Access To Green Areas Research Articles

ЧИННИКИ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ ТА ОЦІНКА ПРОБЛЕМ ЗЕЛЕНИХ ЗОН КИЄВА ЙОГО МЕШКАНЦЯМИ

Living in an urban environment poses additional risks to human health and psychological comfort. Green and blue zones of the city, providing ecosystem services, in particular cultural services (CES), reduce such risks. In our opinion, the consumption of CES to the maximum extent requires, among other things, that green areas are perceived as attractive to humans. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to find out the factors of perception and identify the reasons that underlie the choice of green areas for visiting, as well as limit the possibilities of their usage. The empirical material of the study was the data collected in the framework of the project Transnational partnership towards academic integration in Europe: Urban blue-green infrastructure in Europe’s East and West (LINC). To collect the data, an unlimited online survey and a direct survey of Kyiv residents in the form of individual interviews were used. The survey revealed the main factors of residents’ positive perceptions of green spaces. Kyiv inhabitants consider the spaces with woody vegetation and water bodies to be the most attractive. The nature of the green areas usage indicated that the most popular are the CEPs for recreation (87%), maintenance of moral and psychological (64%) as well as physical (52%) health. Thus, the areas that are able to provide them are chosen by Kyiv citizens as attractive for visiting. Also, the study identified problems that limit visiting green areas. Most of them are related to poor maintenance and lack of time for visiting. Littering was identified as the main problem (83.5%). However, the overall level of satisfaction of residents with the condition, quantity, and accessibility of green areas, which had above average and high scores, indicate that the problems related to individual areas, and not to the blue-green infrastructure of the city in general.

The Environmental Dimension of City Dwellers’ Quality of Life and the City’s Social and Spatial Variability

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to attempt an analysis of the environmental dimension of the quality of life using quantitative surveys conducted among residents of Gdansk. In the paper, we make reference to the theoretical assumptions ensuing from the concept of a comprehensive and integrated approach to the development of the urban environment, whilst noting the profound impact humans bring to their evaluation of the environmental components. The paper focuses primarily on the inhabitants’ attitudes to the environmental values of their place of residence in relation to things such as the condition and accessibility of green areas, air quality, potable water quality and noise intensity. The surveys indicate that views on the city’s environmental values are determined by numerous factors, such as the city’s territorial structure (districts) and its demographic structure (sex, age), and psychosocial features, such as a subjective sense of mental well-being.

Quality of life in the context of the distance from the city centre and access to green areas, illustrated with the case of Kraków district

The aim of the study was to determine the diversity in the standard of living of the inhabitants across the municipalities that make up the Kraków district (powiat krakowski). The study ex- amined the socio-economic conditions and the relationship between the standard of living and the distance from the central city. In their research, the authors also attempted to determine the relationship between the quality of life and the accessibility of green areas. The standard of living and accessibility of green areas were defined as synthetic indicators, using the non-model method. In order to verify the research questions, the Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was applied. The basis for calculating the value of the green areas accessibility index was a network analysis conducted using the QGIS 3.16 software, applied to the CORINE Land Cover 2018 and OpenStreetMap data. The research on the standard of living and quality of life was based on data from public statistics. Ultimately, two classifications were obtained: (1) the standard of living and the quality of life, and (2) the accessibility of green areas. Significant differences in the values of the quality of life and standard of living index were demonstrated. It was concluded that the municipalities of Wielka Wieś, Zabierzów, and Zielonki have the highest standard of living of all the studied area. The best accessibility of green areas is found in the Krzeszowice municipality. In the analysed area, no significant correlation was found between the standard of living and the accessibility of green areas. The results can be applied, among others, in conducting marketing activities of administrative units and as an aid in determining areas requiring the attention of local authorities.

Using GIS Analysis to Assess Urban Green Space in Terms of Real Estate Development

Urban green spaces (UGS) contribute to the development of the ecosystem, especially in crowded urban areas such as cooling effect, air and noise pollution mitigation, recreation, aesthetic pleasure, quality of life and public health, as well as economic benefits, such as raising the price of the real state in the vicinity of UGS. The aim of the paper is to realize a study on green spaces and an urban distribution of the size of a systematic planning of functional and aesthetic qualities. This study examines the distribution and amount of green space, as well as the size and rates per capita are assessed. Even the distribution of distance and the accessibility of green areas throughout the city are closely linked to ensuring recreational needs. Spatial statistics using GIS have made possible the development of correct, coherent explanatory UGS variables such as distance, size, density, connectivity, sight and accessibility. The parks and all green spaces composed of polygons were digitized from the ArcGIS Attribute Table for the evaluation of per capita rates and the execution of a plan to combat the deficit of green spaces. In order to make an assessment of the green spaces, a comparative study of the area of interest from 2010 and 2020 was considered. According to the spatial analyses from ArcGis, during the 10 years, an intense real estate market was developed, affecting the distribution of green spaces per capita.

City Resilience to Population Ageing In the Context of Spatial (In)Accessibility. The Case of Poznań and Łódź

The ageing of the society is a serious factor affecting the prospects of urban development. Unfavourable demographic changes disturb the functioning of the urban system, thus forcing adaptive activities leading to a new state of balance in the organism of a city. The ageing of urban society requires a new look at the organisation of space in the city. The importance of planning age‑friendly cities is rising fast. Due to the low mobility of the elderly, it is important to plan their direct living environment, ensuring access to facilities or areas that meet the basic needs of this particular group of urban space users. As part of the answer to the question: to what extent the cities of Poznań and Łódź are resilient to the ageing process in spatial terms, an analysis was performed of the accessibility of green areas, sports and recreation facilities, service and commercial, cultural, healthcare facilities and public transport stops for the elderly population. This resulted in the delimitation of problem areas characterised by functional and spatial deficits and the development of the two cities’ resilience indexes to demographic changes, namely, ageing in spatial terms.

Unlinking of Green Areas with Natural Systems in Temuco, Chile

Strategic intervention of green areas in cities with environmental problems can be an opportunity for sustainable urban development under an integral and systemic planning point of view. This study approaches the potential of natural systems inserted in the urban area of Temuco to contribute to environmental, socio-cultural and economic pertinence of the city. Methodologically, a cadaster was constructed with GIS and field work, which allowed the quantitative-qualitative evaluation of landscape indicators associated to the endowment, distribution and accessibility of green areas. We identify that despite surpassing the WHO’s standard, there are problems of territorial equality and integration with existing natural systems within the city. Therefore, this good standard of surface area is not contributing to sustainable development, mitigation of environmental problems or natural risks. This favored by Chilean urban regulations that encourage the development of green remnant area.

A tale of two cities—From separation to common green connectivity for maintaining of biodiversity and well-being

The provision of health and well-being is one of the fundamental tasks of urban green infrastructure. This requires a new estimation of the strategic distribution and accessibility of green areas. Gorizia and Nova Gorica are two cities lying next to each other on either side of the border between Italy and Slovenia. Due to political circumstances, they developed independently, which applies to their green areas as well. Urban city areas and other land cover classes were extracted from the CORINE Land Cover map; the digital data were processed using ArcGIS. At the landscape hierarchical level, the importance of natural vegetation remnants was assessed based on current land use maps. Forest patches, hedgerows, remnants of natural vegetation, and spontaneous afforestation on abandoned agricultural lands were detected and delineated using CNES digital images and digital orthophoto images. The green areas positioned in the two interior city areas were delineated separately according to data on the two cities’ green areas. We estimated the forest continuum separately, based on the oldest cartographic sources from the end of the 18th century, the Franziscean cadastre from the early 19th century, and the Italian cadastre from 1940. We estimated the interior or core area of the forest patches based on studies of habitat fragmentation and the depth of the forest edge. Our research theory is based on the proven sustainability of indispensable spatial patterns emerging from landscape ecology that are especially necessary in altered (rural, urban) landscapes. Our results show that the most important pattern of green areas supporting the well-being of both cities’ inhabitants can be achieved by the mutual development of the two major urban forests, each situated in one of the cities, in addition to riparian corridors and bits of nature represented by public parks. Collaborative planning between the two cities would enhance common benefits, including future economic and social influences and innovations.

Spatial distribution of vegetation cover in Erbil city districts using high-resolution Pléiades satellite image

Green spaces are playing an essential role for ecological balance and for human health in the city as well.They play a fundamental role in providing opportunities for relaxation and enjoying the beauty of naturefor the urban population. Therefore, it is important to produce detailed vegetation maps to assist plannersin designing strategies for the optimisation of urban ecosystem services and to provide a suitable planfor climate change adaptation in one fast growing city. Hence, this research is an investigation using 0.5m high-resolution multispectral Pléiades data integrated with GIS data and techniques to detect andevaluate the spatial distribution of vegetation cover in Erbil City. A supervised classification was usedto classify different land cover types, and a normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was usedto retrieve it for the city districts. Moreover, to evaluate the accessibility of green space based on theirdistance and size, a buffer zone criterion was used. The results indicate that the built-up land coverageis 69% and vegetation land cover is 14%. Regarding NDVI results, the spatial distribution of vegetationcover was various and, in general, the lowest NDVI values were found in the districts located in the citycentre. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of vegetation land cover regarding the city districts wasnon-equal and non-concentric. The newly built districts and the districts far from the Central BusinessDistrict (CBD) recorded the lowest vegetation cover compared with the older constructed districts.Furthermore, most of the districts have a lack of access to green spaces based on their distance and size.Distance and accessibility of green areas throughout the city are not equally distributed. The majority ofthe city districts have access to green areas within radius buffer of two kilometres, whereas the lowestaccessibility observed for those districts located in the northeast of the city in particular (Xanzad,Brayate, Setaqan and Raperin). Our study is one of the first investigations of decision-making supportof the spatial planning in a fast-growing city in Iraq and will have a utilitarian impact on developmentprocesses and local and regional planning for Erbil City in the future.

Using GIS analysis to assess urban green space in terms of accessibility: case study in Kutahya

It should be possible, for a city, to achieve a healthy environment, an active green space, and an urban distribution of the size of a systematic planning of functional and aesthetic qualities, and it will be possible with the development of an urban design concept. The adequacy of the standard value of green space is usually specified in the relevant legislation, and the current per capita of the city is identified by comparing it to the amount of green space. In this study, the distribution and amount of green space in Kutahya is examined as well as the distribution of green areas on a neighbourhood scale. Size and per capita rates are evaluated. Even distribution of the distance and accessibility of green areas throughout the city are closely related to the provision of recreational needs. Different sizes of green area, recreational activities, and accessibility standards vary depending on the city unit they serve. According to the digitization of parks composed of polygons in the ArcGIS attribute table for calculation, parks in the study area consist of 167 different parcels, 48 of which (28%) are 1500 m2 or less in area. Most small parklands were 306 m2; the largest urban park is at the southern entrance of the city, with an area of 109.214 m2. Parks in the study area cover a total area of 614.272 m2. Functionally linked, an integrated system of green spaces will allow the city to develop this natural potential in a sustainable way.

Environmental issues of the Ljubljana urban region

The main environmental problems of Ljubljana urban region which are obstacle of sustain-able development are presented in the paper, especially the main sources of air pollution and water manegment. Actual quality of life in urban environment is seen also in noise pollu-tion, quality and accessibility of green areas and in traffic. On the end the article discusses the attitudes of Ljubljana residents to environmental problems and quality of life in urban region.

Environmental issues of the Ljubljana urban region

The main environmental problems of Ljubljana urban region which are obstacle of sustain-able development are presented in the paper, especially the main sources of air pollution and water manegment. Actual quality of life in urban environment is seen also in noise pollu-tion, quality and accessibility of green areas and in traffic. On the end the article discusses the attitudes of Ljubljana residents to environmental problems and quality of life in urban region.