Substance Abuse Addiction Research Articles

Penyuluhan dan Sosialisasi Guna Meningkatkan Kesadaran Bahaya NAPZA bagi Remaja Desa Sumbersari

Abuse of Narcotics, Psychotropics and Addictive Substances (Drugs) among the younger generation is a crucial issue that threatens the future of the nation. This abuse has a significant negative impact on the mental and physical development of the younger generation. Therefore, prevention efforts through education, routine counseling and positive activities in the community are very important. The socialization program on the dangers of drugs was carried out at the Sumbersari Village Hall, Ngampel District, Kendal Regency. The targets for this activity are teenagers from Sumbersari Village. This activity is carried out using the ABCD method which includes identifying community strengths, asset mapping, community economic analysis, creating relationships and activity priorities, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results of counseling regarding the abuse of narcotics, psychotropic substances and other addictive substances in Sumbersari village show significant benefits for the younger generation. Participants' responses emphasized the importance of the understanding provided. The suitability of participants' expectations with the reality of the activity can be seen from the appreciation for the presence of food and similarities with socialization at school. Participants' understanding also increased thanks to the material presented in an interesting way. Comfort during activities is an important factor in maintaining participant concentration. However, participant satisfaction was affected by schedule discrepancies.

Social media – Boon or Bane?

Abstract Introduction and aims This literature review examines the complex relationship between social media usage and its subsequent health sequelae while shedding light on fields of research that require further investigation in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Materials and methods Indexing services (SCOPUS and PUBMED) were used to identify pertinent studies, prioritising original research, review articles, and meta-analyses from 2018 to 2024. Papers not published in English (or where full-text translation was not available), research conducted solely on non-human populations, and proposal and opinion papers were excluded. Papers from before 2018 and those that observed an effect in a sample size of 50 participants or less were also omitted. The author then conducted a thorough evaluation of each study to ensure relevance and significance. After deduplication of results and implementation of the exclusion criterion, a total of 50 papers were shortlisted for this review. The keywords used for this literature search were “social media,” “internet usage,” “health,” “depression,” “cyberbullying,” “addiction,” and “misinformation.” Results The findings reveal a complex interplay between social media usage and psychosocial well-being. Social media facilitates global connectivity but correlates with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, especially among adolescents. Cyberbullying, anonymity-driven, escalates mental health risks. Social media usage links with addictive behaviours, substance abuse, misinformation propagation, and racial discrimination, exacerbating public health crises. Conclusion Longitudinal studies are crucial to understand causal relationships and develop targeted interventions. Collaboration among stakeholders is imperative to promote responsible social media usage and protect public health in the digital age.

Integrasi Program Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Napza Bersama Civitas Akademika dan Aparat Desa

Abuse of Narcotics and Addictive Substances (NAPZA) is a serious problem that threatens the younger generation, including in Cijagang Village, Cikalong Kulon District, Cianjur Regency. In 2023, 20 cases of drug abuse will be recorded, and in 2024 there will be an additional 2 cases through this program. Socialization of Drug Abuse Prevention through School Communities, intervention carried out on January 27 2024. The aim is to provide knowledge and understanding about the dangers of drug abuse. The methods used include social initiation, social assessment, social organizing, intervention planning, social intervention, evaluation and termination. As a result, 38 out of 60 students attended, with an increase in understanding seen from the pre-test and post-test. This shows that students' knowledge and understanding regarding the implementation of Drug Abuse Prevention Socialization has increased significantly so that this activity is considered successful

Therapeutic potential of fungally derived psilocybin extract in morphine-dependent mice: A research protocol

Introduction: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine derivative psychedelic compound potently produced by fungi members of the genus Psilocybe. Previous literature has highlighted psilocybin as a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with striking effects on neural plasticity and cognition. Recent studies explore the usage of psilocybin in addressing addictive behaviours and substance abuse. Small psilocybin doses have shown promising anti-addictive and withdrawal-minimizing properties in alcohol-dependent mice. This study will further investigate this emerging field through a novel lens. We propose a novel study to elucidate psylobicin’s effect on opioid addiction in mouse models. Methods: Morphine-dependent mice will be administered either saline vehicle or differing doses of psilocybin during a morphine-available period to monitor consumption. Though mechanistically ambiguous, psilocybin’s hypothesized entry into serotonin-dependent stress-conciliating pathways supports the hypothesis that mean morphine consumption will decrease in a dose-dependent manner to similar levels to popular opioid receptor agonist therapeutics, such as methadone. Furthermore, we will examine psilocybin's impact on withdrawal behaviour. After morphine deprival on dependent mice, sustained doses of psilocybin, methadone, and positive and negative controls will be administered. Results: By analyzing stress-indicative behaviours in mice, the efficacy of psilocybin as a withdrawal assistance agent can be elucidated. Results from the morphine-dependent mice are expected to consume less morphine than controls, and minimize withdrawal symptoms at a similar level to popular therapeutic options like methadone. Discussion: If successful, psilocybin’s anti-addictive potential will help provide a cheaper, more accessible therapeutic option in addressing the growing opioid crisis. Furthermore, controlled psilocybin dosages have been shown to have lesser dependence potential compared to modern opioid addiction therapeutics. Conclusion: This study’s novel approach will provide meaningful support in exploring the growing field of mycology and its potential to address other substance use disorders. Future research may explore outside the limitations of the mouse model, like the oral administration of the compounds rather than intraperitoneal injection.

Edukasi pada Penyalahguna Napza dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Penyalahguna Napza di Stakoetoe Medan Plus Padang Bulan

Narcotic, psychotropic, and addictive substance abuse (NAPZA) is a serious problem that affects the quality of life of many people at various levels of society. Good quality of life is a state or state of life for an individual or group of people in a particular place and time in which they can experience positive emotions in the form of happiness and satisfaction. One way to help drug addicts maintain a good quality of life is through rehabilitation programs. One of the rehabilitation facilities that plays an important role in this is Stacoetoe Medan Plus Rehabilitation. However, the success of this rehabilitation also depends on a holistic approach that includes educational aspects. General Goal: 4,444 drug addicts will be able to perform and optimize activities that will improve their quality of life and increase their productivity. Specifically: Know the basic principles for improving quality of life (understanding, goals, characteristics of people who already have a good quality of life) and understand the supporting factors for improving quality of life and take steps to improve their quality of life. Quality of life. The method used is qualitative method. Conducted at Stakoetoe Medan Plus, Jamin Pinting Street, and Pasar VII Street No. 45, Padang Bulan. The number of participants in this consultation was 36 people.

Psikophoria Untuk Remaja Rehabilitasi Narkoba di Sumatera Utara

There is a need for life skills in a social rehabilitation center for victims of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive substances abuse, which so far have only been able to depend on third party funding sources. Victims of abuse of narcotics, psychotropics and other addictive substances are victims who have come close to even consuming narcotics, psychotropics and other addictive substances that are destroying the nation's generation. Drugs (narcotics, psychotropics and other addictive substances) can endanger human life, if consumed with inappropriate way, can even cause death (1) Drugs have a very broad negative impact; both physically, psychologically, economically, socially, culturally, defense and security, and so on (2).. Another Victim Social Rehabilitation Center "Insyaf" North Sumatra, which is approximately 36 km from the Medan LP3I Polytechnic, is a rehabilitation center for those who have consumed the illicit goods. Many methods are used so that drug users can return to normal and recover as usual, namely by keeping them busy so that they forget about the illicit goods. The problem that occurs is, after 9 months of the rehabilitation process, they leave and are returned to their respective families. However, 85% of those who have been sent home to their parents return to the rehabilitation center because they return to using these illicit goods.

A protocol of a systematic review on deep brain stimulation surgery and its efficacy in addressing substance abuse addiction.

Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic approaches are still the mainstay first line of treatment for substance use disorder. However, the path to rehabilitation and cessation of dependence often proves uncertain and laborious, with risks of relapse being considerable despite exposure to current therapeutic modalities. For cases of treatment-refractory addiction, deep brain stimulation (DBS) interventions can prove a more effective long term therapeutic solution for the patient. The aim of the study will be to systematically assess whether attempts at correcting substance use disorder via DBS neurosurgical interventions have been successful in inducing remission or ameliorating relapse rates. The current study will analyze available literature from database inception up to 15th April 2023, reviewing all publications documenting results achieved with human patients undergoing DBS for substance use disorder in PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The electronic database search will exclude animal studies in the field and focus solely on the application of DBS for the purposes of addressing addiction disorders. The expectation is for a reduced number of trial results to have been reported, namely due to the relatively recent application of DBS to address severe addiction. Nonetheless, numbers should be in sufficient amount to inform about the efficacy of the intervention. This study will attempt to demonstrate the viability of DBS as a solution for tackling treatment-refractory substance use disorder, proposing it as a valid therapeutic option that can deliver robust results and help combat an expanding societal plague that is drug dependence.

Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Gambling and Gaming: A Systematic Review of Studies on Healthy Controls, Participants with Gambling/Gaming Disorder, and Substance Use Disorder.

Gambling disorder (GD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) are formally recognized behavioral addictions with a rapidly growing prevalence and limited treatment options. Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques have emerged as potentially promising interventions for improving treatment outcomes by ameliorating cognitive functions implicated in addictive behaviors. To systematize the current state of evidence and better understand whether and how tES can influence gambling and gaming-related cognitive processes, we conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature, focusing on tES effects on gaming and gambling in a diverse range of population samples, including healthy participants, participants with GD and IGD, as well as participants with substance abuse addictions. Following the literature search in three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), 40 publications were included in this review, with 26 conducted on healthy participants, 6 focusing on GD and IGD patients, and 8 including participants with other addictions. Most of the studies targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and assessed the effects on cognition, using gaming and gambling computerized cognitive tasks measuring risk taking and decision making, e.g., balloon analogue risk task, Iowa gambling task, Cambridge gambling task, etc. The results indicated that tES could change gambling and gaming task performances and positively influence GD and IGD symptoms, with 70% of studies showing neuromodulatory effects. However, the results varied considerably depending on the stimulation parameters, sample characteristics, as well as outcome measures used. We discuss the sources of this variability and provide further directions for the use of tES in the context of GD and IGD treatment.

Restless Leg Syndrome and Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: Observational study

Background: Impulse-control disorders and related behaviors (ICD-RB) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, but their relationship and independence from dopaminergic therapy are not well understood. This study aims to determine the correlation between ICD-RBs and RLS and the significant psycho-behavioral profile of RLS patients in the presence of ICD-RBs.Methods: The study screened PD patients visiting a neurology outpatient department for addictive behaviors, alcohol and substance abuse, and ICDs using the QUIP questionnaire. RLS was diagnosed based on the criteria set by the International RLS study group. The cohort was divided into groups based on the presence of ICDs and RLS.Results: 48.6% of the 72 PD patients in the study displayed at least one Impulse Control Disorder-Related Behavior (ICD-RB), with 57.1% showing compulsive medication use, 17.1% showing compulsive eating, 11.4% showing compulsive buying, 11.4% displaying gambling disorder, and 2.8% displaying hypersexuality. In addition, 26.3% of patients in the cohort had Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), with 68.4% of these patients displaying at least one ICD-RB. Among patients with RLS and ICD-RBs, gambling was the most commonly observed behavior, displayed by 30.7% of patients, while 36.8% displayed co-occurring compulsive eating. Only one patient showed more than one ICD-RB, which included both gambling and compulsive medication use.Conclusion: The study concludes that 11% of PD patients can have co-occurrence of RLS and ICD-RBs, and this behavioral profile may be due to circadian fluctuation in dopamine release in a hyper-dopaminergic state. Long-term dopaminergic treatment or degenerative processes may be the cause of both RLS and ICD-RBs in PD patients.

Relationship between Behavior, Occupation and Abuse of Psychotropic Drugs and Addictive Substances with Cases of Sexual Violence by Partners Against Women Recorded at the Women Crisis Center in Padang City

Background : One of the main issues affecting reproductive health is sexual violence. Sexualviolence is the third most common form of violence against women (30%) of all cases. Basedon data from the Woman Crisis Center (WCC) in Padang, cases of sexual violence havecontinued to increase. There are four main determinants of sexual violence including thesocial environment, community, individual and relationship.Methods: A case-control study is designed to help determine if an determinants is associatedwith an outcome. This study was conducted on 66 samples, 33 of whom were female victimsof sexual violence by partners registered at the WCC. The B-SAFER questionnaire is used asan instrument to assess descriptions of sexual violence committed and psychosocialassessment of the factors underlying the occurrence of sexual violence. Chi-Square test andlogistic regression are used to analyze the relationship between variables.Results: There is no significant relationship between the abuse of psychotropic drugs and theincidence of sexual violence. However, there is a significant relationship between a history ofnegative behavior (p = 0.0001) and disruption of job stability (p = 0.0002) to incidents ofsexual violence. Between this two, negative behavior is the factor that most contributes to theincidence of sexual violence against women, but it is not statistically significant.Conclusion: Behavior is the most important factor in the occurrence of sexual violence, butstatistically it is not significant. There is no variable that determines sexual violence becausethe concept of sexual violence is a complex and polymorphic phenomenon. Further studiesare needed in determining the role of other factors that play a role.

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact.

Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and motivation. Addictive substances (alcohol, marijuana, caffeine, heroin, methamphetamine (METH), and nicotine) are highly active central nervous stimulants. Addiction leads to severe health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, serious infections, and pulmonary/dental diseases. Drug dependence may result in unfavorable cognitive impairments that can continue during abstinence and negatively influence recovery performance. Although addiction is a critical global health challenge with numerous consequences and complications, currently, there are no efficient options for treating drug addiction, particularly METH. Currently, novel treatment approaches such as psychological contingency management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement strategies are of great interest. Herein, we evaluate the devastating impacts of different addictive substances/drugs on users' mental health and the role of tryptophan in alleviating unfavorable side effects. The tryptophan metabolites in the mammalian brain and their potential to treat compulsive abuse of addictive substances are investigated by assessing the functional effects of addictive substances on tryptophan. Future perspectives on developing promising modalities to treat addiction and the role of tryptophan and its metabolites to alleviate drug dependency are discussed.

Impulse-Control Disorders and Restless Leg Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease: Association or Coexistence.

Both Impulse-control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RB) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are relatively common in patients with Parkinson's disease, but little is known are they related or independent complications of dopaminergic therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between ICD-RBs and RLS and also, to determine the associated significant psycho-behavioural profile of RLS patients in presence of ICD-RBs. PD who visited neurology OPD were screened for the presence of addictive behaviors, alcohol and substance abuse, ICDs including Impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified with the help of a QUIP questionnaire. RLS was evaluated by diagnostic criteria set by the International RLS study group. To evaluate the association of RLS and ICDs, cohort was divided into groups of patients who had both ICD and RLS, ICD with no RLS, RLS with no ICD and no ICD or RLS. Among 122 PD patients who visited OPD, 95 eligible were included in the study. Out of these 95 patients, 51 (53.6%) had at least one ICD-RB and 18 (18.9%) had RLS. ICD-RB in decreasing order of frequency were compulsive medication (47.4%), compulsive eating (29.4%), compulsive buying (17.6%), gambling (11.7%), hypersexuality (3.9%), and others (29.8%). Among 18 patients with RLS, 12 (66.7%) were associated with at least one ICD-RB. The compulsive behaviours significantly associated with PD-RLS group were gambling (27.8%), followed by compulsive eating (44.2%). While comparing disease characteristics, PD-ICD/RLS patients had statistically significant disease duration (p 0.007) and higher LEDD (p 0.004). Other demographic and socioeconomic features did not reveal any differences between the groups. 11% of PwPD can have co-occurrence of RLS and ICD-RBs. Circadian fluctuation in levels of dopamine release on the background of hyper-dopaminergic state produces waves of crest and trough, which may be possible for this behavioral profile. Long-term dopaminergic treatment or degenerative process itself may be the cause leading to emergence of both RLS and ICD-RBs in PD patients.

Evaluation of a web-based randomized controlled trial educational intervention based on media literacy on preventing substance abuse among college students, applying the integrated social marketing approach: a study protocol

BackgroundSubstance abuse is the actual psychosocial harm, especially in young people confronted with content marketing in nowadays media environment, a risk factor for experiencing substance abuse. Based on the literature review, education designed based on the cognitive-behavioral model and planning models, such as using a social marketing framework, is the most effective method to prevent addictive substance abuse. Also, media literacy related to substance abuse and the prototype willingness model is considered a new integrated approach to present the intervention measures’ desired results.MethodsThe present study evaluates an intervention program based on media literacy on substance abuse prevention among students using an integrated social marketing approach. This study aims to complete the SMART model’s sixth and seventh stages, implementing intervention and evaluation. Participants will be students of Hamadan University, Iran. Randomization will occur at the university and school levels, and gathered data will appear at two-time (i.e., pre-test and three months follow-up). Intervention group students will obtain both substance abuse prevention education and substance abuse media literacy (SAML) education between pre-test and 3 months post-test. Students in the delayed intervention will be given this education after study accomplishment; this group will receive their regular courses except for substance abuse prevention and media literacy titles during education intervention. The outcome variables are intentions and substance abuse behavior based on prototype willingness and substance abuse media literacy.DiscussionEvaluation of Substance abuse prevention and substance abuse media literacy education must be careful to ensure that they effectively enable people, especially in youth in the new media ecology and unique “Infomedia” ecosystems, in the current digital society. The SAML education plan’s evaluation has the first web-based education program in universities. No prior research has psychometrically considered SAML in students in the SMART model’s sixth and seventh stages.Trial registrationIRCT20200914048719N1. Registered on June 30, 2021.

Protein-protein interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1 in chronic lung injury induced by methamphetamine abuse.

Methamphetamine (MA) is the most common and highly addictive substance abuse drug. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) are associated with lung inflammation and fibrosis. However, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between RUNX3 and ZEB1 and its involvement in MA-induced chronic lung injury is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated lung injury using echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and western blot analysis. The viability of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was assessed using cell counting kit-8. Molecular Operating Environment software, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database, co-immunoprecipitation, assay and confocal immunofluorescence assay were used to predict and identify the PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1. The expression of RUNX3 and ZEB1 were knockdown in AECs using siRNA. The results revealed that MA exposure increased the peak blood flow velocity of the pulmonary artery and the acceleration time of pulmonary artery blood flow. Further, exposure to MA also causes adhesion and fusion of the alveolar walls and altered AEC activity. A decrease in the expression of RUNX3 and an increase in the expression of ZEB1 and its downstream signaling molecules were observed on MA exposure. The PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1 were identified. Further, an increase in the protein binding rate of RUNX3-ZEB1 was observed in MA-induced lung injury. These results show interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1. RUNX3 protects against lung injury; however, ZEB1 expression and the PPIs between ZEB1 and RUNX3 has deleterious effects on chronic lung injury induced by MA exposure. Our results provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic lung injury due to MA exposure.

Penanggulangan dan Pencegahan Narkotika

The problem in this research is the Prevention and Countermeasures Against Abuse and Illicit Trafficking of Narcotics, Psychotropics and other Addictive Substances. Kenagarian Ranah Sungai Magelang is one of the Kenagarians in Gunung Tuleh District, West Pasaman Regency which has the highest level of abuse and circulation cases. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Effectiveness of the Regional Regulation of West Pasaman Regency No. 2 of 2017 Article 12 concerning the prevention and control of illicit trafficking of narcotics or other addictive substances in West Pasaman District, Gunung Tuleh Kenagarian District, Magelang River Region and to find out how Siyasah's Fiqh reviews the effectiveness of this local regulation. The role of the community in the Magelang River Realm in accordance with Article 12 Number 2 of 2017 Regional Regulation of West Pasaman Regency is to participate in carrying out campaigns and disseminating information regarding the dangers of abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other Addictive Substances. The community in the Magelang River Realm Kenagarian is actively involved in campaigning and disseminating information about the dangers of abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other Addictive Substances, in the form of counseling. This counseling is in collaboration with the Head of Drug Research at the West Pasaman Police. However, in Kenagarian Ranah Sungai Magelang, prevention from the community is only a form of counseling without any activities aimed at avoiding the dangers of Narcotics such as community organizations, such as community empowerment. There is no forum for the community to actively participate in this drug prevention action.

Pengenalan Zat Aditif dan Adiktif yang Berbahaya Bagi Kesehatan di Lingkungan MTs. Negeri 2 Kabupaten Gorontalo

The introduction of additives and addictive substances for the younger generation, especially the millennial generation, is very important because children's habits, especially when they are teenagers, do snack activities at school and the surrounding environment without having a selective attitude for the sake of health. The habit of snacking and the lack of knowledge and understanding of healthy snacks and the content of foods that are harmful to health make students not have a selective attitude in consuming snacks in the school environment. Additives contained in food, if excessive can have a negative effect on health. Likewise with addictive substances if misused it will cause negative effects for the body. The purpose of this service activity is to introduce additives and addictive substances that are harmful to health for students aged children and adolescents so that they are able to prevent disease, create a selective attitude in consuming food for the sake of health and save our children from abuse of harmful addictive substances. . The method used in this service activity is the lecture method with a participatory approach through 4 stages of activity, namely, opening, giving material, question and answer/discussion and closing. The socialization activity went well, this could be seen from the enthusiasm of the participants in participating in the socialization activity from beginning to end and actively asking questions and discussing. Learners know the types of additives and addictive substances that are harmful to health and know how to prevent abuse of dangerous addictive substances. In addition, it also adds insight and knowledge to participants about additives and addictive substances that are harmful to health so that students have a selective attitude in snacking activities and consuming food and drinks in the school environment and its surroundings.

Mental Health Problems during COVID-19 Pandemic

Mental health is essential to achieving a comprehensive degree of health, but it has not become a top priority in some developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for people to access physical and mental health services. The situation of this pandemic pushes WHO and mental health services as an integral component of the condition. Only a third of healthcare providers in the United States can receive standardized mental health care. In developing countries with low and middle incomes, 75% more people experience neurological disorders, mental disorders, and addictive substance abuse. The prevalence of patients affected by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is around 4-41%, and the prevalence of major depression due to the epidemic - increased by 7%. Unfortunately, of those with mental disorders, only a tiny percentage get proper treatment.

EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING KLIEN RAWAT JALAN DI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Abstract Drug problems are not a common problem but are something urgent, complex and a serious threat. As a form of attention from the Indonesian government, the government formed an institution, namely the National Narcotics Agency which has a legal basis, namely Law No. 39 of 2009 concerning drugs in charge of prevention, eradication of abuse and illicit trafficking of psychotropics, precursors, and other addictive substances except materials for tobacco and alcohol. . Drug users are no longer criminals according to PP 25 of 2011 concerning Self-Reporting at the Recipient Institution for Compulsory Reporting (IPWL). In this case, drug users will carry out rehabilitation both outpatient and inpatient with counseling activities. The study used the outpatient method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of outpatient counseling at the National Narcotics Agency of Lampung Province. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that outpatient client counseling at the National Narcotics Agency of Lampung Province has been quite effective but facilities and infrastructure need to be improved to support the implementation of counseling. In the implementation of counseling, it is inseparable from the supporting aspects, namely having qualified and professional human resources and the use of advice and infrastructure can be maximized by the counselor for good counseling and the inhibiting aspect is related to commitment or the presence of clients who sometimes like to pass the session. Key Words: Effectiveness, Counseling, Clients, Outpatient

Socialization Of Reproduktive and Sexual Health Problems In Adolescent In SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tegal

Adolescents are part of a society that is undergoing a transition process from childhood to adulthood. During the transition period, there are many changes, both physically and psychologically. Reproductive health is a state in which physical, mental and social well-being, intact and not merely free from disease or disability in all matters relating to the reproductive system, function and process . During adolescence, there are striking changes physically and psychologically which is commonly referred to as puberty. The purpose of this socialization is so that teenagers can apply healthy behavior patterns, namely avoiding early marriage, sex before marriage or free sex, and avoiding the abuse of narcotics, psychotropic substances and addictive substances. The method used to increase the knowledge of adolescents is by socializing or counseling. The author hopes that after this counseling or socialization is carried out, adolescents can find out how important it is to maintain reproductive health. The expected result is an increase in adolescent knowledge about the importance of reproductive health in adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tegal

Factors Causing the Tendency to Abuse Addictive Substances in Adolescent Girls

The use of addictive substances as a social issue has raised many concerns at various levels of human societies. In this, the tendency to addictive substances in adolescent girls as mothers of the next generation is worrying. The purpose of this review was to identify the factors of the tendency to use addictive substances among adolescent girls and to explain the contexts, contexts, and the role of the main and effective variables on the tendency to use addictive substances. During the past years, several studies have been conducted in Iran in the field of etiology and prevention of drug use. Planning is necessary to promote future research activities, evaluate and categorize the scientifically produced results of the past decades regarding the adolescent girl population. This study suggests a clear perspective for specialists and therapists to identify the threatening and predisposing factors for the treatment of addictive substance abuse in adolescent girls and, if necessary, appropriate interventions.