Accessory Reproductive Organs Research Articles

Molybdenum-Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in the Epididymis

Molybednum is one of the trace elements required for proper functioning of the human body. The present study was designed to assess the effects of molybdenum on accessory reproductive organ i.e. epididymis. Male Wistar rats were administered with three different doses of molybdenum (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. A recovery study was also conducted in the highest dose group for which half the animals of the group were left untreated for the next 60 days. Exposure to molybdenum induced a significant decline in superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid and glutathione while lipid peroxidation revealed a significant increase in epididymis in dose-dependent manner. Significant reduction in epididymal epithelial cells height, short sterocilia, increased intertubular stroma, decreased epididymal sperm reserve in the lumen and reduction in the diameter of cauda epididymal tubules with a relatively large amount of intertubular stroma was observed in epididymis of mice treated with molybdenum which might be correlated with enhanced oxidative stress. In the recovery group, significant improvement in antioxidant parameters and histoarchitecture of epididymis was observed indicating toxic effects of molybdenum can be reversed by cessation of exposure.

The Role of Chlorella vulgaris in Attenuating Infertility Induced by Cadmium Chloride via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Modulating Spermatogenesis and Steroidogenesis in Male Rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant known as endocrine disruptor . Cd has been reported to induce perturbations of the testicular functions and the subsequent decline of the male fertility of both animals and humans. Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) a species of green microalga has been reported to have multiple beneficial activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. Thus, this work was conducted to declare the benefits of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) (500 mg/kg doses) against cadmium chloride CdCl2 (2 mg/kg doses) toxicity on the main and accessory reproductive organs' weight, structure, and function of male rats. Briefly, 40 adult male rats in 4 groups (n = 10) were used as follows; control, ChV, CdCl2, and CdCl2+ChV. (i) The 1st group was kept as control fed on pellet chow and water ad libitum. (ii) The second group is Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) group fed with C. vulgaris alga for 10 days (500 mg/kg BW). (iii) The third group was administrated CdCl2 (2mg/kg BW) via subcutaneous injection (S/C) daily for 10 days. (iv) The fourth group administered both CdCl2 and ChV with the abovementioned doses daily for successive 10 days. Our observations declared that cadmium exhibited an adverse influence on the testes and prostate gland architecture indicated by seminiferous tubule destruction, testicular edema, degeneration of Leydig cells, and prostate acini damage. All together affect the epididymal semen quality and quantity including sperm viability, motility, and count. Interestingly, ChV could restore the testicular architecture and spermatozoa regeneration accompanied by semen quality improvement and increased reproductive hormones including testosterone. On the other side, ChV suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation via enhancement the antioxidant-related genes in the testicular tissue including SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA and maintaining spermatocyte survival via suppression of apoptotic related genes including caspase3 and activating steroidogenic related genes including StAR and HSD17β3 in the cadmium-treated testes. In this study, ChV could enhance male fertility under normal or stressful conditions and ameliorate the adverse effects of hazardous heavy metals that are widely distributed in our environment.

Assessment of copper nanoparticlestreatment on male accessory reproductive organs and epididymis in a mouse model: A morphological and biochemical study.

Although the usage of nanoparticles has expanded substantially in recent years, and it causes the detrimental effect on the various organs. CuNPs are widely used in commercial applications. There has been minimal investigation into the possibly harmful effects of CuNPs on the accessory reproductive organs. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of CuNPs on the male reproductive organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate of mice. The mice were exposed orally to CuNPs at three doses 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 70 days. Our results showed that the organs index of only vas deferens and prostate reduced at 200 mg/kg group compared to the control. However, the histological study showed degenerative changes in the epididymis at higher doses like distortion in the tubules. The sperm parameters were also decreased in the 200 mg/kg CuNPs group. The vas deferens in 100 and 200 mg/kg treatment groups exhibited detachment of luminal epithelium and with a few or no spermatozoa in the higher dose group. The seminal vesicle and prostate also showed degenerative changes like atrophy, hyperplasia, and scant secretary materials. Furthermore, CuNPs also increased the oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzymes in vas deferens and seminal vesicles at higher dose. Caput epididymis showed decreased GPx enzymes in all the groups. However, MDA and GPx in corpus, cauda, and prostate did not show any significant variations among all the groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that CuNPs can manifest the detrimental effect of the male accessory organs and epididymis in a dose and tissue dependent manner. Since, detrimental effects were observed only at higher dose, thus, uses of CuNPs would be safe for reproductive organs at lower dose, even for the prolonged duration.

Effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Bridella ferruginea stem bark on the spermatogenesis, accessory reproductive organs, and organosomatic indices in pubertal male Rattus norvegicus

Effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Bridella ferruginea stem bark on the spermatogenesis, accessory reproductive organs, and organosomatic indices in pubertal male Rattus norvegicus

Effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Bridella ferruginea stem bark on the spermatogenesis, accessory reproductive organs, and organosomatic indices in pubertal male Rattus Norvegicus

There is an increasing trend in the usage of medicinal plants in livestock production with some significantly toxic effects especially to vital organs such as reproductive tissues which necessitates this search. Twenty (20) matured male rats weighing 150-239g randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=5) were used for the sub-acute toxicity. Group 1 rats were treated with distilled water while groups 2-4 were treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg respectively of the aqueous methanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark (AMEBFSB) for 30 days. Animals were terminated on day 31 and some of the reproductive organs were collected and weighed. The Cauda epididymis served as a semen source for sperm analysis and testes were collected for histological examination. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the final body weights, average weights of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland of the treated groups as compared to the control. The semen evaluated showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in sperm motility, sperm count, and percent normal sperm cell morphology in the 400mg/kg group, no significant difference (p<0.05) in the sperm viability and acrosome integrity as compared to control. Photomicrograph revealed loss and thinning of germinal epithelium and widened seminiferous tubule lumen. In conclusion, the oral administration of AMEBFSB for 30 days in male rats showed that the plant has antispermatogenic effects on reproductive functions.

New Data on Reproductive System and Spermatozoa Confirm Macrodasys as a Model in Comparative Reproductive Analysis in Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)

Gastrotricha Macrodasyida, aquatic worms, are primarily hermaphrodites with internal cross-fertilization and indirect sperm transfer. Insightful information on this matter dates to 1978 and derives from an illuminating work focused on two Macrodasys species. The role as a “model” of this taxon clashes, however, with the relative paucity of data concerning the ultrastructure of the accessory organs involved in the sperm transfer. Therefore, we have undertaken a new study on three additional species of Macrodasys focusing on the frontal and caudal organs and also on the spermatozoa. Our observations confirmed the structural plan of the reproductive system reported for the genus, but found some differences concerning the accessory reproductive organs. Most importantly, we found spermatozoa inside the caudal organ of several single specimens, suggestive of a more plausible hypothesis about sperm transfer modality in Macrodasys. In the spermatozoa, the position of the mitochondrion outside rather than inside the nucleus has been confirmed as a major difference between the spermatozoa of Macrodasys species and those of the other Macrodasyida. We suggest that the peculiar structure of the mature spermatozoon of Macrodasys could derive from an incomplete process of spermatogenesis and hence it would be useful to infer phylogenetic alliances.

Histomorphometric changes in the ovaries of thymectomized guinea pigs

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function is necessary for maintaining proper female reproductive cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian histomorphometric and histoarchitectural changes in neonatal, prepubertal and pubertal thymectomized female guinea pigs. A total of 30 female guinea pigs, sham-operated (n-5) and thymectomized (n-5) were studied in each group. The diameter and number of ovarian follicles among the thymectomized and sham operated female guinea pigs during estrus phase of estrous cycle was compared. Gonadal and accessory reproductive organs weights and microscopic features were studied in the sham operated guinea pigs and thymectomized. There were statistically significant changes in the number and diameter of follicles in the ovary in neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs, but no significant changes were observed in prepubertal and pubertal female guinea pigs. Neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs showed significant changes in their weight as well as changes in the microscopic features including reduced thickness of myometrium of uterus and less mucosal folding in the fallopian tube compared to the sham-operated group. But prepubertal and pubertal thymectomy did not affect the weight and microscopic features of gonads and accessory reproductive organs. Depending on the time of thymectomy, these results indicate morphological changes in the ovaries after thymectomy in females.

A Krüppel-like factor is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians.

Sexually reproducing animals segregate their germline from their soma. In addition to gamete-producing gonads, planarian and parasitic flatworm reproduction relies on yolk cell–generating accessory reproductive organs (vitellaria) supporting development of yolkless oocytes. Despite the importance of vitellaria for flatworm reproduction (and parasite transmission), little is known about this unique evolutionary innovation. Here, we examine reproductive system development in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, in which pluripotent stem cells generate both somatic and germ cell lineages. We show that a homolog of the pluripotency factor Klf4 is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs), presumptive germline stem cells (GSCs), and yolk cell progenitors. Knockdown of this klf4-like (klf4l) gene results in animals that fail to specify or maintain germ cells; surprisingly, they also fail to maintain yolk cells. We find that yolk cells display germ cell–like attributes and that vitellaria are structurally analogous to gonads. In addition to identifying a new proliferative cell population in planarians (yolk cell progenitors) and defining its niche, our work provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that flatworm germ cells and yolk cells share a common evolutionary origin.

The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.

The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine glands, the skin glands as an accessory reproductive organ to support postnatal survival of offspring by producing milk as a source of nutrition. The mammary gland development begins during embryogenesis as a rudimentary structure that grows into an elementary branched ductal tree and is embedded in one end of a larger mammary fat pad at birth. At the onset of ovarian function at puberty, the rudimentary ductal system undergoes dramatic morphogenetic change with ductal elongation and branching. During pregnancy, the alveolar differentiation and tertiary branching are completed, and during lactation, the mature milk-producing glands eventually develop. The early stages of mammary development are hormonal independent, whereas during puberty and pregnancy, mammary gland development is hormonal dependent. We highlight the current understanding of molecular regulators involved during different stages of mammary gland development.

Comparative reproductive toxicity of phthalate on male and female reproductive potential of rodent when exposure occurs during developmental period

Phthalates are esters of 1, 2-dibenzene dicarboxylic acid, widely used in a variety of commodities such as vinyl flooring, lubricants, and various personal-care products like soaps, shampoos, hair sprays, etc. Phthalates are also used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, which helps to make the plastics softer and more durable. Because of their widespread use, both adults and children get exposed to them. Given the fact that phthalates are not chemically bonded to the plastic matrix, they can leak out and pollute the environment around the plastic matrix.Number of studies have indicated that phthalate exposure relates to significant health hazards, including developmental and reproductive damage. Phthalates, according to the findings of the current review, are toxic to the reproductive organs of both male and female fetuses and weanlings when they get exposed during the pregnancy. Several studies have shown that organisms in their growth and developmental stages are especially sensitive to the harmful effects of chemicals, which may have a severe influence on the physiology of foetuses and young animals. Moreover, parameters such as age, gender, immunity, and other variables influence the impact of toxicants. When it comes to male reproductive organs, phthalates have mostly been found to have an adverse impact. While in adult females only few research studies have found harmful effects on female reproductive system. Phthalates have been shown to cause reduced fertility, decreased testicular weight, changes in accessory reproductive organs, and a variety of other female reproductive diseases, among other effects. These findings include an examination of mice female and male reproductive potential, as well as the impact of phthalates on their respective reproductive capabilities when exposure occurs during the formative stage of development.

Evaluation of Triclosan-induced reproductive impairments in the accessory reproductive organs and sperm indices in the mice

Highly effective antimicrobial properties of triclosan (TCS) make its use as a widely used preservative in different types of consumer products. TCS is reported as an emerging endocrine disruptor causing reproductive impairments in the males as well as in the females. The present study describes the adverse effects of various doses of TCS (40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg BW/day, for 42 consecutive days) on the weights and histopathology of the epididymis and seminal vesicle, sperm indices (motility, viability, count and morphology), concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose, along with TCS accumulated in these accessory reproductive organs of the laboratory mouse. TCS induced significant reductions in the weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicle along with noticeable histopathological alterations in these organs. TCS caused significant reductions in the count, percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa while a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in the epididymis. Concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose declined significantly in the treated mice. A significant increase was noticed in the concentration of TCS, accumulated in the epididymis and seminal vesicle following TCS exposure at a high dose (320 mg/kg BW/day). The results thus suggest that the accessory sex organs are also affected deleteriously following TCS exposure, leading to impairment in the male reproductive health.

Associations between plasma testosterone levels and season, nutritional status, age, and body size in free-ranging male Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in central Honshu, Japan

Testosterone is an important regulator of male reproduction in terms of spermatogenesis and physiological changes in the accessory reproductive organs. Despite the important role of the testosterone level in male reproduction, testosterone levels vary among male bears even during the breeding season, and the causative underlying factors remain unknown. We postulated that testosterone levels are higher during the breeding season than during other seasons in free-ranging male bears, and that testosterone levels increase with advancing age, larger body size, and better nutritional status. We assessed potential factors (season, time of sampling, body condition index, head circumference, and age) associated with the testosterone level in 80 blood samples collected from free-ranging Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) captured in barrel traps in the Ashio–Nikko Mountains and Okutama Mountains in central Honshu Island, Japan. The plasma testosterone level was higher during the breeding season (May–July) than during the non-breeding season (August–November). The body condition index was significantly and positively associated with the plasma testosterone level. None of the other factors were significantly associated with the plasma testosterone level. Therefore, the body condition index may be essential for maintaining high plasma testosterone levels. These findings imply that testosterone secretion might be activated in free-ranging males during the breeding season, and animals with good nutritional status may be able to maintain high plasma testosterone levels. This study uncovered an association between nutritional conditions and reproductive activity in male bears.

Fluoride induced testicular toxicities in adult Wistar rats

Fluoride is essential for the development of teeth and bone but its excessive exposure causes reprotoxic effects. We have studied the graded effects of different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) on 24 adult Wistar rats which were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). All the rats were given normal diet prepared in our laboratory. Control (group I) rats were received vehicle only and treated rats (group II, III, and IV) were administered NaF orally at 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg/d doses, respectively, for 30 consecutive days. Gravimetric index of testis was decreased significantly in group III and IV rats but such changes were not observed in the accessory reproductive organs. Marked alterations in number, motility, viability, and plasma membrane functional integrity of caudal spermatozoa were noted in most of the treated groups. Noticeable alterations in testicular histoarchitecture were observed in group III and IV rats. Graded Changes of testicular redox homeostasis were noted by assessment of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase, glutathione s-transferase [GST], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) and nonenzymatic (malondialdehyde [MDA] and protein carbonyl [PC]) markers. Changes of testicular functional markers (acid phosphatase [ACP], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity) were noted in group III and IV rats. DNA fragmentation assay proved the possibility of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, as evidenced by prominent trailing pattern of fragmented testicular genomic DNA from group III and IV rats. The study concludes that fluoride-mediated oxidative stress not only impedes the structural and functional facets of testis but also results in testicular DNA damage.

Discovery of two ‘chimeric’ Gastrotricha and their systematic placement based on an integrative approach

AbstractSublittoral sand from the islands of Sardinia (Italy) and Flores (Azores) – separated by more than 3700 km linear distance and 8 years between two independent sampling campaigns – yielded conspicuous specimens of two bizarre, yet undescribed, species of the marine gastrotrich clade Macrodasyida. These gastrotrichs combine several character traits that were already known from two, non-related genera. Morphological data were carefully analysed and digitally documented, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were used for phylogenetic inference. The results of these analyses claim for the erection of a new genus. Specimens of the new taxon have a body length of less than 400 µm and are characterized by a wide, funnel-shaped mouth opening shielded dorsally by an oral hood and possess a posterior peduncle that ends with a Y-shaped pair of appendages that carry the posterior adhesive tubes. Further tubes occur as anterior, ventrolateral and lateral series; the gonads are unpaired and there is a set of two accessory reproductive organs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the results of former studies and clearly place the new taxon in Thaumastodermatidae. We hereby propose the establishment of Chimaeradasys gen. nov. and describe C. oligotubulatus sp. nov. from the Azores and C. polytubulatus sp. nov. from Sardinia.

Spermatogenic Efficacy of Pausinystalia yohimbe (K. Schum.) Pierre ex Beille Roots in Male Rats

Background: The roots of Pausinystalia yohimbe have been traditionally acclaimed as aphrodisiac. In the present study, methanol extract of the root was evaluated for its effect on sexual orientation behaviour and spermatogenesis in albino Wistar rats. Methods: Forty five (45) male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of nine rats each. Rats in group I (control) were administered 1 mL/kg body weight distilled water (vehicle), group II received 5 mg/kg body weight sildenafil citrate (Viagra), while those in groups III, IV, and V were given 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of methanol extract of Pausinystalia yohimbe root in the same volume. Female albino rats were made receptive by hormonal treatment. Sexual orientation behaviour parameters were monitored on days 1, 7 and 14 by pairing with receptive females. A change in sexual orientation behaviuor was assessed by orientation towards female, towards environment and towards self, while spermatogenic activity was evaluated on day 14. Results: Administration of the extract had pronounced effect on sexual orientation behaviour of male towards the female rats on days 7 and 14. Males treated with the extract displayed more frequent and vigorous anogenital sniffing and mounting as compared to untreated animals. Libido was also at increase in extract treated male rats. The extract had stimulated the spermatogenetic activity and accessory reproductive organs performance in albino rats. The increased spermatogenesis in extract treated groups was confirmed by change in histoarchitecture as evidenced by increase in number of spermatogenic elements and parameters. Conclusion: P. yohimbe exhibited remarkable increase in sexual orientation, libido and spermatogenic activity which are some of the indices that determine the ability of a male to produce viable spermatozoa. These findings support the folk use of this plant as an aphrodisiac.

Expressions of Semenogelin Gene in Male Syrian Hamsters according to Photoperiod.

The morphogenetically matured spermatozoa (sperm) are generated in the testes by the spermatogenesis. They travel male reproductive tract with many substances secreted from the accessory reproductive organs. One of the substances is the semenogelin (SEMG) released from the seminal vesicles that is involved in the post-testicular maturation. The expression of SEMG gene was investigated in seminal vesicle tissues of sexually matured and regressed male Syrian hamsters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SEMG gene was uniquely identified in the seminal vesicles of the matured Syrian hamsters and compared to the genes reported previously. But the expression of SEMG gene was not observed in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian hamsters. These results indicate that the expressions of the SEMG gene are related to the reproductive capability in the male Syrian hamsters.

Preclinical aphrodisiac investigation of ethanol extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaves

Sexual dysfunction is a widely found disorder worldwide now a day because of busy lifestyle and stress. Management of disease is somewhat difficult because of cost and shortage of effective treatment. In the present paper authors have investigated effect of ethanolic extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaves as aphrodisiac potential on albino rats. The dried leaves of plant were extracted by cold maceration method using ethanol. It was investigated for in vivo aphrodisiac activity. Plant extract was administered at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 45 days. The effect of extract on general mating behavior, potency test, morphological studies, organ weight and sperm motility were tested. The results were compared with standard reference sildenafil citrate. The acute toxicity of the drug extract was also checked. On oral administration of ethanol extract 200 and 400 mg/kg doses on 15th, 30th and 45th day of treatment in all treated groups significantly increased intromission latency, mounting frequency, ejaculatory latency and significantly decreased intromission latency, mounting latency, inter intromission interval and post ejaculatory interval. Test for potency showed significant increase in long flips, quick flips and erections. In all experimental animals morphological study showed significant increase in main and accessory reproductive organs weight and sperm motility. As compared to the control the prolonged treatments for all treated groups were highly effective. This showed that aphrodisiac activity has been shown by ethanol extract but it is less than the standard. The present study showed that ethanol extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaf increase sexual behavior in rats. Thus it supports the claim for this drug as an aphrodisiac.

MP60-02 MOLECULAR CHANGES INDUCED BY MIRABEGRON IN RAT SERTOLI CELL PRIMARY CULTURE

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfertility: Basic Research & Pathophysiology1 Apr 2018MP60-02 MOLECULAR CHANGES INDUCED BY MIRABEGRON IN RAT SERTOLI CELL PRIMARY CULTURE Mikito Tanaka, Koji Chiba, Takaki Ishida, Kenta Sumii, Teruo Fukuda, Keisuke Okada, Kei Matsushita, and Masato Fujisawa Mikito TanakaMikito Tanaka More articles by this author , Koji ChibaKoji Chiba More articles by this author , Takaki IshidaTakaki Ishida More articles by this author , Kenta SumiiKenta Sumii More articles by this author , Teruo FukudaTeruo Fukuda More articles by this author , Keisuke OkadaKeisuke Okada More articles by this author , Kei MatsushitaKei Matsushita More articles by this author , and Masato FujisawaMasato Fujisawa More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1894AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Beta-adrenoceptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. Mirabegron is a selective beta3-adrenoceptor (ADRB3) agonist that has been approved for the treatment of overactive bladder. Studies in rats showed that mirabegron was associated with atrophy and/or reduced weights of the accessory reproductive organs, and in females, prolonged diestrus and decreased numbers of live fetuses. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of mirabegron on the molecular expressions in rat Sertoli cell (SC) primary culture. METHODS SCs were purified from testes of 18-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary cultures were treated with 1μM mirabegron in the absence or presence of 10μM U0126, a selective non-competitive inhibitor of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase. Immunofluorescent (IF) study was performed using the primary SC culture to determine the expression of ADRB3 in rat SCs. Protein samples were extracted from whole cell homogenates. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to explore phosphorylation of MAP kinases. Total RNA was also extracted from SCs. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (q-PCR) analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of tight junction related mRNAs. RESULTS IF study showed that ADRB3 was present in rat SCs. WB analyses showed that mirabegron treatment induced the significant activation of p44/42 MAPK. Q-PCR showed that mirabegron treatment led to significant increase in claudin-11 mRNA levels. After additional treatment with U0126, mirabegron-induced up-regulation of Claudin-11 had reduced. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ADRB3 is present in rat SCs. ADRB3 may be associated with spermatogenesis through p44/42 MAPK induced tight junction molecules alteration in rat SCs. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e790 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Mikito Tanaka More articles by this author Koji Chiba More articles by this author Takaki Ishida More articles by this author Kenta Sumii More articles by this author Teruo Fukuda More articles by this author Keisuke Okada More articles by this author Kei Matsushita More articles by this author Masato Fujisawa More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Stress in Accessory Reproductive Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a food additive but its excessive intake leads to oxidative stress of several organs. However, the oxidative effect of MSG on male accessory reproductive organs remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MSG on the status of oxidative stress and morphological alterations in the male accessory reproductive organs such as epididymis, prostate glands and seminal vesicle of Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 8 rats per group. Control group received distilled water (1 ml/kg) while MSG60 and MSG120 received 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg of MSG, respectively. All the substances were administered via force feed oral for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the accessory organs for biochemical analysis and histological observations. The SOD activity in the epididymis showed a significant increase in MSG60 and MSG120 compared to control (p < 0.05). The GSH levels in the epididymis of MSG 120 showed a significant reduction (p <0.05) compared to the control group. The levels of MDA and PC in the epididymis and prostate gland of MSG60 and MSG120 showed a significant increased (p <0.05) compared to the control group. Histological alterations were found in the epididymis and prostate gland of MSG treated rats. In conclusion, MSG at both doses induced oxidative stress in the epididymis and prostate gland of experimental rats. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-10

Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Stress in Accessory Reproductive Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Stress in Accessory Reproductive Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats