Acceptance Of New Technology Research Articles

Empirical software research

Punched cards were already obsolete when I began my studies at the Technical University of Munich in 1971. Instead, we had the luxury of an interactive, line-oriented editor for typing our programs. Doug Engelbart had already invented the mouse, but the device was not yet available. With line editors, users had to identify lines by numbers and type in awkward substitution commands just to add missing semicolons. Though cumbersome by today's standards, it was obvious that line-oriented editors were far better than punched cards. Not long after, screen oriented editors such as Vi and Emacs appeared. Again, these editors were obvious improvements and everybody quickly made the switch. No detailed usability studies were needed. "Try it and you'll like it" was enough. (Brian Reid at CMU likened screen editors to handing out free cocaine in the schoolyard.) Switching from Assembler to Fortran, Algol, or Pascal also was a no-brainer. But in the late '70s, the acceptance of new technologies for building software seemed to slow down, even though more people were building software tools. Debates raged over whether Pascal was superior to C, without a clear winner. Object-oriented programming, invented back in the '60s with Simula, took decades to be widely adopted. Functional programming is languishing to this day. The debate about whether agile methods are better than plan-driven methods has not led to a consensus. Literally hundreds of software development technologies and programming languages have been invented, written about, and demoed over the years, only to be forgotten. What went wrong?

Effect of the Technological Changes on the Organizations

This research will study the effect of the technological changes on the organization as well as on the employees working in organizations. The PSI surveys on use of microelectronics in industry have shown that the introduction of new technology has met very little resistance from shop floor workers, management or other groups within user factories. In order to find out more about the management of change involving microelectronics applications, we asked respondents about management policies on technology, the extent and form of consultations with the affected staff, and the degree of acceptance of new technology encountered over recent years. The sample size for this study is 10 and selected from the North Indian cities, Ambala, Amritsar, Fatehgarh sahib, Kurukshetra, Rajpura, Sirhind and Patiala. The data used for the study is primary data. The tools used for the analysis purpose are descriptive statistics, Regression analysis and chi square test.

WHEN ‘DUELING TECHNOLOGIES’ ARE MISTAKEN FOR PROGRESS

Prostate cancer is increasingly being diagnosed at an early stage. Because these tumors are organ-confined, they have a favorable prognosis and an expected long survival, often without therapy. Despite data (1) suggesting overtreatment of newly diagnosed patients, the majority of patients will receive definitive treatment, with only 8.2% electing deferred treatment, according to a recent US survey.(2) The need to produce a safe, effective, and easily applied method to treat these cancers has prompted both academia and industry to respond with new technologies in a duel to claim progress in treatment. It is no surprise then that a proliferation of refinements in surgery and radiation and new technologies to deliver alternative energy sources have been applied to control favorable-risk prostate cancer. However, many of these approaches are applied clinically with little formal evidence to support their relative efficacy and toxicity claims. The reasons for the lack of robust evaluation of these new technologies are valid. Studies to demonstrate improved efficacy are lengthy and costly. Given the favorable prognosis of patients in this category, efficacy often cannot be determined for many years if ever. The proliferation of these methods—and the claims of efficacy and reduced morbidity—are creating confusion in the health care community and among patients. The landscape of therapy for men with low-risk prostate cancer has become a contest among costly, competing technologies without supporting rationale. These technologies require a framework to test their validity (Figure 1). Central to this framework is acceptance of the principle of “incremental gain.” Although the principle may appear self-evident, the allure of new technology has proved difficult to resist. As a consequence, “feasibility” with limited evidence of safety and efficacy has often been regarded as sufficient for clinical application. A framework to guide development and establish criteria for the acceptance of new technologies is required to establish order from chaos. Three broad criteria must be considered in this framework: (1) improved efficacy, (2) improved morbidity profile (complications), and (3) broader health care considerations such as ease of application, training, and cost. It is beyond the scope of this Commentary to comprehensively review data or to make comparisons among the many new technologies. I provide here selected examples of technologies that have achieved a level of clinical application in localized prostate cancer. My goal is to illustrate how the information promoted by these technologies is insufficient for physicians and patients to make knowledgeable decisions about care. It is my hope that the resulting discussion will prompt the development of an efficient and methodical approach to the application of new technologies in prostate cancer therapy. Figure 1 Establishes a framework to guide investigators through initial development and feasibility testing with specific milestones for each category. Critical to success is establishing by criteria and stage of therapy development the pragmatic milestones that ...

Acceptance and efficacy of a guided internet self-help treatment program for obese patients with binge eating disorder.

Introduction:A significant percentage of obese patients suffer from binge eating disorder (BED), with negative consequences on psychological health, quality of life, weight loss treatment and maintenance. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), delivered in traditional or self-help format, is effective in reducing BED symptoms. To improve dissemination, a self-help treatment program composed of eleven CBT based modules was implemented on the Internet and evaluated in a population of adult obese patients with BED.Method:Forty-two obese BED patients wait-listed for a multi-disciplinary obesity treatment took part in the study. Twenty-two patients completing the six-month online guided self-help treatment program were compared to a control group of twenty patients without intervention. Both groups were evaluated before and after six months of Internet self-help treatment or waiting list. A follow-up evaluation was carried out six months later. Results:Participants in the online self-help treatment program showed higher binge eating abstinence rates, lower EDE-Q shape and weight concerns, and improved TFEQ disinhibition of eating and hunger scores compared to the control group. They also scored better on psychological health and quality of life measures after intervention, and gains were maintained at follow-up. No effect was found regarding BMI. The number of modules completed was correlated with a better quality of life improvement at post evaluation. Participants rated the program as useful and easy to use.Conclusion:The Internet seems to be a valuable tool for disseminating CBT for BED obese patients. Acceptance of new technology was good in this population. Further research is needed with a larger sample to corroborate these results.

Gene set enrichment meta-learning analysis: next- generation sequencing versus microarrays

BackgroundReproducibility of results can have a significant impact on the acceptance of new technologies in gene expression analysis. With the recent introduction of the so-called next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and established microarrays, one is able to choose between two completely different platforms for gene expression measurements. This study introduces a novel methodology for gene-ranking stability analysis that is applied to the evaluation of gene-ranking reproducibility on NGS and microarray data.ResultsThe same data used in a well-known MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) study was also used in this study to compare ranked lists of genes from MAQC samples A and B, obtained from Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 and Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX platforms. An initial evaluation, where the percentage of overlapping genes was observed, demonstrates higher reproducibility on microarray data in 10 out of 11 gene-ranking methods. A gene set enrichment analysis shows similar enrichment of top gene sets when NGS is compared with microarrays on a pathway level. Our novel approach demonstrates high accuracy of decision trees when used for knowledge extraction from multiple bootstrapped gene set enrichment analysis runs. A comparison of the two approaches in sample preparation for high-throughput sequencing shows that alternating decision trees represent the optimal knowledge representation method in comparison with classical decision trees.ConclusionsUsual reproducibility measurements are mostly based on statistical techniques that offer very limited biological insights into the studied gene expression data sets. This paper introduces the meta-learning-based gene set enrichment analysis that can be used to complement the analysis of gene-ranking stability estimation techniques such as percentage of overlapping genes or classic gene set enrichment analysis. It is useful and practical when reproducibility of gene ranking results or different gene selection techniques is observed. The proposed method reveals very accurate descriptive models that capture the co-enrichment of gene sets which are differently enriched in the compared data sets.

Generic structure to simulate acceptance dynamics

AbstractSocial behaviour patterns and social equilibrium states are often guided by stable values such as social norms. However, changing environmental conditions (e.g. climate warming, resource scarcity) may require behavioural change and the acceptance of new technologies. Antecedents of aggregate behavioural change are value changes that predetermine when new behaviour patterns emerge and a new social equilibrium state can be reached. The paper addresses these phenomena. First, based on a waste recycling model, we explain these phenomena and develop a simple, generic mathematical model describing the basic traits of acceptance–rejection dynamics. Second, we propose a generic model structure for the simulation of acceptance–rejection behaviour that represents the dynamical characteristics of paradigm change processes. We show that a fourth‐order potential function is a sine qua non for an adequate representation of a paradigm change. Third, we also explain why the well‐known Bass model is unable to capture acceptance and rejection dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Employees' Perceptions of Biometric Technology Adoption in E-Government

This paper discusses an exploratory study of government employees’ perceptions of the introduction of biometric authentication at the workplace in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The authors suggest that studying the factors affecting employees’ acceptance of new technology will help ease the adoption of biometric technology in other e-government applications. A combination of survey and interviews was used to collect the required data. Interviews were conducted with managers and questionnaires were given to employees from two different government organisations in Saudi Arabia to investigate the employees’ perceptions of using biometrics. The results of this study indicate a significant digital and cultural gap between the technological awareness of employees and the preferred authentication solutions promoted by management. A lack of trust in technology, its potential for misuse and management motives reflect the managers’ need to consider their responsibilities for narrowing these gaps. It was apparent that overcoming employees’ resistance is an essential issue facing biometric implementation. Based on the research the authors recommend that an awareness and orientation process about biometrics should take place before the technology is introduced into the organisation.

Efficient utilisation of customer relationship management (CRM) technology: a self-directed learning approach

The growth of CRM technology has changed the way firms conduct business with customers and prospects. Though CRM creates efficiencies and opportunities in the sales process, sales professionals do not fully utilise CRM technology due to lack of: 1) investment in training; 2) interest in learning a new system; 3) acceptance of new technology. This article discusses why sales professional resist or do not fully utilise CRM technology and explores the insights that self-directed learning (SDL) may provide into facilitating salespeople to fully utilise CRM technology.

Technology acceptance: Not all organisations or workers may be the same

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is widely accepted by researchers in the IT field as a reliable tool able to predict acceptance of new technology by individuals. The majority of these studies have used participants (both students and non-students) from within traditional businesses functions, e.g., accounting and finance. The ability of TAM to predict technology acceptance across all situations is not well documented. During the past decade there has been an increasing interest in research within Not-for-Profit (NFP) organisations. This paper considers whether people likely to pursue careers within the NFP sector have different attitudes to technology and whether such differences affect the measures used within technology acceptance models. A survey of business and social science undergraduate students, those most likely to enter careers in the Business vs. the NFP sector, indicated differences between the two groups that may impact on the technology acceptance models.

Older Drivers’ Perception and Acceptance of In-Vehicle Devices for Traffic Safety and Traffic Efficiency

A multitude of new technologies (ranging from guidance systems to speed-limit exceeding systems and to fatigue detection systems) are emerging, many of which are either explicitly targeted to older drivers or expected to benefit them the most. However, these same older drivers are more likely to find adapting to the use of such technologies challenging. Therefore, understanding older drivers’ perception of such devices will allow experts to take the necessary steps to ensure their smoother acceptance and complete success of their deployment. Using Greek drivers’ attitude data collected within the scope of an extensive recent survey in 23 European countries (the SARTRE-3 data set), a statistical analysis of the perception of usefulness and acceptance of new technologies by older drivers is presented. The results of the developed ordered logit models provide insight into the human-factors’ aspect of the introduction of advanced technologies with respect to these more sensitive segments of the driver population. For example, older respondents are, in general, more supportive of the considered in-vehicle technologies, while female respondents also show a higher willingness to adopt them.

Risk and the Public Acceptance of New Technologies ‐ Edited by Flynn, R. and Bellaby, P.

Risk and the Public Acceptance of New Technologies ‐ Edited by Flynn, R. and Bellaby, P.

Factors Affecting Customer Retention Toward Internet Banking in Malaysia

Information and communication technology (ICT) is not a strange medium anymore in business operation nowadays. Most businesses regardless of their industries try to equip themselves with the development of ICT. Polatoglu and Ekin (2001) viewed Internet banking as very attractive to banks and to consumers who have higher acceptance of new technology. The purpose of the study is to find out the extent of the effect of the customer demographics on the online customer retention of the internet banking services; the extent of the influence of the characteristics of innovation on customer retention of internet banking services. The study revealed that the demographic variables do not have any significant impact on the customer retention of the internet banking services. However, the study found that all the innovative characteristics like relative advantages, compatibility, trialability, observability and complexity are found to have significant association with the customer retention of internet banking services.

Metodología para la implementación de un blog corporativo externo

A methodology to implement a corporate external blog is proposed. Firstly, there is an introduction to the new models of organizational communication with customers and users, resulting from the acceptance of new technologies in society and the development of Web 2.0. Secondly, it delves into the blog concept and the benefits that this type of tools can afford within the corporate realm, along with their types and functions, to finally propose a methodology for successful corporate implementation of an external blog.

Risk and the public acceptance of new technologies

Risk and the public acceptance of new technologies

Future use intentions versus intensity of use: An analysis of corporate technology acceptance

Summary The objective of our research has been to test whether the motivations behind the acceptance of new technologies explain Intensity of Use and Future Use Intentions indistinguishably or whether, on the contrary, they are two distinct concepts, and thus the estimated parameters change according to which is being explained. To this end, a model was constructed with two formulations, which differ only in the final variable to be studied i.e. Intensity of Use of a technology in one case and Future Use Intentions in the other. The results reveal the differences in the value and even in the significance of the motivations, depending on the kind of concept explained, meaning that Intensity of Use and Future Use Intentions cannot be considered indistinguishably.

Novel biosensors from photonic crystals

Screening the biochemical interaction of potential pharmaceutical compounds against a wide array of proteins and cells is a critical early step in drug discovery. In this way, costly failures can be avoided before the drug is introduced to animals and humans. Similarly, testing patients’ blood or tissue samples for expression of a gene profile will become common practice in decisions regarding the most promising course of treatment. Reliable assays are also essential to applications such as environmental monitoring, crop protection, and the detection of biological warfare agents. Biological substances may be most simply sensed directly through their dielectric permittivity, a measure of how they affect electric fields, in so-called label-free detection. Even greater sensitivity may be obtained by attaching a fluorescent compound to the substance of interest, and then exciting the florescent molecule. We have developed a new class of biosensors based on optical devices known as photonic crystals (PCs) that can be used for both label-free and fluorescence-based detection.1–6 The key attributes for acceptance of new technology in these fields are sensitivity (how low a concentration of a chemical, protein, or gene may be detected), cost per test, and throughput (the number of tests that can be performed at once). PCs represent a unique and versatile class of optical devices for manipulating the electromagnetic fields associated with light. Through the proper application of PC design and fabrication, electromagnetic fields may be confined and concentrated to enhance the interaction between light and biological material in contact with the PC. We have developed methods that enable PC biosensors to be inexpensively produced in plastic, as well as associated instrumentation.7 Combined, the biosensors and detection instruments enable high-throughput detection of biochemical binding kinetics, imaging large arrays of biochemical tests,8–11 and imaging detection of cells.12–14 Figure 1. Device structure for the PC surface. (A) Schematic crosssection of the device structure. (B) Scanning electron microscope photo of top view and cross-section of a replica-molded 2D grating comprising an array of bumps coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) highrefractive-index dielectric material. (C) Photo of the fabricated device attached to an ordinary glass microscope slide, where the entire surface of the slide is populated by the PC sensor.

Belief in Public Efficacy, Trust, and Attitudes Toward Modern Genetic Science

Government and policymakers want to engage the public in a dialogue about the conduct and consequences of science and increasingly seek to actively involve citizens in decision-making processes. Implicit in this thinking is that greater transparency and public inclusion will help dispel fears associated with new scientific advancements, foster greater public trust in those accountable, and ultimately increase the acceptability of new technologies. Less understood, however, are public perceptions about such high-level involvement in science and how these map onto public trust and attitudes within a diverse population. This article uses the concept of public efficacy -- the extent to which people believe that the public might be able to affect the course of decision making -- to explore differences in trust, attentiveness, and attitudes toward modern genetic science. Using nationally representative data from the 2003 British Social Attitudes Survey, we begin by examining the characteristics of those who have a positive belief about public involvement in this area of scientific inquiry. We then focus on how this belief maps on to indicators of public trust in key stakeholder groups, including the government and genetic scientists. Finally, we consider the relationship between public efficacy and trust and attitudes toward different applications of genetic technology. Our findings run contrary to assumptions that public involvement in science will foster greater trust and lead to a climate of greater acceptance for genetic technology. A belief in public efficacy does not uniformly equate with more trusting attitudes toward stakeholders but is associated with less trust in government rules. Whereas trust is positively correlated with more permissive attitudes about technologies such as cloning and gene therapy, people who believe in high-level public involvement are less likely to think that these technologies should be allowed than those who do not.

Health Information Systems - Technology and Acceptance

To summarize current outstanding research in the field of health information systems (HIS). Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2007. Five articles from three international peer reviewed journals were selected for the HIS section of the IMIA Yearbook 2007. They represent outstanding research on new user interfaces for mobile data entry, smart card based approaches for national eHealth projects, generic system architectures for telemedicine services, new approaches for electronic prescriptions based on ubiquitous computing, and telemedical systems for chronic care in COPD. In the field of health information systems, evaluation and general architectural aspects of telemedical platforms respectively eHealth infrastructures currently is an important research topic as well as establishing acceptance of new technologies from the users and the organizations point of view.

Perceptual and instrumental impacts of robotic laparoscopy on surgical performance

New technologies in surgery are in constant and considerable evolution; they transform the surgeon s activity and practice. In laparoscopic surgery, new systems allow the use of two(2D) or three-dimensional (3D) vision. However, the literature reports contradictory results concerning the benefits of 3D vision: some studies show that better motor performances are obtained with 3D vision [1, 8, 19, 25, 26] while others fail to reveal any difference in performance between 2D and 3D vision [5, 6, 12, 20]. In some studies [5], only complex tasks were performed faster and more easily with a 3D view whereas no difference between the use of 2D and 3D views appeared when performing the easiest tasks. The divergence in these results is partially due to the fact that first-generation 3D systems, with their lower resolution, were compared with standard 2D systems [10]. Nowadays, new 3D systems allow a natural bidimensional view and thus suppress the bias observed in previous studies. In this paper, we used a new-generation 3D system, the da Vinci robotic system. This robotic system allows a 3D visualization of the operative field to be gained, restores the degrees of freedom (DOFs) lost in classical laparoscopy, and improves the dexterity of the surgeon s hand and wrist. Only one published study [13] has compared the performance obtained using classical laparoscopic techniques and those using this robotic system. This study revealed advantages of the da Vinci robotic system, particularly when it was used with the 3D view option. However, only six subjects participated in this study and the chosen tasks were very specific to the robotic system training. Our objective was therefore to study, with more participants, the impact of the da Vinci robotic system on standard and ecological surgical tasks of increasing complexity (ecological in the sense that our tasks were similar to the gestures made by the surgeon in a real situation, for which we used bench models developed and validated in several studies [7, 22, 23]). To analyse the nature of the benefits brought about by these expensive new technologies precisely, we independently differentiated and studied the influence of the 3D view (afferent component), comparing 2D and 3D view, and the influence of movement freedom restauration (DOFs, efferent component), comparing the classical laparoscopy with the robotic system. We also studied the impact of the use of the robotic technology on the subject s self-confidence, satisfaction and facility, knowing that these three factors influence both the performance and acceptance of new technology in the operating room [16, 17]. To avoid any bias from earlier laparoscopic experience in our comparison between classical and robotic laparoscopic techniques, we only selected medical students without any prior experience in open, minimally invasive or robotically assisted surgery.

Usability and usage of iTV services

How users experience interactive TV (iTV) is determined by various factors; usability is a major one. In industry, usability is often seen as the key element that determines acceptance of new technologies by users. We present some of the results of an MHP-based (Multimedia Home Platform) iTV field trial in Salzburg, Austria concerning usability issues and iTV usage. We give an introduction to the field trial and an overview of its methods to ensure usability of iTV services and to measure their use. We present results from a usability test, give design recommendations, and discuss whether using iTV is an active or a passive user experience.