Acceptance Of CCS Research Articles

What drives businesses to transact with complementary currencies?

There is an ongoing debate on complementary currencies’ (CCs) contribution to a transition towards resilient and sustainable economies. As part of this debate, this paper investigates which factors lead to significant acceptance and sufficient growth of a CC from a bottom-up perspective, i.e., based on its members’ decisions. First, we identify the benefits and costs driving firms’ use of CCs and find four factors that constitute a trade-off: credit gains, reciprocity expectations, coordination costs, and intrinsic motivations. Second, we use an agent-based model to explore how these elements determine CCs’ success as a network. Our key finding is that the coupling of intrinsic motivation with preferential attachment – a phenomenon where members are more likely to transact with each other rather than with outsiders – may be the key to growth and acceptance: these results suggest that intrinsic motivation provides an incentive to join the network, but preferential attachment is the emerging economic rationale that drives firms’ acceptance of CCs. The identified trade-off and the theory of intrinsic motivation-preferential attachment provide new avenues to investigate under what conditions CCs contribute to resilient economies.

Social Acceptance of CCS

Social Acceptance of CCS

Impact of CCS Communication on the General and Local Public in Romania- Oltenia Region

The public acceptance of CCS is an important precondition for the large-scale deployment of these technologies. At present it can be assumed that the majority of the public is neither for nor against CCS, because the level of awareness among the public is very low or virtually nonexistent. Hence, the pivotal question is how information on CCS has to be communicated in order to increase the stability and consistency of public opinion to better predict future public support or opposition. The main assumption of the project “Impact of communication” is that communication on CCS should enable the public to develop their own well-considered opinion on the technologies. Otherwise the strength with which the opinions on CCS are held will be very low and therefore these opinions will be very unstable. If public attitudes are very unstable they are worthless for predicting future support for CCS. Therefore, the aim of the project is to develop recommendations for the communication of CCS enabling the public to establish their own informed opinion. For this purpose the project will carry out a comparative study of the communication of CCS in Romania-Oltenia region. The comparative approach is based on two main methods: a) a survey of a representative sample of citizens to investigate the awareness, knowledge and opinions of the public concerning climate change, energy technologies and CCS, b) a study that compares the effectiveness of two different methods for communicating CCS which both aim to enable lay persons to develop their own well-considered opinions (focus groups and Information-Choice Questionnaire). The collected data will be compared to enable conclusions to be drawn concerning the question of how to communicate information on CCS technologies so that the resulting public attitudes could be understood as indicators of future public support. The main objective is to collect data on public awareness and knowledge of climate change, energy policy and CCS in general and furthermore on public awareness and knowledge about local demo initiatives and existing CCS information material and campaigns. Comparison of the effectiveness of two CCS communication methods: 1) oral presentation of information by experts to a small group of lay persons who will have the opportunity for extensive discussion on CCS (focus group), and 2) written presentation of the identical expert information to a number of individual lay persons (who cannot interact) by an instrument helping them to make use of the information provided to form opinions on CCS (Information-Choice Questionnaire, ICQ). The study “Impact of communication” was provide recommendations for the communication of CCS to the general and local public. The recommendations is based on empirical data about public awareness and perceptions of climate change, energy policy, CCS and CCS communication in Romania. This will support the development of effective methods and comprehensive tools for a further goal-oriented public communication campaign. The collaboration will also increase the transfer of knowledge with regard to CCS acceptance and the results could facilitate the deployment of CCS in Europe.

CO2 Capture Project's CCS Stakeholder Issues Review and Analysis

In 2011, the CO2 Capture Project worked with consultancy ERM to conduct a review of stakeho interests. We found a continuum of stakeholder interests which are broadly directed at two different outcomes:•Project/local level discussions associated with management of social, environmental, health and safety impacts, and delivery of local benefits.•Global level discussions on climate change and the role of CCS.At the global level, policy makers are at the centre of the continuum as they put in place a regulatory framework and communicate to stakeholder the role of CCS and the value of the project.At the project level, the key lessons learned are:•Start early to raise awareness with politicians, regulators and community.•Educate local government and other community opinion leaders so they can answer questions about the project.•Aim to build trust by using multiple channels to provide information and include independent experts.•Have project people on the ground in the community and identify supportive member(s) of the community.•Understand community concerns and answer questions do not assume what information will be needed.•Good engagement will not necessarily result in acceptance of CCS – it is not a guarantee of success.

Acceptance of Technology?

First, the theory of logical relations is used to answer the question “What is meant by the term ́acceptance of technologý?”. The term “ordered tuple” helps to define the basis of the concept of logical relations. The term “acceptance of technology” refers to neither a thing nor a property; but to a complex relationship. Some properties (reflexivity, total reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, irreflexivity and asymmetry) of this complex relationship are examined. Second, pragma-dialectically “acceptance of CCS” is defined and located. The four discussion stages suggest a procedural account of where – in practice – acceptance is about to occur.

Large-scale CO2storage — Is it feasible?

CCS is generally estimated to have to account for about 20% of the reduction of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. This paper focuses on the technical aspects of CO2 storage, even if the CCS challenge is equally dependent upon finding viable international solutions to a wide range of economic, political and cultural issues. It has already been demonstrated that it is technically possible to store adequate amounts of CO2 in the subsurface (Sleipner, InSalah, Snohvit). The large-scale storage challenge (several Gigatons of CO2 per year) is more an issue of minimizing cost without compromising safety, and of making international regulations.The storage challenge may be split into 4 main parts: 1) finding reservoirs with adequate storage capacity, 2) make sure that the sealing capacity above the reservoir is sufficient, 3) build the infrastructure for transport, drilling and injection, and 4) set up and perform the necessary monitoring activities. More than 150 years of worldwide experience from the production of oil and gas is an important source of competence for CO2 storage. The storage challenge is however different in three important aspects: 1) the storage activity results in pressure increase in the subsurface, 2) there is no production of fluids that give important feedback on reservoir performance, and 3) the monitoring requirement will have to extend for a much longer time into the future than what is needed during oil and gas production. An important property of CO2 is that its behaviour in the subsurface is significantly different from that of oil and gas. CO2 in contact with water is reactive and corrosive, and may impose great damage on both man-made and natural materials, if proper precautions are not executed. On the other hand, the long-term effect of most of these reactions is that a large amount of CO2 will become immobilized and permanently stored as solid carbonate minerals. The reduced opportunity for direct monitoring of fluid samples close to the reservoir, the general pressure build up, and the reactive nature of CO2 , have created a need for new research and knowledge, to be used in conjunction with operating competence from the oil and gas industry. Experimental work on fluid flow, deformation and reaction, as well as simulations to predict the future performance of the injected CO2 , are much more important in connection with CO2 storage, as compared with conventional oil and gas production. To conclude this overview of the CO2 storage challenge, the technical feasibility of large-scale CO2 storage has been demonstrated. The cost is however going to be significant, especially in the initial phase. The public acceptance of CCS, and the willingness to pay the bill, will depend on several important factors: a serious acceptance of the climate problem, economic and political regulations that are globally fair, and the willingness of each and one of us to accept a higher price for energy.

Assessment of CO2 storage potential in turkey, modeling and a prefeasibility study for injection into an oil field

Abstract The large amount of CO 2 that can be mitigated by geologic storage had gained interest during the last 15 years. Acceptance of CCS under CDM is still under discussion(IEA, 2008) however there are several pilot or field scale projects and monitoring surveys that are underway which will make the technology better known and resolve the risks involved. This study involves assessment of possible geologic sites for CO 2 storage and calculation of CO 2 emissions from thermal power plants with capacities >500 MWe, cement factories, steel industry, sugar factories and refineries in Turkey. In emission calculations IPCC methodology is used. Coupling of sources and sinks resulted in a decision to use the emissions from a cement factory which is about 130 km from the selected oil field, Caylarbasi. The cement factory does not have capture facilities yet, but during modelling it was assumed that CO 2 is available at the factory site. According to the results of the model study, during the project life of 20 years, enhanced oil recovery effect of CO 2 lasts 8 years and 2 million barrels of oil will be produced and the remaining 12 years are modelled as CO 2 storage phase which shows 220 million Sm 3 of CO 2 can be stored.The transportation phase was designed with two alternatives, pipeline transport and transport by tankers. Economic evaluation at 100$/barrel of oil value, it will be possible to produce for 6 years. For the following years during CO 2 storage, incentives are necessary to cover operating costs so that project will continue for 20 years. Since the initial investment is already made, only the operational costs must be financed. Natural CO 2 field in Dodan is another possibility for geologic storage, the field has already produced 7 billion Sm 3 of CO 2 for the BatiRaman EOR project. Total capacity is about 10 billion Sm 3 . Other possible storage sites are deep saline aquifers, which were encountered in Thrace region, Central Anatolia and South Eastern Turkey and salt caverns of the soda mines. The experience of the Turkish oil industry for use of CO 2 in EOR application in BatiRaman field will be utilized if and when such an application is required.

Public acceptance of subsea underground carbon storage

Abstract Public acceptance of subsea underground carbon storage was investigated by means of questionnaire survey and online discussions. In the questionnaire survey, the public acceptance of CCS was quantified by the conjoint analysis in comparison with other zero-emission energy sources. It was suggested that thermal energy with CCS may be preferred to renewable energy if the cost of the former is cheaper than that of the latter by 0.26 $/kWh. However, it was also found that the backgrounds of respondents of the questionnaire have significant effect on the results of the analysis. In the online discussion, arguments on CCS by the ordinary people and published reports of representative environmental organizations are quantitatively analyzed and their characteristics are quantified by 2 parameters: the stance point and the influence factor. It was found that the concerns on CCS vary depending on the characteristics of the organization. As for public acceptance, environmental organizations pay much less attention to it than the ordinary people.

Risk Perception and Communication

Many health risks are the result of deliberate decisions by individuals consciously trying to get the best deal possible for themselves and for those important to them. Some of these choices are private ones, such as whether to wear bicycle helmets and seatbelts, whether to read and follow safety warnings, whether to buy and use condoms, and how to select and cook food. Other choices involve societal issues, such as whether to protest the siting of hazardous waste incinerators and half-way houses, whether to vote for fluoridation and "green" candidates, and whether to support sex education in the schools. In some cases, single choices can have a large effect on health risks (e.g. buying a car with airbags, taking a dangerous job, getting pregnant). In other

Influential information and factors for social acceptance of CCS: The 2nd round survey of public opinion in Japan

Abstract A public survey was conducted concerning carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) in the months of February and April 2007 in Japan, Previously another CCS survey took place in December 2003, and a set of the questions asked in the 2007 survey were purposely the same as that used in the 2003 survey, Japanese adults were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire either in printed format or in online format. Several versions of the questionnaire were used, and each contained a different educational part, imparting relevant CCS information. 334 people successfully responded to our paper survey in Tokyo and Sapporo while 2156 people completed our online survey across the nation. The questionnaire for the survey contained 5 sets of different information package on CCS and questions asking pros and cons on CCS implementation to analyze influence of information provided on CCS. Based on the results of survey we found: that not many people still know about CCS. Those who have knowledge on CCS show a preference for CCS implementation, however; preference was decreased after obtaining information which we considered was neutral on CCS. These results suggest a possibility that information on negative aspects of CCS (risks, etc.) would not be well known in the general public. We also found that preference for CSS decreased slightly after providing different information on CCS to respondents in the group with the newspaper articles which we considered neutral in comparison with other groups. The newspaper articles contained the information on negative opinions against CCS besides risk-related information as well as information based on an IPCC Special Report: it is assumed that such negative opinions may have influenced opinion formation of respondents. Since CCS is new technology, information about how other people or entities evaluate CCS would influence public opinion. In the sub-sample provided with industrial and natural analogues of preference on geological storage, the views were slightly more positive about CSS in comparison with reported opinions of other groups. This implies information on natural or industrial analogue would help manage perception of risk in a positive way. The result of path analysis to data of a public survey identified four factors, (1) risks and leakage, (2) effectiveness of CCS, (3) responsibility, and (4) fossil fuel use. We found that the factor of understanding the effectiveness of CCS is most positively influential for general acceptance of CCS. I Implementation of geological storage and the factor of risks and leakage become much more influential negatively in the implementation of geological storage compared to general acceptance of CCS, implying that implementation of CC2 geological storage also needs careful communication of risk.

Recent developments in public attitudes and acceptance of CCS: An overview of research activities and results in recent years

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

Recent developments in public attitudes and acceptance of CCS: An overview of research activities and results in recent years

Recent developments in public attitudes and acceptance of CCS: An overview of research activities and results in recent years

Energy policy on shaky ground? A study of CCS-scenarios

Scenarios play an important role for the societal acceptance of CCS. This paper looks into influential reports containing CCS scenarios and analyses results, key assumptions and drivers for CCS’ deployment. Significant uncertainties regarding CCS’ development were in several cases excluded or marginalized. Despite these shortcomings, scenarios support a massive deployment of CCS and reflect an undivided optimism. If CCS would fail to meet the high expectations a backlash could follow. Indications were found that new scenarios including uncertainties are needed to balance this over-optimism. So-called unpleasant scenarios are often valuable in helping decision makers develop flexible strategies and policies.

Understanding and improving NGO position on CCS

Abstract The importance of public acceptance of CCS has been highlighted by developers and policy makers, with all emphasising that it is a fundamental factor in the future success of CCS. However, little research has been done so far on NGO positioning on CCS. The current debate in Europe, with discussion beginning to result in both real projects on the ground and in real policies, has put NGOs more and more into a position of making open stands. This has resulted in a diversity of viewpoints, and the controv ersy has polarized opinions. In this paper we review our own research on NGO opinions on CCS, to spell out their most important concerns. We discuss NGO positioning vis-a-vis the ongoing negotiations of a legislative proposal to regulate CCS in Europe. Finally, we consider whether it is possible to come to more coherent approaches and agreements in a way that maximizes their effectiveness both as a counterweight to, and partner of, other stakeholders and governments.

Is CO2 capture and storage ready to roll?

AbstractWithin the context of rising overall awareness of the climate change problem, CO2 capture and storage has risen rapidly on the policy agenda. Some Stakeholders have suggested that technology, cost and legal questions around CCS are all but solved. However, while policymakers embark on the agreement of national, European and international legislation on CCS, a number of challenges arise. This paper reviews the progress of CCS towards a legally embedded mitigation option, and identifies three major conditions for the acceptability of CCS deployment: social acceptance by stakeholders and the lay public, robustness of economic and cost data, and legal and regulatory consistency. Technical maturity and reliability are important crosscutting issues that need to be fully addressed before any of the other areas can be solved. It is concluded that, although legal and regulatory issues are close to being resolved, the role that CCS may play in the global energy system has likely been overestimated in system models, which is partly due to transparency and information problems. In addition, resistance from environmental organisations may have to be reckoned with and social acceptance of CCS remains one of its most prominent unknowns.