Acceptance-based Therapy Research Articles

”I am now on ‘speaking terms’ with my migraine monster” – patient experiences in acceptance-based cognitive behavioral therapy delivered via the internet for migraine: a randomized controlled pilot study using a mixed-method approach

ABSTRACT Migraine is a common neurological disorder globally. Migraines, with or without aura, are episodic and recurring with symptom-free periods. Frequent and prolonged attacks can lead to chronic migraine. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate feasibility of therapist-guided, acceptance-based internet cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) as an adjunct to standard medical care for migraine patients in Swedish primary healthcare settings using a mixed methods approach. Participants (treatment n = 15, control n = 14) underwent qualitative and quantitative assessments to evaluate feasibility, acceptance, and initial treatment effects. Interviews with participants (n = 7) indicate that most participants had struggled with migraines for decades and expressed dissatisfaction with the limited medical care. They found the flexible, digital format particularly helpful, praising its accessibility and structured learning. While they appreciated the comprehensive content, some faced challenges with the psychological language and the program pace. Post-treatment, participants reported emotional and behavioral changes, and better migraine management. Seventy-two percent of the 29 participants completed both baseline and 3-month follow-up measures. On average, participants completed 7.7 modules, with 60% completing all 10 modules. Promising effect size indicated a reduction in migraine days during the three-month follow-up. Both qualitative and quantitative data support the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention in primary care settings.

Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance-based emotion regulation therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on hemoglobin glycosylated and self-care in patients with type II diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance-Based Emotion Regulation Therapy (ABERT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on HbA1c levels and self-care behaviors in patients living with T2D. Participants were randomly assigned to ABERT (n = 16), ACT (n = 17), and control (n = 17) groups. The treatment groups received therapy based on treatment manuals, while the control group received treatment as usual (i.e., standard medical treatment). Assessments were conducted pre- and post-treatment, with a six-month follow-up, measuring HbA1c levels and self-care behaviors. Results from repeated-measures ANOVAs and post-hoc analysis demonstrated that both ABERT and ACT led to significant improvements compared to the control group. However, ABERT was more effective than ACT in reducing HbA1c levels and enhancing self-care behaviors, with sustained benefits observed in the long term. At the individual level, a higher percentage of participants in the ACT and ABERT groups experienced a global improvement in HbA1c compared to the control group during the post-test assessment. Furthermore, a higher percentage of participants in the ABERT group showed global improvement compared to both the ACT and control groups in the post-test to follow-up period. No statistically significant differences in self-care behaviors were observed between the groups at the individual level. These findings suggest that the ABERT may be a valuable intervention for individuals living with T2D, though more studies are needed to examine this subject.

Evaluating an acceptance-based lifestyle modification program to address cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight and obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundBehavioral weight loss interventions achieve only limited weight loss in adolescent samples and weight regain is common. This limited intervention success may be attributed, in part, to adolescents' lack of self-regulation skills essential for lifestyle modification and use of a one-size fits-all approach to produce weight loss in boys and girls. Interventions which teach self-regulation skills, such as Acceptance-Based Therapy (ABT), and are tailored to meet gender-specific concerns, are critical to help adolescents adapt to pervasive biological and environmental influences toward weight gain. ObjectiveThis trial tests the effect of an ABT intervention on cardiometabolic health, health-related behaviors, and psychological factors among adolescent girls with overweight or obesity (OW/OB). MethodsGirls 14–19 years (N = 148; ≥ 40% racial/ethnic minorities) with OW/OB (BMI: ≥ 85th percentile) will be enrolled in the study. Participants will be randomized to one of two 6-month interventions, consisting of either 18 sessions of ABT or 9 sessions of a health education control, an augmented version of standard care for adolescent OW/OB, both led by bachelor's level interventionists. ResultsRecruitment is taking place in Philadelphia, USA, from January 2024 to January 2028. Cardiometabolic health markers (adiposity; blood pressure; blood lipids), health-related behaviors (dietary intake; physical activity; sleep), and psychological factors (quality of life; depression; disordered eating; psychological flexibility) will be measured at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. ConclusionsThis study will provide valuable information on a novel intervention tailored to the needs of adolescent girls with OW/OB to address self-regulation and cardiometabolic health.

The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the attitude towards marriage and the criteria for choosing a spouse in single students

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy towards marriage and the criteria for choosing a spouse by unmarried students. Methods: This was a pre and post test with a 2 month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included 167 unmarried students of Allameh Tabatabai University who were studying in the academic year of 2020- 2021. The sample were randomly selected and covariance was used for analysis. Findings: The results and findings indicated that the teaching of acceptance-based therapy is effective on the components of attitude towards marriage and the criteria for choosing a spouse in single students. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that acceptance and commitment therapy could be use in premarital counseling.

Experiences of acceptance and commitment therapy for people living with motor neuron disease (MND): a qualitative study from the perspective of people living with MND and therapists

Abstract Background: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative condition that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in loss of the ability to move, speak, swallow and breathe. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an acceptance-based behavioural therapy that may be particularly beneficial for people living with MND (plwMND). This qualitative study aimed to explore plwMND’s experiences of receiving adapted ACT, tailored to their specific needs, and therapists’ experiences of delivering it. Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with plwMND who had received up to eight 1:1 sessions of adapted ACT and therapists who had delivered it within an uncontrolled feasibility study. Interviews explored experiences of ACT and how it could be optimised for plwMND. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Results: Participants were 14 plwMND and 11 therapists. Data were coded into four over-arching themes: (i) an appropriate tool to navigate the disease course; (ii) the value of therapy outweighing the challenges; (iii) relevance to the individual; and (iv) involving others. These themes highlighted that ACT was perceived to be acceptable by plwMND and therapists, and many participants reported or anticipated beneficial outcomes in the future, despite some therapeutic challenges. They also highlighted how individual factors can influence experiences of ACT, and the potential benefit of involving others in therapy. Conclusions: Qualitative data supported the acceptability of ACT for plwMND. Future research and clinical practice should address expectations and personal relevance of ACT to optimise its delivery to plwMND. Key learning aims (1) To understand the views of people living with motor neuron disease (plwMND) and therapists on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people living with this condition. (2) To understand the facilitators of and barriers to ACT for plwMND. (3) To learn whether ACT that has been tailored to meet the specific needs of plwMND needs to be further adapted to potentially increase its acceptability to this population.

Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Intimacy, Marital Forgiveness, and Marital Burnout in Women Affected by Extramarital Relationships

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of acceptance-based therapy in enhancing intimacy and marital forgiveness and reducing marital burnout in women affected by extramarital relationships. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design, including a control group. The population consisted of all women affected by their husband's extramarital relationships who attended specialized family counseling centers in District 6 of Mashhad. From this group, 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Rey et al. (2001) Marital Forgiveness Scale, the Pines (1996) Marital Burnout Scale, and the Thompson and Walker (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale. Participants were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups and one control group, each consisting of 15 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance with the Statistical Software Package SPSS-20. Findings: The findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving intimacy, marital forgiveness, and reducing marital burnout in women affected by extramarital relationships (P < 0.01). The results were also sustained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in enhancing intimacy, forgiveness, and reducing marital burnout among women impacted by extramarital relationships, and this therapeutic approach can be utilized to address psychological issues in couples affected by extramarital relationships.

Combined Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatments for Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review

Combined Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatments for Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review

Comparison of the Effectiveness of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" and "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" on Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women

Background and Aim Sexual function is an important part of menopausal women's lives, and changes in it, especially during menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. Among them, 45 were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15, and control group using randomly assigned block allocation method. Therapeutic sessions were held in 8 sessions and each session was held for 2 hours. Data were collected by FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) and were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures analysis via SPSS software, version 24. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ZUMS.REC.1398.328). Results In the post-test and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between both CBT and ACT methods compared to the control group in sexual function respectively (P<0.05, F=17.857), (P<0.05, F=12.115). That is, treatment with CBT and ACT improved the sexual function of postmenopausal women, which had a lasting effect for three months, and there was no significant difference between the groups involved in sexual function (P>0.05, F=0.494). Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy have improved sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it is recommended that these therapies be used to improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women in health centers.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Bowenian Family Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy (ACT) on Cognitive Emotion Regulation of Mothers with One Child

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the difficulty in regulating the emotion of mothers with one child. Methods: This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with only one child of preschool age in Kermanshah kindergartens in 2019. A total of 45 people were selected through convenience sampling and 15 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected in the pretest-posttest stages with a scale of difficulty in emotion regulation (Grotz and Roemer, 2004). After pre-testing, members of the two experimental groups participated separately in eight 1.5-hour weekly sessions of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Bowenian family therapy and the effect of acceptance and commitment based therapy on difficulty in emotion regulation in individuals is significant (P<0.05). Also, differences in the two treatment groups for the dimensions of emotional rejection, difficulty in performing behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited access, and lack of clarity, respectively, the amount of F statistic; 4.771, 4.461, 3.524, 3.399 and 5.720 with significant levels were 0.026, 0.005, 0.011, 0.001, 0.003 and 0.009, respectively. The results of Bowenian test showed that due to the size of the differences, the effectiveness of acceptance-based and commitment-based therapy in combining with other interventions on the difficulty of emotion regulation and its related components was higher (P <0.05). Conclusion: Psychologists, when faced with problems of mother-child interaction, evaluate the mother in terms of the level of cognitive emotion regulation and other psychological variables affecting emotion regulation and use effective treatment methods if there is a problem.

Impact of Smartphone App-Based Psychological Interventions for Reducing Depressive Symptoms in People With Depression: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BackgroundDepression is a serious, disabling mental disorder that severely affects quality of life. Patients with depression often do not receive adequate treatment. App-based psychotherapy is considered to have great potential to treat depression owing to its reach and easy accessibility.ObjectiveWe aim to analyze the impact of app-based psychological interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in people with depression.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to December 23, 2020. We selected randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of app-based psychological interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in people with depression. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal (using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and the ROBINS-I tool for nonrandomized studies) were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Where possible, we pooled data using random effects meta-analyses to obtain estimates of the effect size of the intervention. We conducted post hoc meta-regression analyses to explore the factors associated with intervention success.ResultsAfter screening 3468 unique references retrieved from bibliographic searches and assessing the eligibility of 79 full texts, we identified 12 trials (2859 participants) evaluating 14 different interventions. Of 14 trials, 7 (58%) were conducted in the United States; 3 (25%) trials, in Asia (Japan, South Korea, and China); 1 (8%) trial, in Australia; and 1 (8%) trial, in Germany. Of the 12 trials, 5 (42%) trials presented a low risk of bias. The mean duration of the interventions was 6.6 (SD 2.8) weeks. Two-thirds of the interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy alone or included it in combination with cognitive control therapy, positive psychology, brief behavioral activation, or mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapy. With no evidence of publication bias, a pooled analysis of 83% (10/12) of the trials and 86% (12/14) of the interventions showed that app-based interventions, compared with a control group receiving usual care or minimal intervention, produced a moderate reduction in depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.51, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.33; 2018/2859, 70.58% of the participants; I2=70%). Our meta-regression analyses indicated that there was a greater reduction in symptoms of depression (P=.04) in trials that included participants with moderate to severe depression (SMD −0.67, 95% CI −0.79 to −0.55), compared with trials with participants exhibiting mild to moderate depression (SMD −0.15, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.12).ConclusionsApp-based interventions targeted at people with depression produce moderate reductions in the symptoms of depression. More methodologically robust trials are needed to confirm our findings, determine which intervention features are associated with greater improvements, and identify those populations most likely to benefit from this type of intervention.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42019145689; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=145689

Comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital of patients with multiple sclerosis

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The current research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included all the patients with multiple sclerosis in Central Province in the year 2021, and according to the arrangements made with the MS Association of Arak city, their total number is 1200. In this study, statistical samples of 45 people were selected as available and then randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people including treatment plan groups (15 people), treatment based on acceptance and commitment (15 people) and control group ( 15 people) were randomly replaced. The research tools included the emotional distress tolerance questionnaire of Simmons and Gaher (2005), the sexual performance questionnaire of Rosen et al. (2000) and the psychological capital questionnaire of Lutans et al. (1999). Schema therapy was based on Yang et al.'s (2003) 12-session protocol, and commitment and acceptance-based therapy was based on Eifert and Forsyth's (2004) eight-session protocol. Finally, analysis of variance of repeated measures using SPSS version 22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effect of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital in patients with multiple sclerosis (P=0.01). The effect was reported to be stable during follow-up. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the three groups in the post-test scores after adjusting the pre-test scores, and also, the confirmation results showed that schema therapy and t acceptance and commitment therapy t on the tolerance of emotional distress , sexual performance and psychological capital skewness among patients with multiple sclerosis has been stable.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a randomised controlled trial of acceptance-based behaviour therapy in generalised anxiety disorder

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a randomised controlled trial of acceptance-based behaviour therapy in generalised anxiety disorder

An Acceptance Based Lifestyle Intervention in Black Breast Cancer Survivors with Obesity.

To assess the feasibility and early efficacy of a combined lifestyle and acceptance-based therapy (ABT) intervention on weight loss at 16weeks among Black breast cancer (BC) survivors with obesity. Thirty black breast cancer survivors with a BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 at least 6months post-treatment were enrolled. Outcomes included feasibility process measures, physical well-being assessed using the subscale of QOL-Breast Cancer (QOL-BC), physical activity assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and weight. Fisher's Exact/Chi-Squared tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to explore differences between responders and non-responders, as well as within-group changes during the intervention. Within the first 4weeks, responders (participants who lost any weight) lost a median of 2.6 lbs. compared to non-responders (no weight loss) who gained a median of 2.6 lbs. At 16weeks, participants reported greater physical well-being (p < 0.0001), increased time in recreational activities (p = 0.03), and a median weight loss of 5.6 pounds in responders vs. 0.7 pounds in non-responders (p ≤ 0.001). Non-responders were more likely to have developed a new health condition compared to responders (44% vs. 0%; p = 0.014). In this study, weight loss at 4weeks and new-onset health conditions were significant factors associated with non-response to the combined intervention. Black BC with obesity are at high risk for recurrent cancer and secondary health conditions. ABT may be a suitable adjunct therapeutic option to lifestyle interventions implemented soon after a cancer diagnosis to improve physical well-being, increase physical activity, and promote weight loss.

Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions Over the Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Introduction: The past several years have witnessed a significant increase in interest among the public in mindfulness with an unmistakable growth in the scientific literature investigating mindfulness-based therapies. A myriad of therapeutic uses of mindfulness have been studied. Given this burgeoning interest, the authors' objective was to conduct a broad-sweeping bibliometric analysis over the past two decades to describe overarching trends in the publications of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating mindfulness to broadly identify both strengths and gaps in this field and inform a strategic plan for further advancing this research area. Materials and Methods: The authors retrieved mindfulness-focused RCTs available on PubMed in the past two decades (2000-2019). They synthesized the literature with respect to publication numbers, countries of publication, journal type, areas of research focus, characteristics of study designs, sample size, and trends in remote intervention delivery. Results: The resulting 1389 publications represent a near exponential growth trend over the past 20 years. Publications from the top three countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) with the highest productivity accounted for 60% of total number of publications. The most published modalities include acceptance-based therapy (n = 260), mindfulness-based stress reduction (n = 238), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (n = 174), and dialectical behavior therapy (n = 82). Stress, depression, anxiety, pain, cancer, diet/healthy eating, and sleep were the most common major areas of focus. Studies included active (46%) or inactive controls (44%), and increasingly more studies with both types of controls (10%). The top 10 journals that published the most mindfulness RCTs were from behavioral sciences and psychiatry or psychology. There were 187 RCTs utilizing remote delivery, with 146 (87.1%) in the most recent 5 years. Conclusion: Publications of mindfulness-focused RCTs show a continuous increasing trend. Mindfulness research from non-Western countries and studies published in biomedical journals were less prevalent and potentially represent future opportunities. Trends of studies with both inactive and active controls support an overall advancement in research methodology. There has been a significant expansion of studies of remotely delivered mindfulness interventions. Future research might consider evaluation of a broader range of modalities and further examine optimal delivery formats.

اثربخشی مهارت آموزی مبتنی بر رفتار درمانی دیالکتیکی بر ترس از ارزیابی منفی و مهارت های ارتباطی نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی

اثربخشی مهارت آموزی مبتنی بر رفتار درمانی دیالکتیکی بر ترس از ارزیابی منفی و مهارت های ارتباطی نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی

Feasibility/Acceptability of an Acceptance-Based Therapy Intervention for Diverse Adolescent Cisgender Girls With Overweight/Obesity

ObjectivesThis study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention among diverse adolescent cisgender girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). MethodsAdolescent cisgender girls ages 14 to 19 with a BMI ≥ 85th percentile-for-sex-and-age were recruited for participation in a single-arm feasibility study. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention while the secondary outcome was change in BMI Z-score over the 6-month intervention. Exploratory outcomes included obesity-related factors, health-related behaviors, and psychological factors. ResultsRecruitment goals were achieved; thirteen adolescents (>60% racial/ethnic minorities) participated in the intervention, and eleven completed the intervention (85% retention). In completers (n = 11), a mean decrease in BMI Z-score of –0.15 (SD = 0.34, Cohen’s d = –0.44) was observed. Improvements were also noted for change in percentage of 95th percentile (d = –0.35), % body fat (d = –0.35), quality of life (d = 0.71), psychological flexibility (d = –0.86), and depression (d = –0.86). ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for adolescent cisgender girls with OW/OB may be an acceptable treatment that could lead to improvements in BMI Z-score, obesity-related measures, and psychological outcomes. Funding SourcesThis work is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; UL1TR001427) and WellCare Health Plans, Inc. Dr. Cardel is also supported by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL141535 and R25HL126146).

Feasibility/acceptability of an acceptance-based therapy intervention for diverse adolescent girls with overweight/obesity.

BackgroundBehavioral obesity interventions using an acceptance‐based therapy (ABT) approach have demonstrated efficacy for adults, yet feasibility and acceptability of tailoring an ABT intervention for adolescents remains unknown.ObjectiveThis study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention among diverse adolescent cisgender girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).MethodsAdolescent cisgender girls aged 14–19 with a BMI of ≥85th percentile‐for‐sex‐and‐age were recruited for participation in a single‐arm feasibility study. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention while the secondary outcome was change in BMI Z‐score over the 6‐month intervention. Exploratory outcomes included obesity‐related factors, health‐related behaviors, and psychological factors.ResultsRecruitment goals were achieved; 13 adolescents (>60% racial/ethnic minorities) participated in the intervention, and 11 completed the intervention (85% retention). In completers (n = 11), a mean decrease in BMI Z‐score of −0.15 (SD = 0.34, Cohen's d = −0.44) was observed. Improvements were also noted for change in percentage of 95th percentile (d = −0.35), percent body fat (d = −0.35), quality of life (d = 0.71), psychological flexibility (d = −0.86), and depression (d = −0.86).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for adolescent cisgender girls with OW/OB may be an acceptable treatment that could lead to improvements in BMI Z‐score, obesity‐related measures, and psychological outcomes.

The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to psychological flexibility, and perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders

Introduction: Â Regarding the prevalence of tic disorders in children and their psychological burden, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to psychological flexibility and perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study included mothers of children with tic disorder who referred to Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital and Astan-e-Mehr Counseling Center in Mashhad city in 2019-2020. Amongst them, 30 mothers were selected through the convenient method of sampling. Then they divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Both groups completed Hills Perfectionism Questionnaire and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results:Commitment and acceptance-based therapy has a significant effect on increasing psychological flexibility (P=0.001), and reducing perfectionism (P=0.000). Conclusion: It seems that commitment and acceptance-based therapy is an effective method to improve psychological flexibility, and reducing perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Compassion-based Therapy and Acceptance-based Therapy and Commitment to Self-care Behavior and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases affecting peoplechr('39')s mental health and the body. Therefore, psychological interventions seem necessary to solve the problems caused by this disease. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Compassion-focused Therapy (CFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and commitment to self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes at Tonekabon City Hospital. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was a one-step cluster sampling study, including 200 patients who were randomly selected from all patients with type 2 diabetes in Tonekabon City Hospital and, at the same time, the scale of self-care behavior of Tobert, Glasgow, and Hamspon (2002). A total of 45 people were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 15 people, including two intervention groups and one control group, 12 compassionate therapy sessions, and 12 admission-based treatment sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. Meetings for each intervention were performed twice a week with an interval of 3 days. At the end of treatment, all three groups were retested. Results: Due to the comparison of the mean differences between the two treatment groups for self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin (5.012) (-2.145), respectively, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was more effective than compassion-focused therapy. Conclusion: The results owed a positive trend and increased self-care behavior and balanced glycosylated hemoglobin level in the follow-up and effectiveness of both approaches and the superiority of the acceptance and commitment-based treatment approach. Therefore, this treatment can be used in different conditions to improve the lives of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy with acceptance-based therapy and commitment to the character traits of women with rheumatoid arthritis

Comparison of the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy with acceptance-based therapy and commitment to the character traits of women with rheumatoid arthritis