Accident Behavior Research Articles

F-norm based low-power motion recognition on wearable devices in the presence of outlier motions

Motion recognition refers to the intelligent recognition of human motion using data collected from wearable sensors, which exceedingly has gained significant interest from both academic and industrial fields. However, temporary-sudden activities caused by accidental behavior pose a major challenge to motion recognition and have been largely overlooked in existing works. To address this problem, the multi-dimensional time series of motion data is modeled as a Time-Frequency (TF) tensor, and the original challenge is transformed into a problem of outlier-corrupted tensor pattern recognition, where transient sudden activity data are considered as outliers. Since the TF tensor can capture the latent spatio-temporal correlations of the motion data, the tensor MPCA is used to derive the principle spatio-temporal pattern of the motion data. However, traditional MPCA uses the squared F-norm as the projection distance measure, which makes it sensitive to the presence of outlier motion data. Therefore, in the proposed outlier-robust MPCA scheme, the F-norm with the desirable geometric properties is used as the distance measure to simultaneously mitigate the interference of outlier motion data while preserving rotational invariance. Moreover, to reduce the complexity of outlier-robust motion recognition, we impose the proposed outlier-robust MPCA scheme on the traditional MPCANet which is a low-complexity deep learning network. The experimental results show that our proposed outlier-robust MPCANet can simultaneously improve motion recognition performance and reduce the complexity, especially in practical scenarios where the real-time data is corrupted by temporary-sudden activities.

Research on Green Space Service Space Based on Crowd Aggregation and Activity Characteristics under Big Data-Take Tacheng City as an Example.

People-oriented planning has become the mainstream of urban space design. As an important research object of urban space, the accessibility and service level of accessibility and service level of green space as important indicators to evaluate the level of urban livability cannot be truly fed back to people's daily life. Therefore, based on big data and from the perspective of crowd activities and aggregation characteristics, this study analyzes the shortage of green space service space in Tacheng City and puts forward suggestions for improvement. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The satisfaction of green space based on service scope covers up the imbalance of green space resources enjoyed by actual crowd activities and aggregation. (2) Although the accessibility of green space obtained by population density meets the needs in space, it cannot take care of the potential needs generated by daily crowd activities and aggregation, which leads to the overall spatial imbalance of accessibility. (3) The comprehensive analysis shows that the northeast and southwest regions are the focus of the later planning and construction. The southwest region echoes with the old urban area and attracts people's daily activities. The woodland in the northeast region, as the main green space supply, meets the potential needs of the daily population activities and aggregation of the new development urban area and the old urban area, and also serves as a place for rest and entertainment to meet the needs of the activities and aggregation of the accidental behavior of the people in the new and old urban areas after the opening up.

Stochastic Epidemic Model of Covid-19 via the Reservoir-People Transmission Network

The novel Coronavirus COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 has rapidly spread among human populations and other mammals. The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global challenge. Mathematical models of epidemiological systems enable studying and predicting the potential spread of disease. Modeling and predicting the evolution of COVID-19 epidemics in near real-time is a scientific challenge, this requires a deep understanding of the dynamics of pandemics and the possibility that the diffusion process can be completely random. In this paper, we develop and analyze a model to simulate the Coronavirus transmission dynamics based on Reservoir-People transmission network. When faced with a potential outbreak, decision-makers need to be able to trust mathematical models for their decision-making processes. One of the most considerable characteristics of COVID-19 is its different behaviors in various countries and regions, or even in different individuals, which can be a sign of uncertain and accidental behavior in the disease outbreak. This trait reflects the existence of the capacity of transmitting perturbations across its domains. We construct a stochastic environment because of parameters random essence and introduce a stochastic version of the Reservoir-People model. Then we prove the uniqueness and existence of the solution on the stochastic model. Moreover, the equilibria of the system are considered. Also, we establish the extinction of the disease under some suitable conditions. Finally, some numerical simulation and comparison are carried out to validate the theoretical results and the possibility of comparability of the stochastic model with the deterministic model.

Simplified criteria for a comparison of the accidental behaviour of Gen IV nuclear reactors and of PWRS

A cross-comparison of four Generation IV reactor concepts and a PWR of 2nd generation is presented in this paper. 4 Gen IV reactor concepts are considered and are briefly presented in the first part of the paper: SFR of 1500 MWth, GFR of 2400 MWth, MSR of 3000 MWth and VHTR of 600 MWth. In order to perform this comparison, some simple common criteria related to accidental behavior of the reactors have been developed. The first kind of criteria aims at assessing the main physical thresholds to exceed in order to have a core degradation: phase changes of coolant and of core materials (including the effect of chemical reactions) for the various reactor concepts considered. The second set of criteria deals with kinetics aspects of the accident. On the basis of core power (after scram and without scram), on the coolant inventory and on the reactor capability to be passively cooled, the heating rate of the coolant and of the core materials are assessed thanks to simplified energy balances presented in the paper. As a result, for each reactor concept, the time to reach the physical thresholds defined above is evaluated. A third set of criteria deals with core features and aims at assessing the possible reactivity insertion that withstands each concept up to core melting (or boiling for the MSR) and the associated expected power peaks in case of coolant voiding/depressurization and in case of fissile material compaction. Finally, a last criterion set deals with the assessment of the possibility to jeopardize physical barriers confining fission products. These criteria deal with the risk of barrier loadings due to coolant and core material vaporization depending on the features of the coolant/fuel and on the operating point of each reactor concept. In the last part of the paper, a synthesis is made in order to underline the weak and strong points of each of the reactor concepts investigated in terms of severe accident prevention and mitigation.

THE OPPORTUNISTIC PROBLEM IN LABOUR PROTECTION

The article is devoted to the study of labor protection problems in the context of opportunism, which takes place in the midst of a variety of varieties of social and labor relations. The necessity of the deepening of ideas of the nature of labor opportunism is substantiated. The conclusion of the probability of intentional and accidental nature of opportunistic behavior is established. Herewith in case of accidental opportunistic behavior, that can be conscious and unconscious (in contrast with intentional behavior), as vindicated before, damnification to another entity isn’t end in itself. The approach presented in the work to the interpretation of the essence of opportunism served as the basis for the author’s development of recommendations intended to contribute to a real improvement in the state of preservation of life and health of workers in the course of work.

Culture and Personality: A Examination of Impulsive Buying Behavior of Indian Consumers

The leading objective of this paper is to unearth the influence of culture and personality of Indian consumers on their impulsive buying behaviour. A lot of research has been done to study the influence of external stimuli like advertisements and in-store promotions on consumers’ buying behaviour. This paper studies the influence of internal stimuli on impulse buying behaviour. Impulse buying is an unplanned buying or accidental behaviour of consumers. This paper tries to establish a relationship between different personality traits and accidental behaviour of consumers. The impact of Big Five personality traits and culture (Individualism and Collectivism) on the impulsive buying behavior is studied. Data has been collected from consumers using structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert’s scale. The data would be analysed through various statistical tools using SPSS.

Developing a two-dimensional model of unprofessional behaviour profiles in medical students

Standardized narratives or profiles can facilitate identification of poor professional behaviour of medical students. If unprofessional behaviour is identified, educators can help the student to improve their professional performance. In an earlier study, based on opinions of frontline teachers from one institution, the authors identified three profiles of medical students’ unprofessional behaviour: (1) Poor reliability, (2) Poor reliability and poor insight, and (3) Poor reliability, poor insight and poor adaptability. The distinguishing variable was Capacity for self-reflection and adaptability. The current study used Nominal Group Technique and thematic analysis to refine these findings by synthesizing experts’ opinions from different medical schools, aiming to develop a model of unprofessional behaviour profiles in medical students. Thirty-one experienced faculty, purposively sampled for knowledge and experience in teaching and evaluation of professionalism, participated in five meetings at five medical schools in the Netherlands. In each group, participants generated ideas, discussed them, and independently ranked these ideas by allocating points to them. Experts suggested ten different ideas, from which the top 3 received 60% of all ranking points: (1) Reflectiveness and adaptability are two distinct distinguishing variables (25%), (2) The term reliability is too narrow to describe unprofessional behaviour (22%), and (3) Profiles are dynamic over time (12%). Incorporating these ideas yielded a model consisting of four profiles of medical students’ unprofessional behaviour (accidental behaviour, struggling behaviour, gaming-the-system behaviour and disavowing behaviour) and two distinguishing variables (reflectiveness and adaptability). The findings could advance educators’ insight into students’ unprofessional behaviour, and provide information for future research on professionalism remediation.

New kinetic simulation capabilities for Tripoli-4®: Methods and applications

Thanks to the growing computer power, it is now feasible to apply Monte Carlo methods to the solution of non-stationary transport problems in reactor physics and in criticality-safety, which play an instrumental role in producing reference numerical solutions for the analysis of transients occurring during normal and accidental behaviour. In this respect, a major scientific challenge is represented by the very different time scales of neutrons and precursors, which demand distinct strategies and variance reduction techniques with respect to stationary simulations. In this work we will present the principal algorithms and simulation methods that have been explored and selected for the kinetic capabilities of Tripoli-4®, the production Monte Carlo code developed at CEA. The efficiency of the tested methods will be demonstrated on simple geometries as well as on step reactivity insertion and extraction due to control rod movements for the experimental reactor SPERT-III E-core. The solutions obtained by using Tripoli-4® will be compared to the point-kinetics approximation and to the asymptotic analysis based on alpha eigenvalues.

The Big ‘Whoops!’ in the Study of Intentional Behavior: An Appeal for a New Framework in Understanding Human Actions

AbstractDistinguishing intentional behavior from accidental behavior is a crucial component of social cognition and a major developmental achievement. It has often been assumed that developmental changes in intentional reasoning result from a gradual sophistication in the ability to discern intentions in action. We take issue with this notion, demonstrating that data from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology are more consistent with the hypothesis that it is instead a gradual sophistication in the ability to understand accidents that drives developmental change.

A Critical Heat Generation for Safe Nuclear Fuels after a LOCA

This study applies a thermo-elasto-plastic-creep finite element procedure to the analysis of an accidental behavior of nuclear fuel as well as normal behavior. The result will be used as basic data for the robust design of nuclear power plant and fuels. We extended the range of mechanical strain from small or medium to large adopting the Hencky logarithmic strain measure in addition to the Green-Lagrange strain and Almansi strain measures, for the possible large strain situation in accidental environments. We found that there is a critical heat generation after LOCA without ECCS (event category 5), under which the cladding of fuel sustains the internal pressure and temperature for the time being for the rescue of the power plant. With the heat generation above the critical value caused by malfunctioning of the control rods, the stiffness of cladding becomes zero due to the softening by high temperature. The weak position of cladding along the length continuously bulges radially to burst and to discharge radioactive substances. This kind of cases should be avoid by any means.

On maximal social preference

Mathematics and physics are based on two numbers: Archimedes' constant  = 3,14… and e = 2,71… - Napier's constant. The former reflects the ratio of the perime- ter of a figure to its diameter and maximizes the area, given the diameter. The solutions are the disk and the circle. The latter represents the accumulated capital paid by a bank after one year from investing one unit of money at an annual interest rate of 100% under con- tinuous compounding. The ratio of the disk's perimeter to its diameter, i.e. , governs omnipresent cyclical motion, whereas Napier's constant determines natural growth - exponential growth. Nature mixes both kinds of behaviour: there is equilibrium - vortices, and the cobweb model, dynamic growth. Our general remarks are corroborated by the theory of linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Social life - democracy and quality - despite the deceptive chaos of accidental behaviour, is also governed by a beautiful numeral law. This social number is λ = ⅔ whose notation is derived from the Greek  meaning crowd, people, assembly. The social number, Łyko's number, is defined by the fundamental theorem. If each alternative of a maximal relation of a given profile has its frequency in this profile greater than ⅔, then such relation is a group prefer- ence. This sufficient condition separates a decisional chaos from a stable economic and voting order - the preference. Also our everyday language makes use of . We distinguish with it upper states - elitist ones, from ordinary standards. The ⅔ rule implies that in each group one third of the population prevails, while the rest are just background actors. The number  also appears, a bit of a surprise, in classical theorems of geometry.

Matrix-Language Approaches to Classic Code-Switching: the MLF and 4-M models under scrutiny

Code switching is a phenomenon present in contexts where speakers use more than one variety. It is interesting for sociolinguistic studies to inquire into this behaviour and see whether it is an accidental behaviour or it follows certain rules and constraints. This paper aims to offer some of these grammatical aspects of code-switching observed in an Algerian context, mainly in the speech of bilingual speakers at university. Our prime objective is to explain the different manifestations of the formal properties of two typologically different codes; Algerian Arabic and French and their implications in shaping the syntactic/pragmatic structures in mixed codes. Then, our aim is not to attribute each switch a function since our frame of reference is not functional but we try to explain the ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions differently. The centre of our interest is the socio-pragmatic reality of syntactic constituents in bilingual speech. The analysis of our AA/Fr CS and MSA/AA code-switched data is based on Myers-Scotton’s MLF and its supportive models. In the MLF approach, there is always an asymmetry between the languages involved in CS. One of the major shortcomings of the MLF model discussed in the literature is the inadequacy of the notion of the CP as a unit of analysis. Reducing the matrix language to a property of a CP restricts the constraints on code-switching into purely structural limitations and therefore ignores other determining factors in shaping code- switched sentence patterns, be they socio-linguistic or psycho-linguistic.

KEY IMPACT PARAMETERS FOR APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCE TERM TO KORI UNIT 1

The object of this paper is to identify the key elements that impact a radiation dose at EAB (Exclusion Area Boundary). This study is based on the AST (Alternative Source Terms) as defined in Regulatory Guide 1.183. The LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) and the LRA (Locked Rotor Accident) are selected as limiting cases. A sensitivity analysis of accidental behavior with respect to various parameters during LOCA and LRA at Kori Unit 1 is also undertaken for the following objectives: to determine the limiting parameters, to find the impact trend of the radiation dose, and to find the safety margin between AST and TID (Technical Information Document) methodologies. This work confirms that key parameters are particulate removal rate, decontamination factor, iodine chemical form, gap fraction, partitioning factor, and the impact of isotopes group. Comparing TID with AST, the radiation dose of TID is about 80% greater than that of AST under a LOCA, and about 60% greater than that of AST for the case of a LRA; thus the safety margin is remarkably increased when the AST is used. In this work, the sensitivity analysis results are presented in terms of a sensitivity index called the “NDD (Normalized Dose Difference)”, which compares the impact of parameters with that of a reference case. These values are derived by using a combination of the leak rate (primary to secondary), iodine chemical form, gap fraction, partitioning factor, spray removal rate, source term, and other variables.

Deterministic safety analysis of the reference accidental sequence for the European HCPB TBM system

In order to investigate the accidental behavior of the helium cooled test blanket module and its auxiliary systems, a particular sequence has been selected for the deterministic analyses in the frame of the EFDA licensing task for ITER. This sequence starts from an ex-vessel loss of coolant with simultaneous assumed failure of the plasma shutdown system. This paper presents the study of this sequence with the use of various assumptions and code-dependent modeling (RELAP5, MELCOR and ANSYS). Two different variants of the sequence are analyzed depending on the assumption of the failure of water-cooled component of ITER. The resulting transients show the effect of the exposure of the Be pebble beds on air and on a mixture of air and steam.

On “Intention” in the Definition of Suicide

The need for a comprehensive nomenclature in suicidology is now well recognized. In this paper the focus is on the issue of intention, which is identified as an essential aspect of any definition of suicide and suicidal behavior primarily because of its distinction from accidental behavior. The distinction between the retrospective perspective of motives versus the prospective perspective of intentions is highlighted, and I argue that the latter is more closely related to suicidal behavior. Finally, while motives and intentions tend to be used together in research, there is a need for sound research to clarify the roles of intentions in order to better understand suicide and attempted suicide.

Is parent disciplinary behavior enduring or situational? A multilevel modeling investigation of individual and contextual influences on power assertive and inductive reasoning behaviors

This research examined individual difference and contextual effects on the disciplinary behavior of a representative sample of 296 parents. Both the use of power assertion and inductive reasoning were found to be higher when the child's behavior violated a moral compared to a conventional principle, and in response to deliberate versus accidental behavior. Power assertion was also higher and reasoning lower when parents were in a bad compared to good mood. Multilevel modelling revealed that the pattern of change across contexts was not homogeneous. Threat oriented and stressed parents were more likely to react with more power assertion when in a bad mood, when their child violated a moral principle and when the behavior was deliberate. Change in parental reasoning however, was not associated with stress or threat orientation. The implications for attribution and goal directed theories are discussed, along with the need for practitioners to recognise that the determinants of disciplinary behavior are complex and multifaceted.