Academic Debate Research Articles

LEGÍTIMA DEFESA: ANÁLISE, REQUISITOS, LIMITES E APLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS

The present work aims to study and analyze the requirements, practical applications and limits for the configuration of self-defense, which excludes illegality and can be used when the offended individual uses moderately the necessary means to repel the unjust aggression committed against himself or another, when the State is unable to protect the physical integrity of the citizen. This research seeks to understand how far this right extends and what its legal and social implications are, using as a source the study of the Brazilian Penal Code, case law, doctrines and scientific works. However, the analysis aims at an in-depth understanding of the institute of self-defense, contributing to the social and academic debate on the defense of this fundamental right.

Artifacts of Glory and Pain: Evolving Cultural Narratives on Confederate Symbolism and Commemoration in a New Era of Social Justice

The American Civil War has been commemorated with a great variety of monuments, memorials, and markers. These monuments were erected for a variety of reasons, beginning with memorialization of the fallen and later to honor aging veterans, commemoration of significant anniversaries associated with the conflict, memorialization of sites of conflict, and celebration of the actions of military leaders. Sources reveal that during both the Jim Crow and Civil Rights eras, many monuments were erected as part of an organized propaganda campaign to terrorize African American communities and distort the past by promoting a “Lost Cause” narrative. Through subsequent decades, to this day, complex and emotional narratives have surrounded interpretive legacies of the Civil War. Instruments of commemoration, through both physical and digital intervention approaches, can be provocative and instructive, as the country deals with a slavery legacy and the commemorated objects and spaces surrounding Confederate inheritances. Today, all of these potential factors and outcomes, with internationally relevance, are surrounded by swirls of social and political contention and controversy, including the remembering/forgetting dichotomies of cultural heritage. In this article, drawing from the testimony of scholars and artists, I address the conceptual landscape of approaches to the presentation and evolving participatory narratives of Confederate monuments that range from absolute expungement and removal to more restrained ideas such as in situ re-contextualization, removal to museums, and preservation-in-place. I stress not so much the academic debate but how the American public is informed about and reacts to the various issues related to Confederate memorialization. My main point, where my premise stands out in the literature, is that, for the sake of posterity, and our ability to connect and engage with a tangible in situ artifact, not all Confederate statues should be taken down. Some of them, or remnants of them, should be preserved as sites of conscience and reflection, with their social and political meanings ongoing and yet to be determined in the future. The modern dilemma turns on the question: In today’s new era of social justice, are these monuments primarily symbols of oppression, or can we see them, in select cases, alternatively as sites of conscience and reflection encompassing more inclusive conversations about commemoration? What we conserve and assign as the ultimate public value of these monuments rests with how we answer this question.

Forging a green future: Synergizing industry 4.0 technologies and circular economy tactics to achieve net-zero in sustainable supply chains

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Circular Economy (CE) are emerging in academic, managerial, and policy debates, leading to integrating sustainable supply chain and net zero paradigms as an important phenomenon for maintaining competitive advantages in business. Although CE and I4.0 have significant benefits, their integration is largely untapped, representing a significant opportunity to integrate technological advancements with sustainable practices. Hence, this study investigates how CE and I4.0 can be integrated to achieve net zero in a knowledge-based sustainable supply chain. As part of this objective, the paper conducts an exploratory systematic review of selected articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Three main categories are identified from the selected articles: (i) CE principles and I4.0 technologies integration, (ii) the role of CE-I4.0 nexus in a sustainable supply chain (iii) leveraging CE-4.0 integration for net zero sustainable supply chains. We propose a multi-perspective framework to analyze the net zero sustainable supply chain implementation level using I4.0, CE, and stakeholders’ perspectives. A recommendation from this study suggests increased attention from sustainable supply chain stakeholders on developing infrastructure, including knowledge-building development and training processes focused on net zero. By utilizing our improved knowledge of I4.0 and CE, the results of the study will help researchers, businesses, and policymakers to develop an effective and integrated strategic approach to foster a net zero sustainable supply chain.

E-Professionalism's Impact on Dental Professionalism: A Rapid Scoping Review.

Dental regulators and educational institutions are increasingly concerned about the influence of digital platforms used by the profession for social, business, digital interaction with the public/patients and its impact on the professionalism in practice now and going forward. However, academic knowledge and research within dentistry are relevant to e-professionalism at a level of engagement and approach in delivering guidance to students through the current dental curriculum. The question therefore asked was what breadth of academic material, research, debate and discourse is available to inform our understanding, guidance and teaching on this ever-evolving topic. To map how e-professionalism has developed in academic dental literature as a topic within the study of professionalism in practice. A rapid scoping review was conducted to identify published research that describes and tests the topic of professionalism from 2016 to 2023. Studies were synthesised narratively using thematic analysis to inform the understanding of what has been already researched in the field. Thirteen articles were included in the review. After undertaking a thematic analysis, five themes were constructed. These included: curriculum, opportunities and safe professional use, reflections, personal and professional identity issues, and students as co-creators. Within dental research there is consensus that e-professionalism could present a tangible threat to the identity of dental professionals their clinical practice and interaction with patients/public however, less is known about what educational strategies are most effective when teaching e-professionalism.

The need for translational bioethics within perinatal healthcare and policy making: A COVID-19 case study

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted many issues that can occur due to lack of translation between the spheres of bioethics and clinical practice. In this paper, we examine how mothers and newborn infants were inappropriately separated during the initial stages of the pandemic due to inconsistent application of ethical principles in determining policy. One of the significant challenges that translational bioethics face is the complexity regarding its implementation into the health service environment. As outlined in the literature, it may be postulated that responsibility for translating bioethics from philosophical concepts into practice is the duty of those training in philosophical theory and reasoning. However, the use of bioethics in informing clinical practice is not just the case of needing a translator but rather requires an interpreter in the widest sense: professionals attuned to both bioethics and clinical practice, who can communicate with both groups effectively. A two-way dialogue needs to be more cohesively established to ensure clinical practice is guided by ethical principles and to focus academic debate towards the pragmatic issues that require ethical exploration. Utilising the translational bioethics model described by Bærøe and applying it to our perinatal COVID case study, we examine how an integrated translational bioethics approach could have prevented the harm and disruption to mother–infant dyads during the initial phase of the pandemic in 2020.

Supersizing the Impact of Unions in Downsizing Processes: A Configurational Approach Based on 19 Cases in France

This article explores how unions can influence employer decisions to downsize – a longstanding question that has been addressed through three waves of research. Although the literature has successively identified three types of factors that influence managerial decisions to downsize, it has not fully addressed the interactions of these factors, leading to inconsistencies. This article builds on and refines the existing work through a configurational approach which qualitatively evidences six downsizing configurations through a uniquely large number of cases ( n = 19). This research sheds new light on how factors combine to enhance union influence by theorizing four types of chemical-like factor interactions: catalysing, inhibiting, synthesizing and decomposing. By highlighting this interactive chemistry, this configurational approach revisits longstanding academic debates about the context–union strategy fit and the relative efficacy of union responses. From a practical perspective, it encourages unions to reject the idea that there is a single, optimal strategy for addressing downsizing.

Literature and Mysticism in the Wake of Silvano Panunzio: From The Divine Comedy to the European Literature of the Twentieth Century

This article introduces one of the forgotten figures of religious and literary studies: the Italian scholar, philosopher, metaphysician, poet and writer Silvano Panunzio (1918–2010). His contribution has so far been relegated to the margins of academic debate, and, currently, there are no academic studies on his work, in which mysticism plays a pivotal role. Panunzio believed that the transcendental and mystical dimension is fundamental for fully understanding the social, cultural, historical and political events of humanity. Another relevant aspect of his work is the importance he gave to literature and its relationship with mysticism, as in the case of Dante’s Divine Comedy or other European and Eastern writers and poets, such as Goethe, Shakespeare, Ibn Arabi and Dostoevsky. Significantly, Panunzio saved from oblivion the work of a forgotten man of letters of the nineteenth century, Gabriele Rossetti (1783–1854), who proposed the first symbolic and esoteric interpretation of Dante’s literary production and of European medieval love literature. Raising awareness of the intellectual amnesia around the figure of Silvano Panunzio may be a useful contribution to future research, both in the field of religious and literary studies.

CAPACITAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO EFICAZ DAS TICS NO PROCESSO EDUCATIVO

New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have triggered a series of profound transformations in contemporary society, affecting sociocultural, historical, economic and political spheres in unexpected and complex ways. In this context, this paper adopts a qualitative approach and carries out a literature review to explore the impacts of ICTs on education, particularly about pedagogy and teacher training. Thus, the main emphasis lies on unraveling the relevance of ICTs in teacher training, in addition to identifying the challenges that these professionals face when trying to integrate these technologies into their pedagogical practices. To this end, we seek to develop an in-depth introspection on the concrete difficulties that teachers encounter and the strategies to overcome them, seeking both to elucidate the obstacles and to propose ways to optimize the use of ICTs in the educational process. In this sense, it is pointed out that the intended results include a more solid understanding of the importance of ICTs in teacher training and a detailed perception of the barriers that limit their effective implementation. Therefore, the study aims to enrich the academic debate on the topic, offering effective understandings for researchers and educators interested in integrating ICTs more efficiently into their pedagogical practices.

Contemporary fellow travellers: Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists and the theory and political practice of Marxism

Within academic discourses of postcolonial theory, much has been written on whether and how Marxism can be drawn on to understand the ‘postcolonial world’ and, in this regard, what the relations between Eurocentrism and Marxism are. In practice, Marxism remains a core analytical framework for many emancipatory movements from the Global South, as is the case for Egyptian organisation of Revolutionary Socialists, whose popularity grew during the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. The following paper is based on anthropological research with Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists in exile and the political underground. It showcases that many academic postcolonial debates sideline the agency of Marxist social actors from the Global South, their theoretical and practical endeavours, and their own modes of knowledge production. It is through the agency of Revolutionary Socialist social actors that Marxism travels from below, is translated, (re)read, debated, and materialises itself in given contexts. I highlight how Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists utilise Marxism as a living theory in their contemporary political practice and argue that their practice in exile as fellow travellers can be understood as a reconfiguration of the concept of travelling theory into travelling theory from below. Herein the centrality of social actors’ practice in grasping theory manifests itself.

IDENTIFICAÇÃO E ABRANGÊNCIA DA AUTONOMIA PRIVADA

Private autonomy is a fundamental concept in democratic societies, recognizing individuals' capacity to exercise their will and make decisions within the context of their private relationships. This article aims to provide an understanding of the identification and scope of the principle of private autonomy in the legal sphere, its interaction with other relevant legal principles, the limits imposed by public order and fundamental rights, its evolution and challenges. Special attention will be given to how this principle is understood and applied in the Brazilian legal system. The presentation and analysis of practical cases in different legal relationships intends to clearly demonstrate the evolution of the autonomy of the will to private autonomy, to highlight the limits and extent of its application and to contribute to the academic debate and the development of Civil Law.

R&D investments, ownership and local firm growth

Abstract How do research and development (R&D) investments stimulate the local economy? Our paper complements and extends the voluminous literature on the externalities of R&D investments by looking at internal firm growth across regions and the “spillovers” from R&D workers on other workers within the same firm. More specifically, we examine how R&D investments affect the change in employment and productivity in the same firm over time. We also investigate the differences that come with domestic or foreign ownership. Combining data from the Swedish biennial survey series on R&D with firm and establishment registers, we find that R&D-stimulated growth is a localized phenomenon: firms tend to grow in the same regions where they invest in R&D activities. This link is particularly strong for employment effects. While we find that the positive association between R&D and labor productivity holds for all firms, growth effects on local employment are limited to domestically owned firms, especially in manufacturing. The results strengthen our understanding of the correlation between R&D and firm growth on a local level, and contribute to both the academic and policy debate on the effects of globalization on local economic growth.

Whither the Walking Dead? The Consequences of Artificial Intelligence for Zombie Firms

Abstract Zombie firms have been a prominent yet controversial subject of academic and policy debates in recent years. In this article, we first revisit the economic consequences and driving factors of zombie companies and then, based on this assessment, discuss the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for zombie firms. We document that the share of zombie firms in advanced economies has risen considerably over the past three decades, and that this increase has been a significant drag on productivity growth. We further find that persistently low interest rates are a significant causal factor underlying the rise of zombie companies. Turning to AI, we argue that an AI-induced productivity boom may counteract the drag from zombie firms and improve firm performance, mitigating corporate zombification. Moreover, by leading to higher interest rates that force zombie firms to exit markets, AI may boost productivity further in the longer run – a so far overlooked channel in the debate on the economic implications of AI.

History of behavioral accounting research (1960–2023): a bibliometric analysis

Purpose This study aims to examine the over 60-year evolution of behavioral accounting research (BAR), with the main aim of critically and accurately tracing its past, present and future. Design/methodology/approach This study used Scopus and Google Scholar databases to collect 2,263 articles of BAR published on relevant accounting journals. Thus, this study used Bibliometrix to provide a temporal overview of articles and a temporally oriented network co-occurrence analysis of BAR topics. Findings This study retraces the history of BAR since its origins and, also on the basis of triggering events inside (e.g. Nobel Prizes for behavioral economics studies) and outside (e.g. accounting scandals) the academic debate, this study critically discusses the evolution and interconnections of BAR topics. Then, future research is addressed toward main promising avenues, thus integrating recent technological applications into the behavioral accounting experimental designs to improve their external validity, exploring the potential positive effects of professionals’ heuristics in performing accounting tasks under certain environmental conditions, exploiting behavioral accounting frameworks to analyze and improve sustainability reporting and sustainability performance management. Originality/value Although BAR is rich of contributions, including subfields and contaminations, it lacks a holistic evaluation of its origins, development and future perspectives. In this vein, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the evolution of BAR.

THE STRUGGLE TO ANTICIPATE THE FUTURE Political uses, technological approaches and moral debates on climate change

This paper explores major academic debates that address why, as our scientific understanding of climate change increases, controversies about its causes and responses multiply. To this end, this research presents a discussion of the literature on the political, technological, and social conditions that generate divergent ideas on climate change. This article is divided into three sections. First, it is argued that climate knowledge tends to be contextualized to local concerns. Second, inherent technical limitations of climate models limit a direct translation between global climate science and local policies. Third, greater knowledge could not resolve controversies on climate change since values are inevitably part of understanding and elaborating solutions. Due to the high complexity of climate change, the intellectual fragmentation of its study, and the multiplication of contradictory information, it is crucial to present a broad overview of current academic contributions to strengthen public debate and informed decision-making.

Is there something that connects the diversity of historical narratives?

The interview with Kenneth Nordgren from Karlstad University, Sweden, addresses key questions about transcultural dialogue, the role of historical thinking, and the challenges of teaching history. The starting point is the question of how transcultural dialogue and historical thinking have changed in recent years from the perspective of the interviewee. The interview also discusses how transcultural academic exchange can be promoted, taking into account different educational contexts and social values. It further considers how to ensure that the academic debate is not dominated only by socially or economically privileged groups. Other topics include the role of digitalisation and online communities in history education, and the benefits of cross-disciplinary approaches. The extent to which current global challenges such as pandemics, wars and climate change underline the need for increased transcultural exchange in history education will also be addressed.

Adoption of e-wallets: trust and perceived risk in Generation Z in Colombia

Purpose This study aims to explore the development of trust in relation to security and privacy concerns, as well as the influence of perceived risk on the intention to use e-wallets. The research focused on the Colombian context because of its characterization as an underdeveloped financial system that has experienced considerable security and privacy violations in recent years. Additionally, this geographical area is relatively under-researched, and the target demographic for this investigation was Generation Z, given their pivotal role in driving the adoption of e-wallets. Design/methodology/approach Based on measurement scales that had already been tested in the academic literature on mobile payment systems, a questionnaire was developed and distributed electronically. A total of 424 responses were obtained from young Colombians. Structural equation modeling (SEM), specifically the PLS-SEM method, was used to process the data to study the explanatory and predictive power of the proposed model. Findings The findings revealed that security and privacy have a positive and significant effect on perceived trust, and that this at the same time has a positive and significant effect on attitude, perceived usefulness, perceived ease and intention to use, as well as a significant but negative effect on perceived risk. On the other hand, perceived risk showed an inverse, but not significant, relationship with intention to use. Originality/value This research explored the adoption of e-wallets by young people in Colombia, which has been widely claimed in the academic literature. In a turbulent context with a high distrust of financial institutions, as well as a change in digital money consumption patterns, it is critical to understand the factors that contribute to the adoption of mobile payment services. The findings, in addition to contributing to the academic debate, have important implications for e-wallet providers, as they offer information that allows designing strategies to attract and keep current and potential users. At the same time, the recommendations by the authors allow the design of tools, especially related to security and privacy, to improve their trust and build loyalty, thus contributing to the consolidation and development of the mobile payment system.

A journey into women's managerial career development through the social cognitive career lens

This article presents a computational literature review that aims to disentangle the themes that have marked the academic debate on women's career development in management positions through the lens of social cognitive career theory. Relying on the novel methodology of topic modeling, the research inductively conceptualizes 12 topic-based themes that have contributed to academic debate in the last decades. In interpreting the landscape that emerged, the topics have been aggregated into three main categories: individual characteristics and learning experiences, contextual factors, cognitive mechanisms, and regulation of behavior. The fine-grained conceptualization of the topics and the derived framework contribute to systematizing the literature and to emphasizing the different facets of women's career journeys in attaining leadership positions. Through a discussion of the contributions and limitations identified in each category, the study provides recommendations for future research.

The Relevance of WAPE’s Leading Role in Stimulating Academic Debate in the World

The Relevance of WAPE’s Leading Role in Stimulating Academic Debate in the World

Navigating the margins of the (education) system: Spanish young people in a post-economic crisis context

ABSTRACT The relationship between material deprivation, economic poverty and education exclusion has been a focus of attention in numerous political and academic debates. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between structural positions – and material disadvantages – and young people’s educational trajectories (especially, educational exclusion and early school leaving processes), as well as the role of schooling institutions and subjective dispositions as mediating factors. The study, centred on a working-class city in Spain, draws on qualitative methods: semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 26) and life-stories of young people in a situation of or at risk for Early school leaving (ESL, n = 25). Our results point to a complex, contextual, and non-deterministic relationship between structural positions and educational trajectories and to the key role played by schooling institutions and subjective dispositions as mediators of that relationship. Finally, we conclude this paper reflecting on the role of the State in reducing ESL-processes.

Nudging consumers’ choices for niche milk: A real purchase experiment

Changing behaviours causing poor health is an ongoing global health challenge that requires developing adequate food policies and strengthening their effectiveness. Policies based on nudging have become increasingly popular internationally, but the literature provides mixed evidence of their effectiveness, with an intense academic debate. This study contributes to the debate by investigating the effect of different nudging techniques (availability enhancement, visibility enhancement and healthy eating calls) via a framed field experiment involving purchases of milk types. Participants were split into different nudging treatment groups and were endowed with a cash amount to purchase any desired quantity of the different products. We modelled observed choices via the multiple discrete–continuous nested extreme value model, which has yet to receive attention for the analysis of nudging effects on food choices. Results show that only the healthy eating call nudge effectively drove participants towards healthier milk choices, while the effect of other nudges is statistically insignificant. We provide simulated demand curves conditional on nudging treatments, which measure the effect of the latter on consumers’ consumption levels of the different milk types available.