Access To Cultural Heritage Research Articles

XR 기술을 이용한 공주 근대문화유산의 가치 재현과 활용

Gongju, widely known as the second capital of Baekje, boasts a variety of cultural heritages, not only from the Baekje period but also from more recent times. Among these, Modern History Street holds considerable value due to its historical significance and the stories it contains. Recently, there has been a growing interest in reproducing and preserving cultural heritage using ICT (Information and Communication Technology). This paper explores ways to reproduce and utilize Gongju's modern cultural heritage using ICT technology. The ‘ICT Realistic Content Development Project,’ conducted as a special contest by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2021 and 2022, has helped people understand and appreciate Gongju’s modern cultural heritage through various technologies such as AR (augmented reality) and the metaverse. Digital heritage, appropriately combined with reality, can effectively promote the value and influence of cultural heritage to the public. In the process of connecting the past and the present, digital heritage can play a key role in ensuring the sustainability and accessibility of cultural heritage.

Digitalizing cultural heritage through metaverse applications: challenges, opportunities, and strategies

Preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage have become essential with the rapid advancements of globalization and modernization endeavors constantly threatening historical artifacts and sites across the world. The advent of the metaverse, with its immersive and interactive capabilities, presents a novel approach to safeguarding and promoting cultural heritage. The current study aims to explore the potential of metaverse applications in digitalizing cultural heritage, encompassing virtual reconstructions, educational outreach, global accessibility, and sustainability. It conducts a systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines to collect, screen, and evaluate existing research enquiries into investigating current practices and technologies in the digitalization of heritage preservation. The study also conducts case study research to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with the virtual preservation of tangible and intangible cultural assets, including issues of authenticity, representation, and sustainability. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of metaverse applications on public engagement and cultural education. The findings provide valuable insights into developing innovative strategies for preserving cultural heritage in the digital age while highlighting best practices and guidelines for optimizing metaverse applications in cultural heritage preservation.

Implementation of a Gamification-Based Metaverse Exhibition: A Case Study of the Farewell Museum

The increasing adoption of metaverse exhibitions aims to overcome the limitations of traditional offline exhibitions by enhancing accessibility and creating imaginative spaces without temporal and spatial constraints. This study explores how incorporating gamification into metaverse exhibitions can leverage the strengths of online and offline experiences. By integrating metaverse elements and gamification, we designed an interactive metaverse space and evaluated its effectiveness through user feedback. Our findings indicate that guiding visitors to complete missions within the metaverse enhances their understanding of the offline exhibition narratives, thereby increasing their engagement with the exhibition themes. Furthermore, online experiences in the metaverse can stimulate interest in offline exhibitions, promoting visitor attendance. The metaverse space also encourages users to contribute personal stories to the exhibition content, fostering continuous content expansion. This approach strengthens the connection between online and offline exhibitions, increases visitor engagement, and promotes repeat visits, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional exhibitions. Additionally, metaverse exhibitions enhance the preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage through digital archiving, offering inclusive participation opportunities and promoting social sustainability. This study underscores the potential of metaverse exhibitions to evolve beyond technological innovation toward contributing to social sustainability.

An Analysis of the Structural Properties of 3D Printed Square Blocks Prepared using Sustainable Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Material

For a wide range of utilization, 3D printing is a swiftly developing technology that demands meticulous evaluation of materials, production speed, and resolution. Significant outcomes have been obtained from the application of 3D technology in Cultural Heritage (CH) protection, the valorisation process, communication, and asset incorporation; this is especially true of interdisciplinary initiatives including manufacturing engineering, computer-generated records, and CH accessibility. The primary factors influencing the layout and choosing materials for additive manufacturing are applicability and fabrication technique. A wide range of materials, comprising ceramics and metals, hydro-gels, thermoplastic substances and combinations of these substances, can be used. This study investigates the design and fatigue analysis of a 3D-printed square block made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) under various test conditions, including static structural analysis for compression, fatigue analysis and total deformation within the block layer. The uniform stress distribution was also discussed in detail, as well as the design life and safety factors of the block under fatigue conditions, with its natural frequencies observed in experimental results adjusted the printing parameters for and maintained the process to ensure the best output quality. Post-publication steps included detailed analysis and mechanical testing to verify mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy.

Cultural Heritage Accessibility in the Digital Era and the Greek Legal Framework

New technologies provide great opportunities for cultural heritage to become more widely accessible and for cultural experience to be more meaningful. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the strengths and vulnerabilities of the cultural heritage sector and the need to accelerate its digital transformation to make the most of the opportunities it provides. The Commission Recommendation on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation (2011/711/EU) concluded that there is an urgent need to protect and preserve European cultural heritage, and, in particular, endangered cultural heritage is still present. However, the diversity of legal approaches to cultural heritage by the Member States discourages the creation of a common European data space for cultural heritage as the European Commission recently proclaimed. In Greece, there have been significant efforts in recent decades to digitise and digitally preserve cultural heritage goods. However, the attention was not drew upon the accessibility and reuse of the digitized cultural heritage content. According to the relevant regulatory framework the existing rules on the use of digital technologies for the reproduction, use and preservation of cultural heritage content is obviously outdated. According to the paragraphs 4 and 5 of article 46 of the Greek Code for the protection of antiquities and cultural heritage in general (Law 4858/2021), a previous permission granted by the Ministry of Culture is required for the production, reproduction and dissemination to the public of impressions, copies or depictions of monuments belonging to the Public Sector, or immovable monuments that are located within archaeological sites and historical places or are isolated, or movable monuments that are kept in museums or public collections, in any way and by any means whatsoever, including Information Communication Technologies. Such permission is granted to natural or legal persons for a fee paid to the Hellenic Organization of Cultural Resources Development (HOCRED) upon the decision of the Minister of Culture, while the decision also specifies the temporal validity of the permission, the terms on which the permission is granted and the fee that must be paid. The production, reproduction and use of the aforementioned goods for other purposes, such as artistic, educational or scientific purposes, is again allowed for a fee paid to HOCRED, however, the fee can be waived upon the decision of the Minister of Culture. This Paper will examine the existing Greek legal framework and will attempt to propose an appropriate framework that will ensure open access to the digitized cultural heritage assets, enhance the recovery and transformation of the cultural heritage sector and support cultural heritage institutions in becoming more empowered and more resilient in the future.

The Role of Electronic Libraries in Cultural Heritage Saving and Accessibility

The aim of the article is to highlight the importance of saving cultural heritage, to investigate the role played by electronic libraries in this process, and to analyze current directions of their activity, as well as problems of their adaptation to the realities of today.
 Research methods ground on the combination of general scientific, interscientific and actually scientific principles of scientific knowledge: objectivity, historicism, research evidence, conceptual and terminological uniformity and accuracy, integrity, practical orientation. Theoretical, culturological and social-communication-informational approaches were also used, which made it possible to analyze the role of electronic libraries as a system of social and informational communications aimed at effective saving and accessibility of rare and unique documents.
 Scientific novelty consists in highlighting the dynamics of the technological development of information technologies, and their use for saving and accessibility of cultural heritage, the analysis of projects of electronic libraries successful use for saving and accessibility of rare and unique documents. The advantages of electronic libraries over the traditional ones were analyzed in detail, including their effectiveness in saving and accessibility of rare and unique documents that could be damaged or lost due to age or other factors.
 Main conclusions. The results of the study proved the important role of electronic libraries in saving and accessibility of rare and unique documents. The significant importance of electronic libraries as a system of social and informational communications aimed at effective saving and accessibility of rare and unique documents was confirmed Safeguarding them from damage and destruction, making these documents accessible to a wide audience via Internet, prove to enable people from all over the world to study and research rare and unique documents that would otherwise be available only to a limited number of researchers.

The Accessibility of Cultural Heritage. A New Perspective Between Relational Gaze and the Philosophy of Gesture.

The Italian museum system made significant progress in terms of accessibility. Despite the considerable increase in the number of people with functional limitations who visit museums, the percentage of those who do not visit museums is still very high, whatever the presence of limitations. Based on this empirical evidence, a new approach to the problem of accessibility becomes necessary. The paper argues in favor of a performative conception of accessibility. More specifically, it will be shown how the approach of relational sociology and the philosophy of gesture allow for elaborating a broader notion of accessibility than the prescriptive one that currently inspires most interventions. By redefining accessibility in terms of a social relationship that combines the adaptive dimension with the transmission of meanings, new possibilities emerge to make a museum visit an attractive and engaging experience. This guiding idea started to be implemented through the experimental project Smart Cultural Heritage 4 All realized at the Museo Sannitico of Campobasso (Italy).

National disability strategies as rights-based cultural policy tools

ABSTRACT A growing attention to cultural participation of people with disabilities has been propelled by the entry into force of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Being strictly connected to the implementation of the CRPD, the focus on cultural participation of people with disabilities has accrued outside the remit of national cultural policy. This article carries out a thematic analysis of national disability strategies across 27 Member States of the European Union plus the UK and explores the extent to which these strategies can be considered rights-based cultural policy tools. It identifies four themes recurring across those strategies: enhancing accessibility of cultural heritage, cultural institutions and cultural content; supporting persons with disabilities as creators of culture; awareness-raising about cultural participation of persons with disabilities; and protecting disability identity and culture. It then discusses the measures linked to these themes that national disability strategies adopt. On the whole, this article argues that national disability strategies can be, to varying degrees, considered cultural policy tools, and display significant rights-based elements. It concludes with reflections on the broader implications of those findings for cultural policy.

Indigenous Digital Storytelling for Cultural Heritage Access and Preservation

This paper reports on an examination and analysis of digital storytelling interface features and functionalities within a select number of Indigenous digital libraries and archives to support and inform the participatory and culturally-informed design and development of a digital storytelling system for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Western Arctic. The paper presents participatory and inclusive design ideas and examples from Canada, US, and Australia.

A conceptual model to increase the visibility and usage of cultural heritage objects: The case of UNESCO’s Memory of the World list1

Abstract Cultural heritage connects the past with the future by forming an integral part of the identities of societies. Thus, countries must protect their cultural heritage and create policies to ensure that people benefit today and pass the heritage on to future generations. Beyond physical protection in the face of globalization, increasing access to cultural heritage is necessary to ensure participation and evaluate practices from an international perspective. Advances in computer and communication technologies are being exploited for these requirements. Acquiring knowledge about and interacting with cultural objects in any part of the world today is possible through the digital humanities approach. In this study, a conceptual model was formed to increase visibility and usage of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Manuscripts, the Hittite cuneiform tablets from Bogazköy, the works of Ibn Sina at the Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, Evliya Çelebi’s ‘Book of Travels’, and the Old Assyrian Merchant Archives of Kültepe registered in UNESCO’s Memory of the World List. In this model, which is prepared with the digital humanities approach, best practices applied in the field are considered as examples in the literature. Suggestions are made on how to utilize digital humanities tools to increase access and visibility by revealing the economic, social, and cultural values of the works based on the model.

Facilitating Transactions and Lawful Availability of Works of Authorship

The importance of providing access to the cultural heritage1 is widely accepted. Digital technology has supplied powerful new tools to reproduce and disseminate works and at the same time has transformed the demands and expectations of end-users.2 Nevertheless, there are several issues that cultural heritage institutions (“CHIs”) must resolve in order to maintain their role of preserving and disseminating cultural heritage in the digital age. Although some of those issues are budgetary rather than legal,3copyright is obviously a key consideration in the digital use of in-copyright works by CHIs. The largest copyright challenge for CHIs is the process of identification of right holders of copyright and clearance of rights, i.e. obtaining authorization or licenses for use of in-copyright works. Stakeholders do not agree how best to facilitate CHIs in their important cultural role. Some advocate the establishment of legal exceptions whereas others favor licenses. My starting assumption is that, given the impact of online use, licensing is a more appropriate and flexible tool than exceptions. However, obtaining individual licenses for the use of in-copyright works held by CHIs is complicated, time-consuming, and costly, in particular for cross-border online use.4 Thus individual licensing is not a practical solution for CHIs except for the use of a few well-defined works. Even collective licensing does not fully solve the licensing issue because no collective management organization (“CMO”) has mandates from all right holders in a given field.5 Hence, I propose that the solution is to be found through collective licenses with legislative support, such as the system of extended collective licenses (“ECL”).6 In this essay I will start by giving a brief account of the main strands which constitute an extended collective license in the Nordic countries, where it was first developed.7 I will describe two examples where ECLs have been used to facilitate access to the cultural heritage, in Norway and Finland respectively. I will also discuss the compatibility of the system with international norms, in particular the Berne Convention,8 and finish with some reflections on challenges and benefits of the system of ECLs in facilitating access to cultural heritage.

Dijital İnsanî Bilimler: Yeni Bir Yaklaşım (Digital Humanities: A New Approach)

Dijitallesme ve bilgisayar teknolojilerindeki gelisme kulturel miras sektorune yeni acilimlar kazandirmistir. Kuresellesmenin de etkisiyle beraber kulturel mirasa erisimin kolaylasmasi, katilimciligin saglanarak uygulamalarin uluslararasi perspektiften degerlendirilmesi zorunlu hâle gelmistir. Tum bu gelismeler dijital insani bilimler adiyla yeni bir alanin, yaklasimin olusmasina katki saglamistir. Bu alanda yapilan calismalarla gunumuzde dunyanin herhangi bolgesinde var olan kulturel miras hakkinda bilgi sahibi olup etkilesimde bulunmak olanaklidir. Dunyanin onde gelen universitelerinde soz konusu alana ait kursuler olusturulurken Turkiye’de bu kavramin henuz yeni duyuldugu bilinmektedir. Her ne kadar son yillarda kulturel bellek kurumlari tarafindan kulturel mirasin dijitallestirilmesi calismalarinda sayica artis olsa da; dijital insani bilimler kapsaminda yapilan calismalar cok azdir. Bu problemden yola cikarak bu calismada dijital insani bilimler alaninin ne oldugu, neyi ifade ettigi, tarihsel gelisimi ve uygulama alanlari literatur baglaminda anlatilarak alanin tanitiminin yapilmasi amaclanmistir. Ayrica Turkiye’deki soz konusu alan kapsaminda yapilmis calismalar degerlendirilmis ve dijital insani bilimlerin bilgibilim alaniyla yakinsamasi hakkinda dunyadaki yaklasim ve uygulamalardan bahsedilmistir.

A framework for cultural heritage management and research: the Cancellara case study

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the approach used to create the digital cultural heritage map (hereafter, c.h.) of the mountain village of Cancellara and its territory, located in Basilicata, Southern Italy. The map is thought to be an exhaustive georeferenced catalogue of sites of cultural interest to bring fresh insights and new life to the c.h. and support decisions for their protection, management and valorization by the municipality and public bodies, national and regional, designated to fulfil the duties in ensuring the protection and accessibility of cultural heritage. A digital c.h. map is also important and useful for scholars who conduct studies and investigations as well as for private companies and cultural associations which work in the field of Cultural and Creative Industry. This map allows access to information useful for the reconstruction of the history of the place, dispersed among various private and public archives or unpublished. The map includes a chart at the territory scale, and more detail for the built-up area and its historical centre. It summarises data from heterogeneous sources.

Riflessioni sul diritto d’accesso ai beni culturali

Different conflicting ideas and values cross the debate about freedom of access to cultural heritage. This is nothing new: a similar debate arose in the past decades with confrontation among free software and proprietary software. The future will depend on the evolution of this cultural conflict and the political choices that will follow.

The addition in conservation project for the accessibility to cultural heritage

The topic of addition represents of the main cornerstones of the debate on conservation. It also represents the comparison between different orientations, that see on the one hand its legitimacy with regards to the contemporary language and, on the other, its denial in favor of a more or less consistent material subtraction. With reference to the accessibility of cultural heritage, the strategy of the addition is more suited for both instances of protection and accessibility by proposing a new technological layer of the contemporaneity thereby also becoming an act of democracy. The essay addresses, also through same examples, the issue by analyzing it under the profile of conservation and technology understood as an united approach to the existence, aimed at the preservation and enhancement of heritage.

Accessibility of Cultural Heritage in the Virtual Environment of Latvia Memory Institutions

The aim of research is to evaluate the level of e-service provision in digital collections created by memory institutions (libraries and archives) of Latvia. The problem under study is as follows: digital collections have insufficient usability due to lack of appropriate e-services. The empirical basis for research is e-services of digital collections created by national and regional level libraries, as well as the National Archives of Latvia. The evaluation of e-services is based on 14 indicators within 7 categories: visibility, search, reference, personalization, user participation, instructions, and document delivery. The analysis reveals that the level of eservice development is quite low (only satisfactory): e-services have low visibility, three indicators in personalization category are represented incompletely, and the category of user participation has the lowest rate.