the foreign body by either endoscopy or surgery. Comparisons among multiple age groups, gender, type of foreign body, location of foreign body, and their management were analyzed. Out of 99 subjects in our study, there were 76 boys and 23 girls. The median age of presentation was 5 years. Most children were asymptomatic at presentation. The most frequently ingested foreign body was a coin in all age groups. The majority of the foreign bodies were suspected to be in the small bowel. The foreign bodies that had crossed the duodenojejunal flexure (n = 74, 74.7%) were managed conservatively with the observation of a variable period of a minimum of 24 h and a maximum of 48 h. 21 cases were managed by endoscopic removal, while three cases required surgical intervention. Overall, the most common gastrointestinal foreign body was a coin in all age groups. Button battery is the most worrisome foreign body; however, depending on its position, it can be managed conservatively. Upper GI foreign bodies can be safely removed endoscopically. Parental counseling is very important for the prevention of ingestion of foreign bodies.

Endoscopist experience with pediatric recurrent and intentional foreign body ingestion (RIFBI): Management considerations and future directions.

Accidental foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a common pediatric referral concern. In contrast, recurrent and intentional FBI (RIFBI) is infrequent and associated with greater endoscopic and surgical intervention in adults. Although pediatric guidelines exist for FBI, the risk and therapeutic implications of RIFBI are not addressed. An anonymous international survey on pediatric gastroenterologist experience with RIFBI was distributed. A 33-item REDCap© survey was distributed via email to pediatric gastroenterologists identified through mailing and email lists obtained from pediatric gastroenterology professional organizations. During 9-12/2021 we accrued 202 completed surveys. Respondents were from 27 countries and across the career span. Eighty percent reported experience with RIFBI; 74% reported seeing ≤ 3 patients with RIFBI within the past 24 months and 4% reported seeing ≥ 6. Of those who treated RIFBI, 38% reported an average number of annual ingestions per patient was ≥5. Frequent morbidity but not mortality was reported. Half reported adherence to FBI guidelines. Later-career endoscopists treated RIFBI more aggressively than accidental ingestion. Ninety-six percent noted that patients with RIFBI had psychiatric comorbidities. Providers at academic medical centers reported referring to behavioral health more than those in other settings. Most gastroenterologists surveyed reported encountering RFBI several times a year and in patients with psychiatric comorbidities. Greater likelihood of adverse outcomes associated with endoscopy was reported. Most reported referral to behavioral health and few had RIFBI management protocols. A broader spectrum of psychologic comorbidities in the pediatric population with RIFBI, notably depression and autism spectrum disorder, were reported.

Endoscopic Retrieval of a Transpalatal Arch as an Orthodontic Emergency: A Case Report

Ingestion of a foreign object forms a potential complication, be it any branch of dentistry. The present article describes an incident of accidental foreign body ingestion by an orthodontic patient while trying to consume a firm Indian delicacy leading to fracture, and eventual swallowing of a Transpalatal arch. The case was immediately referred to Department of Gastroenterology, wherein the major part of fractured arch was retrieved endoscopically from stomach while the minor part’s trajectory was followed on subsequent radiographs until it was eliminated. This report concludes in the management and further discussion of possible clinical complications, causes, and practices for prevention.

The drop of a pin: Accidental ingestion of a sharp foreign body.

The drop of a pin: Accidental ingestion of a sharp foreign body.

Foreign body ingestion due to detachment of pill dispenser tips in cats: a retrospective study of 13 cases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe 13 cases in which a pet piller broke during the administration of medication, and the tip was accidentally ingested by the cat. A total of 15 presentations to the clinic were identified in a private practice database involving 13 cats in which the silicone tip broke. Two of these cats ingested foreign bodies on two separate occasions. Routine radiographic examination enabled the identification of silicone tips in all animals. On 2/15 occasions, the cats did not receive an emetic drug. Intramuscular xylazine (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (6 μg/kg) were administered to 12/15 and 1/15 cats, respectively. The cats were aged 3-17 years (mean age 11.00 ± 4.35 years). Vomiting occurred in 13 cats that received alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, although the silicone tip was recovered in only five occurrences. In 9/15 occurrences, endoscopy was performed under general inhalation anesthesia, and the silicone tip was successfully removed. Natural elimination occurred in only one case. The use of pet pillers with detachable silicone tips increases the risk of accidental foreign body ingestion by animals. Therefore, guidelines regarding safety standards for manufacturing would be beneficial. No cat in this series developed clinical signs related to the ingestion of the piller tip, probably because of the quick presentation by the owners and early intervention, including endoscopic retrieval. Surgical intervention was not required in any case, including one in which the foreign body was lodged within the small intestine before being passed naturally by the cat.

Immediate retrieval of an accidentally ingested tube pre-welded molar band from stomach – A case report

Accidental ingestion or aspiration of dental foreign bodies is a life-threatening medical emergency. Orthodontic materials such as brackets, bands, wire segments, and appliances are the second most common of foreign bodies to be ingested. Immediate retrieval from the stomach before the object passes the duodenal sweep is recommended. This article reports a case of retrieval of accidentally ingested tube pre-welded molar band within 45 min of ingestion, using endoscopy.

Parietal mass caused by a fish bone: case report.

The authors report a case of a patient who presented with periumbilical abdominal pain and a computed tomography (CT) scan that revealed the presence of periumbilical fat infiltration on a foreign body admitted on the Department of Digestive Cancer Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Casablanca, Morocco. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a parietal mass centered by a fish bone. Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies is common in clinical practice. However, perforation of the intestine by a foreign body is less common because the majority of foreign bodies pass without incident into the feces and only 1% of them (the sharpest and most elongated objects) will perforate the gastrointestinal tract, usually at the level of the ileum.CT, especially multidetector CT, is considered the method of choice for preoperative diagnoses of ingested foreign bodies and their complications due to its high-quality multiplanar capabilities and high resolution.Foreign body ingestion usually goes unnoticed, but the complications of this incident can be severe. This case report highlights the fact that intestinal perforation caused by an ingested foreign body is a difficult diagnosis that should always be suspected in an attack of abdominal pain. Frequently, the clinical diagnosis is difficult, and recourse to imaging is sometimes necessary. Most of the time, the treatment is only surgical.

An Unusual/Rare Case of Toothbrush Impalement Injury in Floor of Mouth.

Foreign bodies of the aero-digestive tract are commonly seen emergencies in ENT practice. Young children often present with accidental ingestion of foreign bodies like coins and battery cells. However penetrative foreign bodies of the oral cavity and the aerodigestive tract are relatively rare. They can mostly me managed conservatively, however, they may develop life threatening complications like deep neck space infections and major arterial injury in few cases. After doing extensive literature search, we could find only 1 similar case with impaled toothbrush in the floor of mouth. Therefore, we are reporting only the second case of a child who presented with impalement of toothbrush in the floor of mouth. The toothbrush was surgically removed under general anaesthesia and post-operative period was uneventful. Take home message is to not forcefully pull out the foreign body and seek otorhinolaryngological intervention at the earliest.

​Ultrasonographic Morphometry of Reticulum in Cattle and Buffaloes

Background: Tremendous achievements have been made in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of digestive tract affections of bovines throughout the world, wherein clinical traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) is the most commonly reported and studied condition in bovines. TRP is accidental ingestion of foreign body (metallic or non-metallic; penetrating or non-penetrating) objects, which generally get lodged or penetrate the reticulum. The reticulum plays a crucial role in the motility of the digestive tract in bovines and so several invasive and noninvasive methods are used for reticular examination. Hence, the ultrasonographic evaluation of reticular morphometric parameters is the need of the hour. Methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate ultrasonographic morphometry of reticulum in bovines (Group I, six clinically healthy cattle and Group II, six clinically healthy buffaloes) at the Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kamdhenu University, Rajpur (Nava), Himmatnagar, Gujarat. For ultrasonography, using Esaote MyLabDelta Veterinary Ultrasound System with convex transducer (3-5 MHz), a standing left post-xiphoid paramedian approach was adopted. The morphometric parameters viz. half-moon-shaped reticular wall (RW), RW thickness, RW distance from the parietal peritoneum and the roughly triangular area between RW, cranio-ventral rumen sac and diaphragm were evaluated. Result: The mean RW thickness (Buffalo-5.33±0.58 mm; Cattle-4.53±0.33 mm), mean distance of the closest point of the RW from the peritoneum (25.77±3.23 mm; 13.07±0.67 mm) and mean triangular area (10.21±4.42 cm²; 4.94±0.52 cm²) were higher in healthy buffaloes than cattle.

Foreign body ingestion: Is intervention always a necessity?

Intentional and accidental foreign body ingestion are commonly encountered in clinical practice. In adults, intentional foreign body ingestion is frequently observed among individuals with psychiatric disorders and prisoners. Controversies exist regarding the management of sharp or pointed objects. We contribute to this existing controversy by presenting a case of a 43-year-old male who accidently ingested a metallic screw and was managed successfully through endoscopic retrieval. We discuss a case of a 43-year-old male presented to our emergency department after accidently swallowing a metallic screw, 1h and a half prior to his presentation. He was initially asymptomatic then started to complain of vague abdominal symptoms. X-rays of the chest and abdomen demonstrated the presence of a metallic screw at the mid-abdomen. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen then confirmed its presence within the gastric lumen, with no evidence of gastric or bowel perforation. The patient was managed via esophagogastroduodenoscopy in which the ingested screw was extracted. He was discharged after 24 hours in a good condition. A limited number of epidemiological studies have shed light on the prevalence and incidence of foreign body ingestion among adult individuals. Probability of spontaneous passage depends on several factors including the size, shape and composition of the impacted item, as well as the age of patient and duration of ingestion prior to presentation. Considering the variation of ingested objects and the availability of several therapeutic approaches, a patient-tailored management plan should always be established.

Unnoticed Foreign Body (Metallic Hair Clip) Ingestion in An 18 Month Old Child: A Case Report

Accidental foreign body ingestion is common in the pediatric age group particularly between 6 months and 5 years. Most ingested foreign bodies pass easily through the esophagus, into the stomach, and are expelled from the body without complications. However, endoscopic removal will require only 10% - 20% of cases to avoid complications. We present the endoscopic removal of a metallic hair clip in the duodenum of an 18 month old child that was unnoticed initially and diagnosed incidentally.
 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (3) : 182-185

S2515 Chicken Bone Causing Gastric Perforation With Liver Penetration: Successfully Managed With Endoscopic Removal and Clipping

Introduction: Perforation of gastric wall by a chicken bone has rarely been reported. Most foreign bodies (FB) pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully within one week. However, we report a case of chicken bone-induced gastric perforation managed by endoscopic retrieval and closure with clips. Case Description/Methods: A 70-year-old-man presented with sharp epigastric abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting 4 hours after eating chicken wings. He was hemodynamically stable. The abdomen was soft and non-tender, with normoactive bowel sounds on examination. CT scan revealed a small pneumoperitoneum in the upper abdomen and a 3.4 cm linear radiopaque density within the lumen of the gastric antrum and partially outside directed posteriorly, abutting the left hepatic lobe. An EGD revealed a 3.5 cm long, narrow bone with a hollow center protruding through the antral wall along the lesser curvature. One endoclip was placed adjacent to the FB for easier identification of the location of the perforation. The FB was then extracted from the wall with rat tooth forceps. The gastric wall defect was then closed with 6 endoclips in a zipper-like fashion. Finally, the FB was retrieved with rat tooth forceps by allowing the sharp end to trail with the withdrawal of the gastroscope. Post-procedure, the patient was started on a clear liquid diet 48 hours later, which he tolerated well, and was discharged on post-procedure day 4 (Figure). Discussion: Accidental foreign body (FB) ingestion is common. Most ingested FB pass spontaneously, with only 10%-20% requiring non-operative intervention. Serious complications include impaction or perforation. A foreign body that perforates the bowel wall may have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from acute generalized peritonitis to chronic abscess formation. Patients with foreign bodies in the stomach, duodenum, and large intestine rarely have perforation due to thick walls and may have delayed presentation. We report the second case of endoscopic retrieval of a chicken bone causing gastric perforation managed endoscopically. Endoclips are often used as a hemostatic tool or to close endoscopic mucosal resection sites. Endoscopic intervention is more likely to be successful in cases of FB ingestion in the absence of peritonitis. In this case, the endoscopic removal of FB resulted in successful non-surgical management of gastric perforation. Placement of initial endoclip prior to bone removal allowed successful closure despite loss of gas after FB removal.Figure 1.: A-Upper Endoscopy shows a sharp hollow chicken bone in gastric antrum. B-Upper Endoscopy showing removal of chicken bone followed by endoscopic clipping. C- CT Abdomen/Pelvis without contrast shows a foreign body perforating the gastric wall and penetrating the liver.

A neglected foreign body in oesophagus with an unusual presentation: a case report

<p>Foreign body ingestion is clinical emergency in otorhinolaryngology practice which requires immediate proper management to ensure speedy recovery and reduce complications. Accidental ingestion of food based foreign bodies like fish and meat bones are common among adults. Penetration of these foreign bodies may cause vascular or suppurative complications which are rare; however, if present these can cause significant morbidity to the patient. We report a case of 60-year-old male patient who presented with painful right side neck swelling. The CT nscan neck revealed a foreign body penetrating oesophageal wall on either side leading to right cervical abscess and mediastinitis. Under general anaesthesia foreign body bone piece was removed by rigid oesophagoscopy. In conclusion, it is very important to elicit the history of accidental foreign body ingestion in patients who present with acute onset of neck swelling. Besides clinical examination, radiological imaging modalities are very useful in confirming the diagnosis, site localisation of foreign body and proceed with timely and appropriate management.</p>

Accidental ingestion of large foreign body retained at recto sigmoid junction: A rare case report

: Large Foreign Bodies in recto-sigmoid are very rare. Foreign bodies found in rectum are usually are inserted as a part of erotic activities . Very rarely foreign bodies reach upto rectum due to oral ingestion; e.g. of the latter include toothpicks, bones. These patients commonly present with pain, discomfort or foreign body sensation. After failure to remove by local methods they present to doctor. Patient fail to present early due to social embarrassment and stigmas. Patient might not present with original mode of insertion due to stigma and present with unusual stories. A 52 year male presented with a complaint of abdominal pain colicky in nature since 12 hours and abdominal mass of following an episode of accidental ingestion of pestle while he was scratching his posterior pharyngeal wall.. At laparotomy, pestle was found at rectosigmoid junction, The pestle in rectosigmoid colon was removed by bimanual technique, i.e foreign body was pulled through anus and pushed through abdomen.This was a rare case of such a large foreign body ingestion and retained in rectosigmoid colon.

Clinico-haematobiochemical Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Hernia and its Surgical Management in Cattle and Buffaloes- A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases

Background: Diaphragmatic hernia is an emerging threat in dairy animals due to accidental ingestion of potential foreign body via feed or fodder leads to traumatic reticulo pericarditis and net results into loss of milk production. Loss of milk production due to diaphragmatic hernia in dairy animals is worrying situation among the milkman and it needs to be addressed in early stage. Considering the livelihood of poor to marginal farmers on dairy animals, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinico-haematological changes and surgical management of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle and buffalo. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried in thirty two clinical cases of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle (17) and buffaloes (15) presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex from the rural area irrespective breeds, age and no. of lactation of animals. Result: The incidence was higher in recently parturited followed by advanced pregnant animals aged between 3.5-14 years (7.109±0.406) with duration of illness ranged between 4-35 days (16.563±1.627). All animals showed recurrent tympany, suspended rumination, constipation, neutrophilia, alkaline ruminal pH, lymphopenia and increased level of muscle enzymes and non-responsive to medicinal therapy. Plain radiography of thoraco-abdominal region showed break in continuity of diaphragmatic line and herniation of reticulum into thoracic cavity. All animals were subjected to surgical correction of diaphragmatic hernia under isoflurane general anaesthesia. Out of 32, 27 animals were recovered uneventfully and remaining five animals were succumbed during surgical repair of hernia due to cardiovascular failure. The present study concludes that, diaphragmatic hernia is common wasting disorders in dairy animals characterized by scanty faeces, recurrent tympany, neutrophilia, increased level of muscle enzymes due to chronic inflammatory changes and it can be treated successfully with herniorrhaphy under isoflurane general anaesthesia.

Migratory Foreign Bodies in the Aerodigestive Tract: The Importance of CT Imaging

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies forms a major part of otorhinolaryngological emergencies. It is dangerous, as the foreign bodies tend to perforate the aerodigestive tract. Since endoscopy is diagnostic as well as therapeutic, it is preferred over computed tomography (CT) scan, especially in developing countries.We present a case of a middle-aged man who presented with fever, neck swelling, and a five-day history of accidental ingestion of a foreign body. He underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which came out as normal. CT) imaging was performed, which showed migration of the foreign body to the parapharyngeal space and resulting abscess formation. The abscess was drained, and the foreign body was removed transcervically. We discuss this case to stress the role of CT imaging in the diagnosis of foreign bodies of the upper aerodigestive tract and propose an algorithm for the management of such cases. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy alone would be insufficient to diagnose perforating and migrating foreign bodies, which may cause severe complications if left undiagnosed.

Foreign body aspiration and ingestion in dental clinic: a seven-year retrospective study.

BackgroundThis retrospective study investigated the incidence rate of accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion according to patient sex, age, and dental department. This study aimed to verify whether the incidence rate is higher in geriatric than in younger patients and whether it is different among dental departments.MethodsAccidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion cases were collected from electronic health records and the safety report system of Yonsei University Dental Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017. The collected data included patients’ age, sex, medical conditions, treatment procedures, and foreign objects that were accidentally aspirated or ingested. The incidence rate was calculated as the number of accidental foreign body aspirations and ingestions relative to the total number of patient visits. Differences depending on the patients’ sex, age, and dental department were statistically identified.ResultsThere were 2 aspiration and 37 ingestion cases during the 7-year analysis period. The male to female incidence ratio was 2.8:1. The incidence rate increased with age and increased rapidly among those aged 80 years or older. Seven of the 37 patients with accidental foreign body ingestion had intellectual disability, Lou Gehrig’s disease, dystonia, or oral and maxillofacial cancer. The incidence rate was highest in the Predoctoral Student Clinic and the Department of Prosthodontics. The most frequently swallowed objects were fixed dental prostheses and dental implant components.ConclusionThe incidence rate of accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion differed according to patient sex, age, and dental department. Dental practitioners must identify high-risk patients and apply various methods to prevent accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion in dental clinics. Inexperienced practitioners should be particularly careful.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in children: a single center study.

Amaç: Çocukluk çağında sindirim sistemine ağız yoluyla kazara alınan yabancı cisimler önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Çalışmamızda, tek merkezde kazara yabancı cisim yutma nedeni ile başvuran çocukları retrospektif olarak değerlendirip, karşılaşılan vakalarda durumu yönetme deneyimini göstermeyi amaçladık.
 Hastalar ve Yöntem: Karaman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniği’nce Mart 2016 ile Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında yabancı cisim yutma nedeni ile hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, yabancı cismin cinsi, lokalizasyonu, radyolojik, ve klinik bulgular ile uygulanan tedavi açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların parametreleri bilgisayar veri tabanından alındı. Eksik verilere sahip hastalar çalışma dışında tutuldu. 
 Bulgular: Hastanemizde çalışma kriterlerine uygun kazara yabancı cisim yuttuğu tespit edilen 72 olgu incelendi. Eksik veriler nedeniyle biri dışlandı. Hastaların yaşları 6 ay ile 14 yaş arasında değişmekte olup 37 (% 51,4)’si 3 yaş ve altındadır. 
 En sık yutulan yabancı cisim madeni paradır 35/72 (% 48,6), onu kalem pil 11/72 (%15,3), mıknatıs 6/72 (%8.3%) ve disk şeklinde pil 5/72 (% 7), 3 (%4.2) kırık cam, 3(%4.2) bilye, 2 (%2.8) kürdan,2 (%2.8) oyuncak parçası olduğu düşünülen plastik, 2 (%2.8) toplu iğne, 2(%2.8) vida, 1(%1.4) saç tokası izlemektedir. Sadece 10 (%13.9) hastada yutulan materyal radyografide görülmeyen radyolüsentti. Bunların büyük çoğunluğu 57/72(%79,1) gastrointestinal sistem ile dışarı atıldı. Kaza ile yutulan yabancı cisimlerden geriye kalan 9 (%12.5)’u Magill forseps,6(%8.3)’sı endoskopik olarak alındı. Hiçbir hasta eksploratif laparotomiye ihtiyacı olmadı.
 Sonuç: Madeni paranın yanlışlıkla yutulması, çocuklarda hala en yaygın yabancı cisimlerdir. Elektronik bir cihazda yaygın olarak kullanılan düğme pil giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yabancı cisimlerin çoğu radyografi ile görselleştirilebilir ve vakaların çoğunda materyal herhangi bir müdahale olmaksızın kendiliğinden dışarı atılır. Hastaların erken teşhisi ve tedavisi, olası komplikasyon riskini azaltmak için önemlidir.

Endoscopic removal of accidental aspirated and ingested dental foreign bodies: A cross-sectional study.

The incidence of accidental ingestion and aspiration of foreign body (FB) is likely to occur. Many FBs are discharged spontaneously, but many dental FBs are often sharp and may remain in the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, causing serious complications such as hemorrhage, asphyxia, perforation of the digestive tract, mediastinal emphysema, peritonitis, and ileus. We aimed to examine which type of dental foreign bodies can be removed by endoscope.In this study, we enrolled 32 patients who were evaluated at the Emergency and Critical Center between January 2014 and December 2019 and who accidentally ingested or aspirated dental FBs. Medical records were reviewed to determine the patients’ sex, age, medical history, time from accidental ingestion of a FB to consultation, cause, location, occurrence status, nature of the FB, location of retained FB, treatment, complications, and outcome.We enrolled 32 patients (14 men, 18 women), with a mean age of 74.5 ± 12.8 years. Accidental ingestion at treatment was common. The most frequent site where the FB was retained was upper gastrointestinal tract (26 cases, 81.3%). In this study, endoscopic removal was indicated for dentures under the size of 43.3 mm, for dental FB (except dentures) more than 13.6 mm. In dentures, between the number of missing teeth, clasp, type, and endoscopic removal was not statistically significant.Dentures under the size of 43.3 mm was likely to be removed by endoscope. Dental FB (except dentures) more than the size of 13.6 mm was likely to be removed by endoscope. There were no indications for endoscopic removal except for size.