Acceptance Of Family Planning Methods Research Articles

Factors influencing acceptance of family planning methods among women coming to immunization OPD: a cross sectional study

Background: Family planning is one of the most cost-effective interventions. Therefore, different factors influencing reasons behind non acceptance of family planning are necessary to be known in order to formulate good plans and policies. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at immunization clinic of urban area. Systematic random sampling method was used. A pre-determined questionnaire was administered. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Only 42.63% women adopted family planning methods. The statistically significant predictors for uptake of family planning services are knowledge of contraceptives (p=0.000), school education (p=0.002), prior use of contraceptives (p=0.001) and age of mother. The reasons for non-acceptance of family planning practices were fertility related (21.2%), lack of knowledge (19.7%), opposition from family members (16.9%), breastfeeding (14.5%), not having intercourse (12%), method related side effects (8.5%) and preference to specific gender (2.1%). Conclusions: According to age group and number of children to women should be motivated by the health worker for the appropriate contraception choice and reasons for non-acceptance of family planning methods form the basis for the qualitative research studies.

AWARENESS REGARDING DIFFERENT FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG MARRIED WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN URBAN SLUMS OF BERHAMPUR, ODISHA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Family planning services have the potential to improve the quality of the lives of people and their economic welfare. Objectives: To determine knowledge and practice of contraception and to find out the association between contraceptive practices and different variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among 300 married women of 15–49 year age group of urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha, using a pretested and predesigned schedule. Results: Majority of women (93%) were aware of different types of FP methods but only 79.7% of females had known where the services are available. Health worker females (77.3%) act as the most influential source of information about contraceptive practices followed by the ASHA (71.6%). The contraceptive prevalence rate was 78.7%. Out of 236 Current users, temporary methods were being adopted by 65.3% and permanent methods by 34.7% respectively. Among the temporary method users, 24.1% of women used oral contraceptive pills, IUCD and injectables were being used by 6.4% each and condoms were being used by the partners of 28.4% of women as a means of contraception. Acceptance of family planning methods was significantly associated with variables such as increasing age, nuclear family, and level of literacy. Conclusion: The prevalence of contraceptive use was high among the study population, but the use of a modern and safe method of contraception was low. Continuous IEC activities by the service providers such as ASHAs, AWWs, and HWFs with support from the supervisor matters for better adherence to contraceptive methods.

Association between socio-demographic factors and acceptance of family planning methods among scheduled caste women of Jorhat district, Assam

Background: In spite of the high knowledge, the rate of contraceptive methods use is not so satisfactory in India. The main objective of the health and family welfare programme is to reduce the knowledge, attitude and practice gap among the people of different societies, castes, religions and regions. The objective of the study is to find the association between socio-demographic factors and acceptance of family planning methods among the women belong to scheduled caste community which is one of the backward communities of India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among scheduled caste community of Jorhat district, Assam. 612 married women of reproductive age group were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by personal interview using pretested, predesigned proforma. Chi-square test was used to see the association and all the analysis were done using SPSS- version 23. Results: 98.2% knew the family planning methods and 87.5% had positive attitude but only 65.3% practiced the methods. 58.3% women did not use the family planning methods because they want more children. The major source of information was mass media (76.8%) and majority of women (47.1%) used oral contraceptive pill (OCP) following by condom (21.6%). Most of the socio-demographic factors had significant association with the practice of family planning methods. Conclusions: There is a need to understand the various factors which influence the practice of family planning methods so that the it would help in designing effective family planning programme.

Determinants of Male Involvement in Family Planning Services: A Case Study in the Tema Metropolis, Ghana

Background: Usage of family planning services in developing countries has been found to avert unintended pregnancies, and drastically reduce maternal and child mortality. Men as the main decision-makers in most of African families have an important role to play towards acceptance of family planning methods; however, its usage still remains low. The primary ob-jective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence male in-volvement in family planning. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted within the Tema Metropolis in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The chosen research approach provided an oppor-tunity to interact with adult male respondents to access their perceived factors that contribute to their level of involvement in family planning programs. A stratified sampling technique was used to recruit 227 partici-pants aged (19 - 58) years using a well-structured questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were respectively conducted to estimate frequencies, measure the level of associations and predict outcomes on selected variables outputs. Results: The study revealed that a little over two-thirds (68.72%) of the respondents disagreed that total family planning is an issue for only women. The majority (83.26%) of the respondents, said their communities accept the act of men accompanying their wives or partners for family planning services, though 36.12% of them reported that their family and friends see it strange for men to attend family planning with their wives/partners. Among the 34.4% of respondents who reported ever attending any such family planning clinic, 56.41% have attended just once. Marital status, employment status and knowledge about family planning of respondents were positively associated with male involvement in family planning (p-value

Conocimientos sobre métodos de planificación familiar, aceptación y necesidad insatisfecha en embarazadas de una comunidad de Yucatán, México

Worldwide it is estimated that there is a slowdown in population growth and a decrease in the birth rate. According to the institutions, much of this change is due to the success of family planning programs. Family planning is recognized as one of the main interventions that saves the lives of mothers and children, especially in postpartum women who have a greater need to achieve longer intergenic intervals or to reduce unplanned pregnancies and their repercussions on maternal and child health. The objective of this work was to determine the level of knowledge and the acceptance of family planning methods, as well as the unmet need in pregnant women who attend prenatal control in a Health Unit of the state of Yucatan from May to July 2018. The study It was cross-sectional, it included 164 women who had prenatal control in the rural medical unit, were invited to participate and informed consent was requested. A low level of knowledge in family planning methods was found, the acceptance of family planning methods after the obstetric event was 18.3%, while the frequency of unmet need was 54.9%.

Awareness and acceptance of family planning methods amongst women undergoing MTP: a prospective study in Himalayan region

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Family planning services have important role in improving the quality of the lives of a couple and their economic welfare. The objective of the study was to assess the level of awareness and acceptance of different family planning methods among women undergoing to medical termination of pregnancy (MTP).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done at IGMC KNSHM&C Shimla on 1168 women who reported for MTP in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This study was conducted to find out the awareness about the contraceptive practices, source of information and knowledge, the most preferred method and impact of MTP on acceptance of contraception. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority about 97.5% had knowledge about the contraceptive methods and only 2.5% were unaware of any method. Source of information was health and family planning staff. The next source was friends, relatives and mass media, teaching institutions had least role. In spite of knowledge only about 49% were practicing contraception prior to MTP that too OCP and CC only.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Majority of women had optimal knowledge but only less than half of them were using contraceptives. Lacuna is still there, we need to educate and motivate couples to improve family planning services. There is a great need to strengthen the awareness, education and communication regarding various family planning methods in women of reproductive age group.</p>

Implementation and acceptability of strategies instituted for engaging men in family planning services in Kibaha district, Tanzania.

BackgroundMen as the main decision makers in most of African families have an important role to play towards acceptance of family planning methods. This study sought to identify strategies used to engage men in family planning services and determine the extent to which men in Kibaha district in Tanzania accept these interventions.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. We used a questionnaire to interview a random sample of 365 of currently married or cohabiting men who had at least one child under the age of five years. We further conducted in-depth interviews with health workers involved in delivering reproductive health services as well as community dispensers of family planning commodities. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the extent to which men were engaged in family planning services. The data from the indepth interviews were analysed manually according to the predetermined themes, guided by the grounded theory to identify the existing strategies used to encourage male involvement in family planning services.ResultsAccording to the key informants, strategies that are used to encourage men to engage in family planning services include invitations through their spouses, either verbally or by using partner notification cards, incorporating family planning messages during monthly meetings and community outreach reproductive health programs. Of 365 men responding to the questionnaire, only 31 (8.4%) said they were invited to accompany their spouses to family planning clinics. Among them, 71% (22/31) visited family planning clinics. A third (32%) of the respondents had heard of community health meetings and only 20.7% of them attended these meetings. More than a third (12/34) of men who attended these meeting asserted that family planning messages targeting men featured in the agenda and subsequently half of them visited health facilities for family planning services.ConclusionsExisting strategies such as invitations to clinics and community sensitization have shown to encourage men to engage in family planning services. However, these interventions reach few men and hence there is a need to rolling them up to improve uptake of family planning services.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12978-016-0253-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Determinants Of Fertility And Fertility Preferences In Pakistan: Comparative Secondary Analysis Of PDHS 2007-2013

Fertility rate is on gradual decline in Pakistan like other developing countries with increased acceptance of family planning methods. Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys revealed a slow decline from 4.1 in 2007 to 3.8 children per woman in 2013. Despite availability of nationally representative primary data, empirical researches on demographic and health determinants of fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan are rare. The aim of this study is to assess the major differences in factors determining fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006- 2007 and 2012-2013. Using two data sets Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 and 2012-2013, researchers conducted a comparison of findings generated in secondary analyses. Researchers studied the association of social demographics, reproductive history and infant mortality with fertility and fertility preferences among ever-married women of reproductive age (15-49). Results are indicated using binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Findings support the association of social demographics of women, living sons, child mortality and reproductive history with ideal number of children; desire to reproduce more and number of living children. Injection induced labour pains, C-section deliveries, fistula problem, abortions and spotting during gestation are associated significantly with lower ideal number of children. Living sons are positively associated with ideal number of children and negatively associated with desire to reproduce more. The desire to reproduce more in association with women’s age 15-29, rural place of residence and C-section deliveries has reduced over time from 2007 to 2013 in country. Complications during pregnancies and delivery are important determinants of fertility and fertility preferences among women. Further research is needed to assess the association of pregnancy and delivery problems with fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan.

Exploring Demographic Factors Influencing Acceptance of Family Planning Methods in Aligarh

Introduction: Population of India has jumped to 1,290,974,613 (1.29 billion) on Dec 07, 2015. There are certain demographic factors, which affect the acceptance of family planning methods. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the extent of felt need of family planning methods and to assess the demographic factors influencing the contraceptive acceptance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, for a period of two and half year. Only the mothers in the post partum period were interviewed. Those mothers who had already accepted family planning methods were not included in the study. 1383 mothers were interviewed. Data were tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test (χ2) was applied to know the statistical significance. Results: Significant number of mothers (39.6%) had planned to adopt family planning methods. Majority of the mothers (71.4%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. In this age group, 39.7% mothers wanted to adopt family methods. As the age of the mothers increased, the acceptance rate also increased. Majority of mothers (52.9%) admitted in the hospital were Hindus. Among Muslims, 40.3 per cent mothers had felt need of family planning methods. Mostly the mothers were illiterate (50.8%). 30.8 per cent of these illiterate mothers wanted to accept family planning methods. Similar felt need (36.4%) was observed in mothers with education up to primary level (V standard). As the birth order increased, felt need also increased. Conclusion: It may be concluded that significant number of mothers had planned to adopt family planning methods. Though the campaign to promote family planning methods in our country is being carried out, the message should be given more vigorously through information, education and communication (IEC) activities and involvement of non-governmental organisations (NGO). Concerted efforts are needed to find out the reasons for unmet need and its solution

Acceptance of family planning methods by induced abortion seekers: An observational study over five years

BackgroundPrior to legalization of abortion, induced abortions were performed in an illegal manner and that resulted in many complications hence abortion was legalized in India in 1971 and the number of induced abortions has been gradually increasing since then. One way of preventing abortions is to provide family planning services to these abortion seekers so that same is not repeated. The study was performed to find out the acceptance of contraception after abortion. MethodsA prospective study was performed over a period of five years from 2010 to 2014. The study group included all the cases reporting for abortion. A proforma was filled in detail to find out the type of contraception being used before pregnancy and acceptance of contraception after abortion. The existing facilities were also evaluated. Results1228 abortions were performed over a period of five years. 94.5% of abortions were during the first trimester. 39.9% had not used any contraceptive before, contraceptives used were natural and barrier which had high failure. The main indication for seeking abortion was failure of contraception and completion of family. 39.6% of patients accepted sterilization as a method of contraception. The existing post abortion family planning services are inadequate. ConclusionPost abortion period is one which is important to prevent subsequent abortions and family planning services after abortion need to be strengthened.

Addressing unmet need and religious barrier towards the use of family planning method among Muslim women in India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find out the prevalence and determinants of unmet need with a special focus on religious barrier towards the use of contraception among Muslim women in India. The study also addresses their future intention to use family planning method. Design/methodology/approach – Data from the latest round of District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) in India is used. A multi-stage stratified probability proportion to size sampling design was adopted. The present analysis is based on 70,016 currently married Muslim women across the country. Findings – The prevalence of total unmet need is the highest in Bihar (48.5 per cent), which is two times higher than the national level (27.6 per cent). About 9 per cent Muslim women in India do not use contraception due to religious opposition. There is considerable gap in the future intention to use family planning method between Muslim (9.2 per cent) and non-Muslim (19.6 per cent) women particularly for limiting birth. The logistic regression analysis shows non-Muslim women are significantly more likely (OR=1.540, p<0.001) to have the intention to use family planning method in the future than Muslim women. Research limitations/implications – Men are not included to explore the differences in the perception of men and women towards family planning. Interventions targeting men and aiming at overcoming cultural barriers to using family planning method are equally imperative. Couple's knowledge, attitude and perception towards acceptance of family planning methods need to be addressed simultaneously by interviewing the couples separately. Practical implications – Public-private collaboration to promote family planning programme and providing services in the high prevalence (unmet need) states is required. Support from the religious leaders to overcome the cultural barriers towards the use of family planning is also needed. Originality/value – This is the first ever effort to address the existing unmet need for family planning among Muslim women in India, which is an important determinant of high fertility among Muslim women.

Awareness and practice patterns of family planning methods among antenatal women in Indian community: Are we hitting the bull's eye?

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken to assess the awareness and practice patterns of family planning among the antenatal women in North India. The study included 400 respondents. Three-fourths of the respondents (74.2%, n = 297) were aware of family planning methods. Condoms were the most commonly used family planning method (78.2%), while intrauterine devices and oral contraceptive pills were used by 25.5% and 16.7% respondents, respectively. The main reasons cited for not using contraception were inadequate knowledge and fear of side-effects. Post counseling, 90.5% (n = 362) of the respondents clearly conveyed their desire to use one of the family planning methods in the postpartum period. Awareness and acceptance of family planning methods in the Indian community needs strengthening. Family planning counseling during antenatal check-up is likely to increase the acceptance of family planning methods in the postpartum period.

Family planning differentials among religious groups: A study in India

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2015,5,1,98-101.DOI:10.4103/2230-8598.151271Published:January 2015Type:Original ArticleFamily planning differentials among religious groups: A study in IndiaNazish Rasheed, Zulfia Khan, Najam Khalique, Abdul Razzaque Siddiqui1, and Seema Hakim Nazish Rasheed, Zulfia Khan1, Najam Khalique1, Abdul Razzaque Siddiqui1, Seema Hakim2 Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 1Departments of Community Medicine and 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract:Background: A woman’s contraceptive use is largely influenced by the dictates of her religious faith. Acceptance of family planning methods is usually found to be poor among Muslims. This study assesses how acceptance of contraception and contraceptive choices varies across various religious groups. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of contraceptive use among various religious groups. (2) To study the contraceptive use pattern among different religious groups. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among ever-married women (15-49 years) residing in the field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study. Current use and ever-use of contraceptives were assessed among women from various religious groups. The contraceptive choice among current users from different religious groups was studied in relation to use of spacing and terminal methods. Results: Current use of family planning methods was similar for Hindus (43.1%) and Muslims (44.1%). However, ever-use of contraception was found to be more among Muslims (72%) than Hindus (50.6%). Spacing methods were more popular among Muslim couples (84.3%) compared to Hindus (71.7%), whereas larger number of Hindu couples preferred terminal methods (28.3%) compared to Muslims (15.7%). Conclusions: Religion does play a role in the adoption of family planning and the specific method adopted for contraception. Keywords:Contraceptive use, Hindus, MuslimsView:PDF (459.63 KB)

Socio-demographic factors affecting family planning decisions among the married women in rural district of Nepal

Introduction: Various socio-demographic factors are known to play decisive role in the acceptance of family planning methods. Commonly known factors include age of the women, age at marriage, age at first pregnancy, education and occupation.
 Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional, observational study conducted at Okhaldhunga Community Hospital among married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) attending either general OPD clinic or family planning clinic. Data were collected through an interview using a predesigned questionnaire.
 Results: Age of women had statistical significance as the acceptance increased with the age. More than two-third of women using methods of family planning were married before the age of 20 years. About 43% of women had first pregnancy before the age of 20 years. There was no statistical significance between the current use of family planning methods and the education (p- value 0.6) and the various occupations (p-value 0.1).
 Conclusion: There is a need for particular emphasis on contraceptive needs of adolescents and to improve accessibility and availability of all family planning services.

Unmet Need of Contraception: A Critical Juncture toward Family Planning Goals

India is the first country in the world to implement a family planning program, and this program has succeeded in generating universal knowledge about family planning methods. In spite of this, there exists a wide gap between knowledge and acceptance of family planning methods reflecting an unmet need for contraception. Different communication channels used to disseminate knowledge like television, radio, and newspapers aim to change the family planning methods. Being a didactic method, these have the least potential to change the attitudes of the people. This article represents the tip of the iceberg of the fate arising out of incomplete information provided through mass media not supported by a formal family planning program. One primipara woman after getting pregnant took an emergency contraceptive pill and attended a clinic with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and pallor. Ultimately she underwent suction evacuation and survived. This indicates that mass media should not be a substitute, but rather a supplement to the routine program of the health worker to promote contraception.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraception in Rural Kashmir

Human fertility is determined by many factors such as customs, morals and habits of social groups with regard to marital obligation of life. Acceptance of family planning methods varies within and between societies and there are many factors which are responsible for such variation at community, family and individual level. Socioeconomic environment, culture and education are few of them that play a vital role. Jammu and Kashmir state in general and Kashmir valley in particular is a Muslim-dominated population with traditionally a conservative society. Apart from family customs and influence of the elders, religious background has always been behind the passive resistance, or at the best indifference towards contraception. This study makes an attempt to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception in rural Kashmir. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception in rural Kashmir. Community-based Cross-Sectional study. December 2006 to May 2008. 1900 currently married women in the age group of 15-49years of age. Rural households. 1900 currently married women, aged 15-49years, selected by multi-stage random sampling technique from three districts of Kashmir valley who were interviewed at home using a pretested oral questionnaire. The assessment of various socioeconomic and other variables made as per the available standard procedures and scales. Percentage, Chi square test and Bivariate analysis. Knowledge of the contraceptive methods was fairly good especially for terminal methods i.e. female sterilization (97.7%). Main source of information on contraception was obtained from mass media (60.4%). Contraceptive practice was significantly related to number of living children, literacy, socioeconomic status and type of family. What is needed is to promote and stress contraceptive methods and their advantages using mass media approach and to explore more and more participation of private sector.

English

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the extent of use of family planning practices and what are the factors influencing the methods of contraception? OBJECTIVE: To find out the distribution of family planning practices with respect to literacy, age and reasons for not practicing any method. STUDY DESIGN: Community Based Cross sectional study. MATERIALS & METHODS: Multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample. Villages were selected by stratifying them according to the presence of tribal and non tribal population. Thereafter the tribal dominated villages were selected at random and house to house visit was made. A total of 303 married women in the age group of 15-45 years living with their spouses were interviewed using a pre designed questionnaire. Chi square test was used for the analysis. Results: Couple Protection Rate is 29.7%. Acceptance of family planning methods is associated with education of husbands and increase in age of wives. Conclusion: Family planning practices is observed to be poor amongst the tribals and therefore motivation of the couples is to be stepped up.

Acceptance and Knowledge of Family Planning Among Muslim Women in Rural Villages of Kelantan

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/39-4-8524 Objectives: To determine family planning practices among Muslim women in rural villages and evaluate their knowledge regarding the reproductive system and the effectiveness of contraceptive methods. Study Design: A population survey was conducted among 173 consented married women 18 years and older from 200 randomly selected households in rural villages of Kelantan. Results: The rate of using family planning methods among the population was 31.8% (95% CI: 24.8-38.8%). The most popular contraceptive method was oral contraceptive, followed by injectables, traditional methods, intrauterine devices, and implants. The criteria of ideal family planning methods were safety of use, ease of use, cost, and effectiveness of preventing. Most women had poor knowledge regarding reproduction and family planning methods. The use of family planning methods was influenced by ethnicity and educational level. Conclusions: The acceptance of family planning methods and the level of knowledge among women in these villages were poor. More health promotion campaigns are needed to enhance the use of family planning.

Family Planning and the Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

In this paper an attempt has been made to document the reasons for low acceptance of family planning methods among the scheduled tribes of Rajasthan, India. Three tribal groups-the Bhils, Garassias and Meenas-were selected for detailed investigations. The study was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The respondents included, among others, community members, community leaders, eligi ble couples and the service providers of the area. The results of the study show that resistance to family planning is due to sociocultural and socioeconomic factors, the user's knowledge of and access to contraceptive methods and the attitude of the service providers towards the beneficiaries. The sociocultural factors include, among otbers, polygamy, the felt need for a large number of sons to defend and preserve family hon our, prevalence of nata system and the excessive use of alcohol among men. One socio economic factor is the huge amount of compensation to be paid to one's wife's parents in case of her sterilisation. One of the salient findings of the study is an almost non- existent client-provider relationship. Based on the findings of the study a plan has been suggested to address this weakness. This plan advocates basic changes in the state policy in order to make family planning acceptable to tribal groups.