Abundance Of Butterflyfishes Research Articles

Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Ikan Kepe-Kepe (Chaetodontidae) di Teluk Paraja, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten

Fish that spend most of their life cycle and depend on the existence of coral reef ecosystems arereef fish. Butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) is a family of fish that can live in association with coral reefs and has an important role in coral reef ecosystems, causing butterflyfish to be very sensitive to changes in coral reef conditions. The tsunami in Paraja Bay, Pandeglang Regency, Banten, in December 2018 made a difference in habitat conditions. This significant difference can affect the abundance of fish that live in it, especially butterflyfish. The availability of data onthe community structure of reef fish in Paraja Bay is categorized as "poor data". Therefore, this study was conducted to add more specific data regarding the abundance and community structure of reef fish from the Chaetodontidae family. This research was conducted in February 2022 using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method to collect fish data. Data were taken on each side of the four small islands for 16 stations. The depth of the observation station is between 5-6 m. Observations at each station were carried out by placing a 50 m roll meter parallel to the shoreline with a width of 2.5 meters to the right and 2.5 meters to the left, and 5 meters above the roll meter. The result shows that there were 179 individuals found from 4 genera and 14 species of the Chaetodontidae. The species found were Chaetodon collare, C. Kleinii, C. ephippium, C. octofasciatuus, C. rafflesia, C. trifasciatus, C. vagabundus, Chelmon rostratus, Forcipiger longirostris, Heniochus acuminatus, H. pleurataenia, H. singularis, and H. singularis, H. varius. The community structure was analyzed using fish abundance, diversity (H'), dominance (C), and evenness index (E). The highest abundance of butterflyfish was 0.09 ind./m2, and the lowest was on the east side of Oar Island, which was 0.00 ind./m2. The butterflyfish diversity index ranged from 0,61 (Umang Island) to 0.71 (Badul and Mangir Island). The fish evenness index ranged from 0.69-0.84, where the highest value was 0.84 on Mangir Island and the lowest was 0.69 on Oar Island. The highest dominance index has a value of 0.35 on Oar Island, while the lowest is on Mangir Island, with a dominance index of 0.25. Based on these results, we can conclude that the genus Chaetodon has the most significant composition. Based on the community structure result, Paraja Bay’s waters provide equal opportunities for all species but have low species variation. Each species has a small number. It can be known that it is necessary to conserve and maintain coral reef ecosystems to increase the abundance and presence of butterflyfish in the waters of Paraja Bay, Pandeglang, and Banten.

Relationship Between Species Composition of Butterflyfishes and Coral Cover (Study case: Taka Bonerate National Park)

The coral reef environment has a strong influence on associated organisms such as fishes, mollusks, and others. Wherein, the butterflyfishes are marine fishes which closely associated with the tropic group as dietary specialization i.e. obligate coral feeder, facultative, and generalist. The obligate may respond only to change in preferred corals and not indicate others. However, generalist show in different response in habitat deteriorates and may allow switching feeding to a less preferred one. Many questions remain about food specific at the species level which may potentially as bio-indicator for coral conditions. Here, we studied the species composition among coral coverage. We explore the environmental degradation in Taka Bonerate National Park impact on food resources and fishes especially for butterflyfishes community. This study focused on family Chaetodontidae with UVC method and UPT method for coral cover. This study was carried out at Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi between May and June 2019. There were 342 individuals observed and dominated by Chaetodon kleinii, Hemitaurichthys polylepis, Heniochus chrysostomus, C. lunulatus, C. melannotus, C punctatofasciatus, and Forcipiger flavissimus. However, we found a site with diversity index and coral cover has across conditions. Whilst, these benthic communities mostly dominated by Acropora, which may be preferenced by specific species. Butterflyfishes have several types of foraging tasks and may impact in utilizing the coral reef and other social habitats used. The species composition and abundance of butterflyfishes had relations not only by coral coverage but also benthic compositions. However, factors that regulate its specific species distribution and species compositions are still under study.

Declining abundance of coral reef fish in a World-Heritage-listed marine park

One of the most robust metrics for assessing the effectiveness of protected areas is the temporal trend in the abundance of the species they are designed to protect. We surveyed coral-reef fish and living hard coral in and adjacent to a sanctuary zone (SZ: where all forms of fishing are prohibited) in the World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Marine Park during a 10-year period. There were generally more individuals and greater biomass of many fish taxa (especially emperors and parrotfish) in the SZ than the adjacent recreation zone (RZ: where recreational fishing is allowed) — so log response ratios of abundance were usually positive in each year. However, despite this, there was an overall decrease in both SZ and RZ in absolute abundance of some taxa by up to 22% per year, including taxa that are explicitly targeted (emperors) by fishers and taxa that are neither targeted nor frequently captured (most wrasses and butterflyfish). A concomitant decline in the abundance (measured as percentage cover) of living hard coral of 1–7% per year is a plausible explanation for the declining abundance of butterflyfish, but declines in emperors might be more plausibly due to fishing. Our study highlights that information on temporal trends in absolute abundance is needed to assess whether the goals of protected areas are being met: in our study, patterns in absolute abundance across ten years of surveys revealed trends that simple ratios of abundance did not.

Specialist corallivores dominate butterflyfish assemblages in coral‐dominated reef habitats

This study examined the dietary habits and functional composition of butterflyfishes in the Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Eighteen species of butterflyfishes were recorded in Chagos, including six obligate corallivores (Chaetodon bennetti, Chaetodon guttatissimus, Chaetodon meyeri, Chaetodon trifascialis, Chaetodon trifasciatus and Chaetodon zanzibarensis), five facultative corallivores (Chaetodon auriga, Chaetodon falcula, Chaetodon interruptus, Chaetodon kleinii and Chaetodon madagaskariensis), two non-corallivores (Chaetodon lunula and Chaetodon xanthocephalus) and a further five species (Chaetodon citrinellus, Chaetodon lineolatus, Heimitaurichthys zoster, Heniochus monoceros and Forcipiger flavissimus), for which local dietary habits were not studied. There were marked differences in the abundance of butterflyfishes among sites and between reef zones, mostly associated with variation in abundance of scleractinian corals. Obligate coral-feeding species (mostly C. trifascialis) dominated across all sites. This study suggests that coral feeding and high levels of dietary specialization contribute to high population-level fitness among coral reef butterflyfishes. Despite being more vulnerable to habitat disturbances and coral loss, it appears likely that specialist coral-feeding butterflyfishes are also much more resilient to occasional disturbances, and therefore dominate in a wide range of coral reef habitats.

Influence of dietary specialization and resource availability on geographical variation in abundance of butterflyfish

Empirical evidence indicates that both niche breadth and resource availability are key drivers of a species’ local abundance patterns. However, most studies have considered the influence of either niche breath or resource availability in isolation, while it is the interactive effects that are likely to influence local abundance. We examined geographic variation in the feeding ecology and distribution of coral-feeding butterflyfish to determine the influence of dietary specialization and dietary resource availability on their local abundance. Dietary composition and abundance of five butterflyfish and coral dietary resource availability were determined at 45 sites across five locations (Lizard Island and Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef; Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea; Noumea, New Caledonia; and Moorea, French Polynesia). Multiple regression models using variables representative of total dietary resource availability, availability of specific dietary resources, and interspecific competition were used to determine the best predictors of local abundance across all sites and locations for each species. Factors influencing local abundance varied between butterflyfish with specialized and generalized diets. Dietary resource availability had the strongest influence on the abundance of Chaetodon trifascialis—the most specialized species. Local abundance of C. trifascialis was best predicted by availability of the Acropora corals that it preferentially feeds on. In contrast, abundance of generalist butterflyfish was poorly described by variation in availability of specific resources. Rather, indices of total dietary resource availability best predicted their abundance. Overall, multiple regression models only explained a small proportion of the variation in local abundance for all five species. Despite their relatively specialized diets, dietary resource availability has limited influence on the local abundance of butterflyfish. Only the most specialized species appear to be consistently limited by prey availability. Local and total abundance of species are influenced by a wide range of different factors and there is definite need to conduct independent species assessments.

Interspecific variation in distributions and diets of coral reef butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae)

This study examined within‐reef distributions for 19 species of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) at Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and compared spatial patterns of abundance among species with contrasting diets. Spatial variation in abundance of butterflyfishes was most prominent among physiognomic reef zones mainly due to significant zonation of eight species, including four obligate hard‐coral feeders (Chaetodon trifascialis, Chaetodon baronessa, Chaetodon plebeius and Chaetodon lunulatus) and four generalist species (Chaetodon auriga, Chaetodon citrinellus, Chaetodon kleinii and Chaetodon rafflesi). Distributions of obligate hard‐coral feeders were closely associated with spatial variation in percentage cover of scleractinian corals, but no more restricted compared with facultative hard‐coral feeders or non‐coral feeders. Species with highest dietary specialization (C. trifascialis and C. baronessa), however, exhibited the most pronounced zonation patterns and were restricted to habitats with greatest abundance of their preferred prey. While there are conspicuous links between dietary specialization v. spatial patterns in abundance of butterflyfishes, it remains unclear whether dietary specialization is the cause or consequence of more restricted distributions.

Distribution and Abundance of Butterflyfishes Along the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Distribution and Abundance of Butterflyfishes Along the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Declines in the abundance of Chaetodon butterflyfishes following extensive coral depletion

This study documented temporal variation in the abundance of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) at Trunk Reef, on the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia, from May 2000 to March 2005. During this period, live coral cover declined by >90%, mostly due to severe coral bleaching. There were no short‐term changes (within 4 months) in the abundance of butterflyfishes following initial declines in live coral cover. Surveys conducted in 2005, however, revealed significant declines in the abundance of Chaetodon baronessa, Chaetodon lunulatus, Chaetodon trifascialis, Chaetodon plebeius and Chaetodon rainfordi, all of which are obligate hard‐coral feeders. In contrast, there was no significant change in the abundance of Chaetodon auriga, Chaetodon aureofasciatus, Chaetodon citrinellus, Chaetodon melannotus or Chaetodon vagabundus, which are much less reliant on scleractinian coral for food. Clearly, extensive coral depletion, such as that caused by severe coral bleaching, can have a major effect on the abundance of butterflyfishes. Specific responses of butterflyfishes varied according to their reliance on hard corals for food and their ability to utilize alternate prey types.

The distribution patterns of Red Sea chaetodontid assemblages

1. The occurrence and abundance of butterflyfishes were investigated in northern, central and southern areas of the Eritrean Red Sea coast. Visual census was used to estimate the presence and abundance of the species along 100-metre long transects. 2. The assemblages of buttertlyfishes from the three areas differ markedly. Two species are restricted to the north, while three others occur only in the south. The central area contains six species occurring in both the south and the north. 3. The results show that the chaetodontid assemblage of the northern area is more related to the central and northern region of the Red Sea while the southern area has many species in common with the Gulf of Aden. 4. The areas, sampled, are considered to represent different biogeographic regions within the Red Sea. It has been suggested that a barrier exists in the Red Sea, which prevents dispersal between the northern and southern regions. Our results indicate that this barrier is situated in the Eritrean central area. The nature of this barrier, however, remains unclear. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Global, Regional, and Local Patterns in Species Richness and Abundance of Butterflyfishes: Reply

Global, Regional, and Local Patterns in Species Richness and Abundance of Butterflyfishes: Reply

Global, Regional, and Local Patterns in Species Richness and Abundance of Butterflyfishes: Comment

Global, Regional, and Local Patterns in Species Richness and Abundance of Butterflyfishes: Comment

GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PATTERNS IN SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLYFISHES: COMMENT

EcologyVolume 83, Issue 2 p. 583-585 Comment GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PATTERNS IN SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLYFISHES: COMMENT Ronald H. Karlson, Ronald H. KarlsonSearch for more papers by this author Ronald H. Karlson, Ronald H. KarlsonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2002 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0583:GRALPI]2.0.CO;2Citations: 5 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA. E-mail: rkarlson@udel.edu Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume83, Issue2February 2002Pages 583-585 RelatedInformation

GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PATTERNS IN SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLYFISHES: REPLY

EcologyVolume 83, Issue 2 p. 585-586 Comment GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PATTERNS IN SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLYFISHES: REPLY James S. Findley, James S. FindleySearch for more papers by this authorMuriel T. Findley, Muriel T. FindleySearch for more papers by this author James S. Findley, James S. FindleySearch for more papers by this authorMuriel T. Findley, Muriel T. FindleySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2002 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0585:GRALPI]2.0.CO;2Citations: 1 Present address: P.O. Box 44, Corrales, New Mexico 87048 USA. E-mail: jsfindley@aol.com Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume83, Issue2February 2002Pages 585-586 RelatedInformation

Global, Regional, and Local Patterns in Species Richness and Abundance of Butterflyfishes

Butterflyfish communities vary in richness longitudinally from highs of >30 species to lows of 2–3 species. We investigated this gradient because it provides an opportunity to address some basic questions relating to determinants of community structure, e.g., are richness and abundance functions of geography or of local conditions? How are richness and density of species populations related? Do community-level processes, such as competition, determine community structure? In a broader sense, to what extent are community properties internally deterministic as opposed to being functions of higher-level processes? From 1981 through 1997 we counted kinds and number of butterflyfishes on over 2000 10-min transects distributed from the eastern Caribbean to the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. We grouped transects at the same site into stations, stations in the same local area into islands, and islands into 18 geographic regions, thus organizing the data into four spatial levels. For each station, extent of live coral cover and degree of open-ocean influence were estimated. Richness is highest in the Philippine–Bornean–New Guinean region and declines radially from that center. Total number of individual butterflyfish also declines over that gradient. On more local scales, increased open-ocean exposure and live-coral cover enhance both richness and numerical abundance. Because species richness declines more rapidly with distance from the richness center than does abundance, across the same gradient average abundance per benthivore species rises. In peripheral, species-poor reaches of the Indopacific, the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the Caribbean the communities are dominated by one or a few very common species. Butterflyfishes respond to changing richness of their communities by adjusting the abundance of individual species. Use of space by individual species decreases with increasing richness. Global richness is determined chiefly by geography; within local areas local factors are more important. Community structure is predominantly organized by richness, hence first by geography and then by habitat characteristics.

Biogeography, Community Structure and Diversity of Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Butterflyfishes

Patterns of variation in the assemblage structure of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) of the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean have been compared. There is a lower number of species in the Red Sea, a high proportion of which are endemic to the region, both features that have been attributed to the relatively recent origin of the Red Sea. In the Red Sea overall mean abundance of butterflyfish is greatest in the central part, decreasing both to north and south. Several species present in the southern Red Sea are absent from the north. By contrast, most western Indian Ocean species are widely distributed within the Indo-West Pacific. Comparative field studies in the northern Red Sea (Egypt) and western Indian Ocean (Kenya) showed that mean number of species was higher in the western Indian Ocean, but mean density of butterflyfishes was higher in the Red Sea. In both areas diversity of butterflyfish was related to mean substrate diversity (the number of coral growth forms). Mean spatial niche breadth of butterflyfish species was much higher in the Red Sea than in the western Indian Ocean, whereas the extent of microhabitat use was higher in the western Indian Ocean. It is suggested that these differences may be related to the more recent evolution of the Red Sea fauna.

Large-Scale Variation in Assemblage Structure of Red Sea Butterflyfishes and Angelfishes

Patterns of distribution and variation in the structure of assemblages of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) and angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) were studied in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Fish were censused on reef-edge transects at 367 sites and species presence/absence recorded at 371 sites. Data on hard coral cover and variety were collected at most sites, and details of reef structure and zonation recorded at sixty-one. Of seven species endemic to the region, two are restricted to the central and northern Red Sea, while two species occurring in the Gulf of Aden have not colonized the Red Sea. The turbid reef-poor southern Red Sea itself, rather than the narrow Strait of Bab el Mandab, probably acts as a barrier to their further dispersal. Species richness and abundance of butterflyfishes were greatest in the central Red Sea, decreasing both to north and south. This pattern matches similar patterns in reef development, hard coral cover and coral variety. Assemblage structure was spatially consistent over large areas, but a major change in species abundance and assemblage composition occurs between the central and northern Red Sea on the one hand, and the southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden on the other. This change appears to be associated with a marked increase in turbidity and a sharp decrease in reef development and coral variety south of 20?N. While increased turbidity and the changed coral community may seem likely to influence assemblage structure through direct effects on post-settlement survivorship, recent reef fish assemblage studies have emphasized the importance of pre-settlement processes. We discuss the possible importance of preand post-settlement processes in generating the observed spatial variation of assemblages.

Distribution and Relative Abundance of Butterflyfishes and Angelfishes Across a Lagoon and Barrier Reef, Andros Island, Bahamas

Juveniles of Chaetodon capistratus, C. striatus, C. ocellatus, C. sedentarius, Pomacanthus arcuatus, P. paru, Holacanthus ciliaris, and H. tricolor occurred in the shallow lagoon habitats. Adults and subadults of these species were associated with the deeper barrier reef and seaward platform habitats. C. aculeatus occurred only on the outer seaward platform. In strip transects at a seaward platform site, C. capistratus and H. tricolor were found with significantly greater abundance than P. paru and C. striatus.