Objective To explore and establish a kind of dissertation evaluation system which can fully reflects the characteristics of academic medical doctoral training. Methods 41 medical doctoral dis-sertation evaluation systems and related literatures were collected, to get the current situation of this disser-tation evaluation system in our country and find the key points of various evaluation systems. A question-naire survey was conducted among 350 doctoral supervisors coming from 6 universities so as to define the framework and connotation of evaluation indicators. Using the Delphi expert consultation method, the con-notation of evaluation indicators and composition as well as the weight of various indicators was improved. Results The doctoral supervisors who participated in the research considered that building the disserta-tion e-valuation system should follow the principle of science, innovation and fairness, and the evaluation frame-work should have secondary index and evaluation elements. The evaluation contents concluded choosing topic, literature review, basic theory and professional knowledge, paper writing, innovation, re-search ability and academic morals and so on. And on the basis of this, the paper explored and developed a more scientific and comparative dissertation quality evaluation system with medical specialty. Conclusion The cultivation u-nits should take the educational goal of evaluation target and the requirements of awarding degree into consideration, seeking opinions fully to the first-line supervisors and combing quantitative and qualitative evalu-ation effectively with scientific and operable principles when specifying evaluation system. Key words: Academic medical doctor; Dissertation; Evaluation indicator