Academic Scientific Community Research Articles

Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a powerful strategy to prepare molecules with underrepresented features in commercial screening collections, resulting in the elucidation of novel biological mechanisms. In parallel to the development of DOS, DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have emerged as an effective, efficient screening strategy to identify protein binders. Despite recent advancements in this field, most DEL syntheses are limited by the presence of sensitive DNA-based constructs. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation experiments performed for a 3.7 million-member DEL, generated using diverse skeleton architectures with varying exit vectors and derived from DOS, to achieve structural diversity beyond what is possible by varying appendages alone. We also show screening results for three diverse protein targets. We will make this DEL available to the academic scientific community to increase access to novel structural features and accelerate early-phase drug discovery.

Deferiprone and Iron-Maltol: Forty Years since Their Discovery and Insights into Their Drug Design, Development, Clinical Use and Future Prospects.

The historical insights and background of the discovery, development and clinical use of deferiprone (L1) and the maltol-iron complex, which were discovered over 40 years ago, highlight the difficulties, complexities and efforts in general orphan drug development programs originating from academic centers. Deferiprone is widely used for the removal of excess iron in the treatment of iron overload diseases, but also in many other diseases associated with iron toxicity, as well as the modulation of iron metabolism pathways. The maltol-iron complex is a recently approved drug used for increasing iron intake in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, a condition affecting one-third to one-quarter of the world's population. Detailed insights into different aspects of drug development associated with L1 and the maltol-iron complex are revealed, including theoretical concepts of invention; drug discovery; new chemical synthesis; in vitro, in vivo and clinical screening; toxicology; pharmacology; and the optimization of dose protocols. The prospects of the application of these two drugs in many other diseases are discussed under the light of competing drugs from other academic and commercial centers and also different regulatory authorities. The underlying scientific and other strategies, as well as the many limitations in the present global scene of pharmaceuticals, are also highlighted, with an emphasis on the priorities for orphan drug and emergency medicine development, including the roles of the academic scientific community, pharmaceutical companies and patient organizations.

UK magnetosphere, ionosphere and solar-terrestrial (MIST) awards taskforce: A perspective

“We don’t live in a meritocracy, and to pretend that simple hard work will elevate all to success is an exercise in willful ignorance.” (Reni Eddo-Lodge wrote in her book “Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race” (Published by Bloomsbury, London, p. 79, ISBN: PB: 978-1-4088-7)). This echoes through the academic scientific community, and can be readily seen in the demographics of physics prize winners. Prizes are extremely influential in both projecting how a community is outwardly perceived and actively shaping the community through facilitating career advancement. But how can biases in the awards process be addressed? We do not pretend to have all the answers, nor is there a single solution, but in this perspective article we explore one pragmatic approach to tackling chronic underrepresentation in the space sciences when it comes to nominations for awards and prizes.

ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ И КАРТИРОВАНИЕ НЕФТЯНЫХ СЛИКОВ В МОРЕ КОМБИНАЦИЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ДАННЫХ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛИ

Earth remote sensing methods, used to detect and map oil spills, are considered. The research is aimed at solving problems in the field of aerospace monitoring of oil development sites and oil spills. The object of the research is images or a sequence of images of the natural environment. The subject of the research is presented by mathematical modeling and software for image processing and analysis, recognition and classification of images, to assess the environmental condition of offshore oilfields. The aim of the research is to detect oil pollution in the shelf area by means of semi-automated image analysis using super-accurate neural network algorithms (ResNetIO) with long- and short-term memory (LSTM) when processing materials from several information sources, which require spatial matching between the images. To recognize objects on the ground, visual data have been analyzed based on the formation of stable features using deep neural networks. Multidimensional heterogeneous (multiple images) remote sensing data has been proposed as the basis. The research tasks, which help to realize the aim are: to form a set of image sets, containing scenes in a changing environment (weather conditions, illumination, seasonality, viewing angle); to use own base, allowing to allocate stable image features; to develop methods and algorithms for processing and analysis of images for formation of stable features forming scenes from neural networks; to conduct computer experiments for comparative analysis and evaluation results of classification and categorization with the use of neural networks. For this purpose the author has made automatic registration of geometrical deformations (displacement, rotation, scale change), using bilinear interpolation and testing for possible variation of statistical model inside the inhomogeneous sliding window based on the semi-automatic approach for the shelf area of the Oil Rocks (Caspian Sea). Standard single-layer 2D LSTM networks [18] are used to solve the texture segmentation problem by classifying texture perpixels. The network accurately estimates texture regions and automatically adapts the different scale, orientation and shape of texture regions in the image. A simple way of using LSTM networks for texture segmentation is shown, and the efficiency (accuracy) is compared, using research-based measures of classification quality using a new similarity measure based on a statistical model (three versions of the nearest-neighbor rule and the maximum likelihood method) [6]. The results of the studies have generally confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model. The second front of the research (object recognition analysis) has shown that context information must be taken into account when applying object recognition systems. It has become possible to find evidence that the natural formation of clusters indicates that contexts emerged, which appeared to be fundamental to performance results. However, it is important to emphasize that these experiments are empirical in nature and are conducted on a particular image base that is well known in the academic scientific community

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ

The article considers some areas of reform of academic science, namely a radical change in the existing form of academic scientific activity, the restructuring of domestic science according to Western models, in addition, some attention is paid to such a direction of reform as reduction in the number of research institutes and scientists working there. In this regard, on the basis of the analysis of important components of science, it is shown that academic science is now the most effective sector of science, the basis of the country's scientific potential. As for the policy of the state aimed at optimizing scientific activity, in other words, restructuring science, it negatively affects its development. The article gives an assessment of the reform results, it turns out its impact on the state of Russian science. In this regard, the level of Russian research in certain fields of science is assessed, the place of modern domestic science in world science is being investigated. The main focus is on the question of in which scientific fields Russian research is at the level of development of world science or ahead of it, and where – to one degree or another lag behind it. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of measures to accelerate the development of fundamental science in our country. In this regard, the problems of increasing research funding, eliminating state interference in the process of self-organization of the academic scientific community, modernizing the infrastructure of academic science, ensuring the worthy position of the scientific elite, especially young scientists, whom the future of Russian science in the third millennium largely depends on, are analyzed.

A Survey from Real-Time to Near Real-Time Applications in Fog Computing Environments

In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on time-sensitive applications implemented in fog computing environments. The goal is to research what applications are being implemented in fog computing architectures and how the temporal requirements of these applications are being addressed. We also carried out a comprehensive analysis of the articles surveyed and separate them into categories, according to a pattern found in them. Our research is important for the area of real-time systems since the concept of systems that respond in real time has presented various understandings and concepts. This variability of concept has been due to the growing requirements for fast data communication and processing. Therefore, we present different concepts of real-time and near real-time systems found in the literature and currently accepted by the academic-scientific community. Finally, we conduct an analytical discussion of the characteristics and proposal of articles.

Dialogue about gender, sexuality and bodies in academic context: a possibility of pedagogical innovation?

Bodies and sexualities are present in universities, but, even so, they continue to be denied and displaced to social silence. Building dialogues with the academic-scientific community can change traditional scenarios about the aforementioned themes and open possibilities for pedagogical innovation. The purpose, in this article, is evident in outlining theoretical and methodological approaches regarding the affirmation of sexuality, body and gender, in the academic context. Anchored in post-critical studies, we will seek to dialogue with authors of significant scope, such as: Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Guacira Lopes Louro and Beatriz Dounis.

COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay: evolution, lessons learned and challenges

America has become a new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic but the epidemic in Uruguay has had an atypical behavior compared to the region, with positive results in the management and control of the health crisis. This article describes the socio-sanitary characteristics of the country, the evolution of the pandemic, and the sanitary policies implemented, as well as the challenges to face the next stages. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the national health emergency was declared, the national emergency system was launched and a Coronavirus Fund was created to finance the required interventions. An outbreak mitigation strategy was implemented by recommending non-mandatory physical distancing. Likewise, the increase in diagnostic testing capacity through national developments, the management of suspected cases at the household level, and the implementation of telemedicine stand out. There is currently little community circulation of the virus. The largest increases in the number of cases have occurred mainly in clusters, institutional agglomerations, and small cities. In all these situations, index cases and contacts were quickly identified. An important role is attributed to the participation of the academic scientific community and the epidemiological surveillance system of the Ministry of Health, which has made it possible to effectively manage the outbreaks through surveillance and active search for cases.

Enfoques de investigación en artes y recursos narrativos para la organización y representación de procesos en investigación artística

Son varios los modelos de investigación artística planteados desde la academia con el propósito de situar la disciplina como un campo validado a la par de otras áreas de conocimiento. Los fundamentos comunes a estos caracterizan los métodos desde las artes por tres aspectos principales: la transdisciplinaridad, el carácter interpretativo, y la contextualización de prácticas y conocimientos. Sin embargo, la no concreción de metodologías propias de las artes propicia la adopción de mecanismos validados por otras disciplinas para responder al panorama de difusión académica y científica. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica de 60 materiales sobre este tema, se presenta en el artículo un desarrollo sobre modos de investigación en artes y algunas de sus estrategias. Como técnicas y recursos para la evidencia de procesos de investigación en artes, en este artículo se destacan varios que serían útiles para el posicionamiento dentro de la comunidad académico-científica.

In the name of science: animal appellations and best practice

BackgroundThe practice of giving animal research subjects proper names is frowned on by the academic scientific community. While researchers provide a number of reasons for desisting from giving their animal...

International Science Week: Challenges of Science in the 21st Century

Preface: International Science Week. Challenges of Science in the 21st CenturyE D V-Niño1,2, A Sandoval-Amador3 and J H Martínez-Téllez31 Foundation of Researchers in Science and Technology of Materials, Colombia2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, ColombiaE-mail: deydannv@gmail.com, martinez@uis.edu.coThe International Science Week: Challenges for the 21st century (http://semanaciencia.uis.edu.co) took place from September 17 to 21 in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia, at the Industrial University of Santander (UIS). This conference was with the purpose of the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the UIS, and whose main goal was to generate spaces for meeting, dissemination, participation, and interaction between the academic-scientific community with the community in general, through knowledge generation, the dialogue and the exchange of scientific and educational experiences.During the Science Week, held 5 Symposiums with international and national guests in the following areas of knowledge: Teaching and Social Projection of Sciences, Adaptation to Climate Change and Water Security, Nanotechnology and New Materials, Agro-industry and Security Food, and Bioinformatics and Scientific Computing. Simultaneously, the following activities were carried out:List of Committees and photos are avilable in this Pdf.

“The Land of our Origin“: Music and History in the Norway-Azerbaijan Connection

In 1995 Norwegian archaeologist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl went public with his theory that Scandinavia had been populated by people who had, in the distant past, migrated from present-day Azerbaijan in the Caucasus (Heyerdahl 1995). While academic archaeologists and historians scoffed at Heyerdahl's theories and dismissed them as pseudoscience, the idea that there was an ancient connection between Azerbaijan and Norway, and that the people living in those two nations today might have common ancestors, captured the imaginations of people in both countries. Despite being dismissed by the academic scientific community, Heyerdahl's theories became a source of inspiration for artists, especially musicians. Heyerdahl's speculative approach to research may not have conformed to accepted methodologies for the scientific study of history, but musicians found in Heyerdahl's theories a fruitful point of departure for exploring their purported common past through collaborative artistic projects that prioritized collective creativity based in a common historical imagination. In effect, Heyerdahl's theories became the basis for ways of doing and aestheticizing history through musical practice where the standard for success was based on the production not of verifiable facts, but of aesthetic experiences. This paper provides an account of two of these initiatives. But first I offer some brief remarks on the nature of history, and then a quick overview of Heyerdahl's theories and their critiques.

Study on the Influence of Academic Scientific Communities in the Capacity for Sustainable Development of College Students

The rapid social development and speedy growth of the total information amount put forward ever higher demands on the sustainable capacity of college students. As a brand-new way to train college talents, academic scientific communities play a vital role in enhancing the capacity for their sustainable development. This paper is developed on the basis of the samples from three universities affiliated to the Ministry of Education in Wuhan and exploratory empirical case studies, in which the motive and performance of college students involved in academic scientific communities as well as the management of those communities are analyzed. Effects of participation are used to research the influence. As a result of the study, this paper suggests a steady reinforced construction of academic scientific Communities to improve the sustainability of college students.

A Rapid Response Study of the Hercules Gas Well Blowout

On 20 April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig lost well control while drilling at the Macondo prospect in the Gulf of Mexico. At the time of the Macondo blowout, the academic scientific community was ill prepared to initiate and rapidly conduct the necessary coordinated interdisciplinary studies of the environments around the discharge area.

Combining content and elements of communication into an upper‐level biochemistry course

This report describes how a science communication module was incorporated into an advanced biochemistry course. Elements of communication were taught synergistically with biochemistry content in this course in an effort to expose students to a variety of effective oral communication strategies. Students were trained to use these established techniques and incorporated them into various presentations throughout the course. Three students describe their use of specific resources and how the skills learned relate to their future career. The importance and relevance of science communication are receiving unprecedented national attention. The academic scientific community must respond by incorporating more communication-centered instruction and opportunities in the classroom and laboratory.

Scientific integrity in the digital age: data fabrication

Scientific society is unable to effectively define the boundaries between fraudulent acts and examples of poor science. This article examines the current level of fraud (especially data fabrication) and presents a proposal that involves conducting data audits of submitted manuscripts to prevent the publication of fraudulent work. Similar to the legal and medical professions, the relatively narrow-minded academic scientific community has always preferred to deal with instances of fraud and misconduct quietly, without external intervention. Recent highly publicized instances of scientific misconduct have stunned the electrochemical community, renewing calls for different approaches to address this growing threat to the position and trust of science within our society and, consequently, the generous public funding of academic research.

Information Services to the Academic Scientific Community in the 1980s

Cet article presente les services d'information reserves aux chercheurs scientifiques dans les bibliotheques universitaires, et insiste sur l'utilite de la collaboration entre bibliothecaires et le corps enseignant