Abuse In Nigeria Research Articles

Crime Impact Model of Narcotic Drug Abuse in Nigeria

Crime Impact Model of Narcotic Drug Abuse in Nigeria

Digital Activism in Transitional Democracies

Abstract This study examines the deployment of digital tools in pushing citizen activism on political accountability and empowerment using the 2018 #EndSARS campaign in Nigeria as point of reference. In so doing, the article explores the utility of digital activism and analyze the successes and challenges associated with the effectiveness of its use to advance citizens’ voices in transitional democracies. The study deployed Chorus Analytics to harvest and thematically analyze 13,000 tweets of Nigerians that relate to the 2018 #EndSARS campaign. The article argues that the campaign can be deemed successful given that it elicited and raised public discourse on police abuse in Nigeria. The study observes the absence of strong institutions as a challenge to digital activism in transitional democracies. The individuality of activism leaders also poses a significant danger to digital activism. The findings demonstrate the weaknesses associated with transitional democracies in the area of building strong institutions.

TB Joshua and his megachurch: fake medical miracles and abuse in Nigeria

TB Joshua and his megachurch: fake medical miracles and abuse in Nigeria

Christian Religious Leadership and Power Abuse in Nigeria: Negative Effects on Development and the Way Forward

Christian Religious Leadership and Power Abuse in Nigeria: Negative Effects on Development and the Way Forward

Critical Analysis of Linguistic Features in the Comments of Child Abuse Victims in Select Nigerian Online Media Outlets

Many children in Africa are usually abused in one way or the other. This abuse may involve rape, marrying them off and denying them right to quality education. Some parents force their children to do their wish (es) thereby marrying them off below the age of 18 which by extension denies many of the children the opportunity to further their education. This study, therefore, identifies analyses and discusses linguistic features in the select comments of child abuse victims in Nigeria. The comments were selected from a Nigerian national newspaper, The Punch. The newspaper selected covered the period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The reason for this time frame is based on the fact that the period resurrected the child abuse discourse in Nigeria. The study employs both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary source includes eight comments selected from The Punch. Secondary source includes books and journal articles. It adopted Lesley Jefferies’ Critical Stylistics as a theoretical framework. The study identifies poverty, poor education and insecurity as major causes for child abuse in Nigeria particularly early child marriage and child sexual abuse. It also considers insecurity as one of the causes. It recommends that school fees should be abolished for female children in Nigeria. It further recommends strict punishment for rapists in order to put an end to this ugly menace.

Nigeria’s War Against Drug Abuse: Prevalence, Patterns, Ramifications, Policy and Multisectoral Response, Strategies and Solutions

Drug abuse represents a significant and complex public health challenge of global proportions. This extensive scientific review offers a comprehensive examination of drug abuse in Nigeria, delving into its prevalence, distinct patterns, underlying determinants, health ramifications, and multifaceted interventions. The review underscores the intricate interplay of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors that contribute to the pervasive issue of drug abuse in Nigeria. Furthermore, it sheds light on the profound consequences affecting both physical and mental health, as well as the broader social and economic fabric of the nation. In closing, evidence-based solutions encompassing prevention, treatment, and policy frameworks are scrutinized for their efficacy in addressing the multifarious challenges posed by drug abuse within the Nigerian context.

Child Sexual Abuse in Nigeria: Exploring Vulnerability and Prevention from a Policing Perspective

To date, literature on vulnerabilities of children and prevention of child sexual abuse (CSA) has relied on the contributions of child-care professionals, health practitioners, and other social workers, excluding police officers. The purpose of this study is to draw on the experiences and expert opinions of police officers in exploring the vulnerabilities of children to sexual abuse and prescribing preventive measures. Officers’ engagement is premised on their collaborative work with social service agents in improving responses to crimes of violence against children. This qualitative study was conducted with 24 police detectives of the sexual offenses units in the six zonal police commands of southwest Nigeria. From the thematic analysis of their narratives, findings indicated a link between socio-cultural and religious beliefs and children’s exposure to sexual abuse. Participants indicated believe that there is a growing number of men who are preferentially or solely sexually attracted to prepubescent females. In addressing CSA, participants suggested a specialist approach to policing CSA, abolition of child marriage, community engagement in CSA policing, and legal instrumentations to govern socio-cultural practices. The study invite research that triangulates the perspectives of parents, community elders, and religious leaders in communities where considerable incidents of CSA have been reported.

High performance liquid chromatography analysis of tea-infused alcohol - a potential substance of abuse in Nigeria

In Nigeria, tea infused with locally distilled gin is often sold as a tea-alcohol blend and consumed as a recreational beverage, which has been linked to substance abuse. The purpose of this research is to assess the effects of solvents on the phytochemical compositions of tea-infused gin and hot water tea infusion. A commercial tea was extracted with locally distilled gin as well as hot distilled water. After drying, the extracts were subjected to HPLC fingerprinting analysis at a UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. HPLC analysis showed that hot water extracted 28 metabolites and locally distilled gin extracted 24 metabolites. Both extracts had two significant main peaks with similar retention times. The results of this study show that hot water tea contains similar phytocomponents as alcoholic blended tea. This implies that aqueous tea infusions and tea-alcohol blends may both provide health benefits from tea. Those with alcohol addiction and alcohol-related health problems should avoid tea-alcohol mixtures and enjoy aqueous tea infusions instead

Assessment of renal and hepatic function in people that engage in substance abuse among rehabilitation home inmates in Kaduna

Objective: Use of psychoactive substances predates civilization and uses is increasing worldwide. The menace of substance abuse in Nigeria especially among adolescents has become an epidemic with its attendance health and social consequences on the society. The study aims to determine the relationship between substances of abuse as direct risk factor for chronic kidney and liver diseases at Rehabilitation home inmates in Kaduna. Materials and Method: It was cross-sectional study. All Borstal rehabilitation home inmates at Kaduna where administered with questionnaire to assess their biodata, medical history, social history including substance abuse history. They were screened for hepatitis B and C, HIV, liver and renal function. All those that tested positive to the viral HBsAg, HCV Ab and HIV were exempted from further analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 Results: A total 315 participants were analyzed after excluding those with positive results of HBsAg, HCV and HIV. Of whom 303 (84.6%) were males with a median age = 21.0 ± 13.465. Among the substances consumed Codeine (48.6%) was the most consumed, followed by Tramadol (33.8%). There was a negative correlation between use of substances and eGFR (P = 0.234). Conversely, there was positive correlation between use of substances and ALT (P = 0.063). Cross-tabulation between abuse of substances with eGFR was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002). However, a similar crosstabulation with ALT was not statistically significant (P = 0.085). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis shows no relationship between substance abuse and eGFR, but with an odd of 1.419 for ALT >2 times upper limit of normal (P = 0.138). Conclusion: Substance abuse is prominent among Borstal home inmates and is a potential risk for kidney and liver disease.

Behind the Uniform: Police Violence and Abuse before EndSARS Protests in Nigeria (1999-2020)

This study explores the violence and abuse by personnel of the Nigeria Police before the EndSARS protests in Nigeria in October, 2020. Adopting the library research method, the study made use of documentary evidence from reports of reputable organizations, journals, working papers and newspaper articles to highlight that despite the existence of the constitution, international conventions, Police Codes, etc which are instituted and deployed to regulate the conduct of Nigeria Police, police violence and abuse of citizen’s rights were rampant and widespread before the EndSARS protests. It was found that while it may be considered that poor governance and poor funding contributed to Police violence and abuse in Nigeria, the root cause is situated in the history of having served as the instrument by which colonialists perpetrated the culture exploitation of Nigeria through violence, brutality, abuse and gross violation. It recommends the adoption of strategic police reforms that will emphasize re-orientation of the police in Nigeria through concerted training and re-training programs to wean it off the colonial vestiges of class inequalities and contradictions in the exercise of its powers. This will vitiate the usual resort to gross violation, the culture that encourages violence and rights abuse and make the Nigeria Police not just an efficient and effective body, but also a trusted and affective partner in security and nation building.

Hypothetical analysis of mediating roles of cultural identity on drug problem control in Nigeria: Managerial and policy implications for stakeholders

Illegal narcotic drugs flow from different hidden sources within and outside a territory. Over the years, national, regional and global organizations have documented a wide variety of drugs including cannabis, heroin, pharmaceutical opioids, cocaine, tranquilizers and sedatives, amphetamines, methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, solvents and inhalants, and cough syrups as being commonly misused. Literature is equally replete with several studies on how stakeholders are addressing the challenge with mixed outcomes. This study joins the conversation by investigating the mediating roles of severe personal and social marginalization as well as economic and educational inequalities on drug problem control in Nigeria. A Hypothetical approach, with the adoption of system dynamics and quantum-like model as research methods, was employed for the examination of the relationship between these cultural identities and drug problem control. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders working to address the issue of drug abuse in Nigeria, and contribute to the broader understanding of the complex dynamics of drug problem control in the context of cultural identity theory of drug abuse.

Report and Risk Being Called a Weakling?: Perspectives of Male Victims on Sociocultural Barriers to Reporting Domestic Abuse in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Considerable studies have examined and ascertained a significant number of male victims of domestic abuse, yet less is known about the social experiences of men who report their victimization. This study aims to explore the factors that interplay in the decisions of abused men to report, the sociocultural barriers to reporting abuse, and post-report social reactions toward victimized men. Fifty-two male victims of wife-initiated and perpetrated violence were engaged in a qualitative study, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out. Findings indicated a positive disposition of victims toward reporting but exhibited reluctance in reporting due to fear of social stigmatization, loss of sources of livelihood, and socio-religious statuses. Recognition of the predicaments of abused men in reporting and help-seeking processes is suggested, for their safety, coping, and wellbeing not to be compromised.

Behind the Uniform: Police Violence and Abuse after #Endsars Protests in Nigeria (2021-2023)

Violence and abuse by those behind uniforms, especially the Nigeria Police, have continued to occupy a position of prime concern to Nigerians. Despite being a critical instrument relied on by the government in ensuring social control and enhancing governance, the Nigeria Police continues to receive prime attention from the Nigerian citizenry. This became very concentrated after the #EndSARS protests of October, 2020, that sought far-reaching police reforms. This study primarily explores police violence and abuse in Nigeria after the #EndSARS protests. Informed by the nature of the research problem, this study adopted the library research method and documentary evidence collected was subjected to detailed examination. The Social Conflict Theory and the Routine Activities Theory were adopted for analysis. The study found that police violence and abuse remain rampant in Nigeria because the police continue to work to preserve the status quo of inequality and exploitation in Nigeria. This situation is escalating despite the commitment of Nigeria to various treaties and international protocols which prohibit the application of violence and abuse in police work. The prospect of effective and efficient policing of Nigeria lies in closing the inequality gap in the Nigerian society. This will create the requisite environment that will enable the transformation of the Nigeria Police to an institution that eschews violence and abuse and is able to protect citizens.

An Assessment of the Broadcast Media Campaign against Drugs Abuse in Nigeria

The use of drugs to cure and heal the body system has been of irreplaceable value to humanity. In other words, it is practically impossible, if not impossible, to dispose of drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), drug means any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify the physiological system or pathological state for the benefit of the recipient or user. Different scholarly studies have shown that drugs are useful to boost the immune and metabolic systems of a living being. However, the misuse and abuse of drugs have been problematic issues for the wellbeing of society. As a matter of fact, the abuse of drugs has been on the rise among youths in Nigeria. On a daily basis, many youths in Nigeria consume and abuse different drugs and substances such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, codeine, amphetamines, narcotics, and the like that produce high dependence. This undoubtedly exposed many Nigerian youths to different harmful health conditions, such as deterioration and weak physical appearance, and irresponsible attitudes like stealing and fighting, among others. Hence, the aim of this paper is to critically examine the use and impacts of drug abuse or addiction among youths in Nigeria and the effectiveness of broadcast media campaigns against drug abuse in Nigeria. The paper will employ different research methods, such as conceptual analysis, to delineate the meaning of major concepts like drugs, drug abuse, and media; the method of critical assessment will also be used to critically evaluate and assess the impacts of media in the campaign against drug abuse among youths in Nigeria. The paper concludes with an affirmation that the intake of illegal drugs among youths in Nigeria is alarming and, as such, dangerous and harmful to their health. Hence, the paper recommends that the government and Non-government organizations should engage more in media campaigns against drug abuse and also be firm and unbiased in enforcing the laws against lawbreakers, especially youths engaging in the consumption of illegal drugs.

THE FACES OF ELDER ABUSE: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract This presentation gives a real world and compelling picture of the abuse of older adults, with authors representing three different World Health Regions (i.e., Regional Office for Africa, Regional Office for Southeast Asia, and the Regional Office for the Western Pacific) each locating the problem within an area’s historic and present societal treatment of older persons. An actual and emblematic case study of the abuse of an older adult will frame each presentation. Presenters will synthesize empirical data and research on the problem, explaining its usefulness and limitations as well as guiding frameworks utilized to address the problem, highlighting efforts of leading figures in each area or region who are addressing the problem and explaining existing policies and future initiatives to address the abuse of older adults. Dr. Eniola Cadmus will present perspectives on elder abuse in Nigeria. Drs. Noriko Tskudada and Asako Katsumata and will present perspectives from Japan. Drs. Farida Ejaz and Mala Shankardass will present perspectives from India. Dr. Georgia Anezberger will tie together the differences and commonalities within each region drawing upon a holistic and person-centered picture of the issue and problem of elder abuse.

Impact of social media-based intervention in reducing youths’ propensity to engage in drug abuse in Nigeria

Drug abuse is one of the serious social problems facing the globe today. There have been cases of young people under the influence of drugs; engaging in different crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of social media-based intervention in reducing drug abuse propensity among youths in Nigeria. The design of the study was a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The Substance Abuse Proclivity (SAP) scale was used to collect data for the study. The study showed that social media-based intervention effectively reduced drug abuse propensity for participants in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. A follow-up intervention after two years shows a steady decline in drug abuse propensity among youth in the treatment group, unlike those in the control group. Comparatively, the training skills type of intervention was more effective than motivational interviewing.

Tramadol-Induced Acute Seizures: A Report of Three Cases

There is a rise in substance abuse in Nigeria and prescription drugs, particularly opioid analgesics, which are increasingly becoming a target of abuse. Abuse of the opiod tramadol has the potential to precipitate seizures. We present 3 cases of tramadol-induced seizures presenting at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. The three patients were men, aged 22-40 years and abused other drugs including alcohol, cannabis and Rohypnol. This report illustrates the fact that tramadol abuse may be associated with acute seizures and it is reasonable to consider drug/opiod-induced seizure in every case of unexplained first episode of seizure in a young adult
 Authors
 M B Fawale 1, A A Adebowale 1, A O Idowu 1, S A Balogun 2, A A Sanusi 1, M A Komolafe 1

Addressing Police brutality as a form of Human Right Abuse in Nigeria: A study of government efforts

Police brutality have attracted the attention of researchers and human right stakeholders, into the causes of brutality and dimensions of manifestation. In Nigeria, as in many other countries of the world, police brutality has gone as far as taking lives, and casting a shadow of doubt on the professed responsibility of the government in protecting her citizens. In Nigeria, a case at hand is the EndSARS saga which is a consequent action of the youth to end police brutality, yet leading into more brutality and massacre. This study therefore, in addition to knowledge have explored the efforts of the government in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. The study’s objectives were to ascertain the relationship between police daily routine and human right abuse in Nigeria; to assess the effects of police brutality on its victim in Nigeria; to evaluate the accountability of government in proposed measures in addressing police brutality in Nigeria; and to score the effectiveness of the measures employed by the government in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. Concentrating the study in Owerri, Imo State with a total population of 945,046 in 2022. The study draws a sample of 381 respondents who supplied data through a 20-item questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis using percentages, standard deviation and mean scores. The study’s finding shows that there is a significant relationship between police daily routine and human rights abuse; there is significant effect of police brutality on the victims; the government have not been accountable to their proposed measures for addressing police brutality; and those proposed measures are therefore not effective in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that government should first revamp the economy to increase standard of living of its citizens, make policies with interest in solving problems and not pleasing the public, and train and retrain the police officers especially on the UN Principle on the use of force and firearms. police brutality, human right abuse, Nigeria, government efforts

Prevalence and psychological outcomes of child sexual abuse in Nigeria

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a global social problem at the forefront of worldwide social policies and practices, having its highest prevalence rate in Africa. However, many studies have produced inconsistent results and conclusions regarding the nature of child sexual abuse prevalence and the associated psychological impacts, especially in Nigeria. This article provides a scoping review of the empirical studies investigating the prevalence and psychological impacts of child sexual abuse. Seven databases were searched, supplemented with a hand search of reference lists from retrieved papers. Results from prevalence studies showed a prevalence of 33.57% in the average population and 0.48 in hospital care patients. The psychological impacts recorded included difficulty experiencing feelings, drug abuse, delinquency, theft, prostitution and dropping out of schools, peer problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, loss of concentration, confusion, disorientation, nightmares, reduced self-esteem. All the impacts were grouped into four primary dimensions: Psychosocial outcomes (including difficulty experiencing feelings, drug abuse, delinquency, theft, prostitution and, dropping out of schools, peer problems); Psychopathological outcomes (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation); Psycho-emotional outcomes (loss of concentration, confusion, disorientation, nightmares); and Impaired sense of self (e.g., reduced self-esteem).

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DANGEROUS DRUGS TO OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH

Drug and substance abuse is an ever-expanding problem around the globe today and is recognized as a threat with serious effects on an individual’s health, security, social-economic and cultural welfare. Looking into the present program of Duterte’s administration, his election campaign up to the time when he occupies the highest seat in Malacanan, the promise of six (6) months of all-out war on the drug did not prosper but it is still his priority despite many concerns that are entangled in serving the Filipino people as his main agenda in addition to their safety day in and day out. Due to the prevalence of drugs in the black market, peddlers and street drug sellers are increasing and the demand is consistently high. Laws are enacted since this problem proliferate but no clear response and the answer was provided whether this has been resolved or not. Undeniably, the abuse of illegal drugs persisted in the Philippines. Young minds of the youth are distorted and professionals are becoming a liability to their organization. As mentioned by Abdulkarim (2005), students have shown consistently a considerable prevalence of drug substance using which varies in places, rates, kinds, types of users, and the actions as results of drug abuse in Nigeria. It is apparent and very evident that drug use and abuse in the Philippines as shown in the daily news published by the different news agencies and pronounced by the journalist is still a major problem despite the many laws and various measures taken by the concerned agencies of the government to curb it and awareness is at stake because many youngsters are still wanting to try due to curiosity, and proper information is very significant and the researcher believes one of the strategies in the reduction of drug users. Knowing the effect is already a warning. In one of the cities in Cagayan Valley where the study was conducted the out-of-school youth is one of the concentrations being addressed of every local government unit officers particularly at the barangay level. From the selected identified barangays where the presence of out-of-school youth is high and was identified as trying to start and indulge in drug-using and selling. All these are glitches that created other and varied problems for the community’s stakeholders that affected the peace and order and tranquillity. Everyone aims to be living in a peaceful society. Drug use, drunkenness, gambling, and prostitution are instrumental to the easy target including recruitment. With the foregoing problems relative to drug use and abuse, the researcher looked into the level of awareness of the out-of-school youth in the adverse effects of drug use and abuse because she believes that when a young mind is not busy, it tends to be thinking of something that will make the brain works be it legal or illegal, productive or non-productive during the day.