Abundance Index Values Research Articles

Diversity of Gastropods in The Mangrove Forest Area of Ujung Kulon National Park

Various kinds of reseources in coastal areas are very important for us to maintain sustainability. We can find coastal area with varios kinds of ecosystems in Ujung Kulon National Park. This study aims to determine the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest area of Ujung Kulon National Park. Sampling used the line transect method and the purposive sampling method with low tide conditions. Sampling was carried out at three stations which are divided into three transects at each station. The transect line was drawn along 50 m with each transect made 5 plots with a size 1 x 1 m2 with a distance between plots of 10 m. This research was held in May-June 2021. The data analysis includes the index values of diversity, dominance, evenness, and abundance. The results of the gastropod obtained consist of 20 species from 7 different families so that diversity index value were included in the medium category with the highest diversity index value owned by station 1 with a diversity index value of 2,03 and the lowest diversity index value owned by station 3 with a value of 1,56. The gastropod abundance index value has an average value of 273 ind/m2.

Abudance of demersal fish by longline fishing gear in Sentang Waters, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara

Demersal fish is the main catch for traditional fishermen using longline fishing gear in Sentang Beach waters located in Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. The high economic value of demersal fish is the focus of traditional fishermen to make it the main catch. This study aims to determine the composition of the catch and the abundance index of demersal fish caught by longline in the waters of Sentang Beach. The method used in this research is to use a random sampling method with the mechanism of joining fishermen to go to sea for one month every time fishermen go to sea in November 2022. The data analysis technique uses abundance index value analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the composition of demersal fish caught using longline fishing gear consisted of 5 species of fish namely Snapper (Lates calcarife), Threadfins (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), Pomfret (Pampus argenteus), Sagor catfish (Hexanematichthys sagor) and Mullet (Valamugil saheli) with the highest abundance index obtained by the mullet species. Obtained the highest relative relative abudance of fish found in Senangin species which is 100% and the lowest relative relative abudance of fish in the species of Snapper which is 1.14%.

Diversity of Butterfly Types (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Based on Altitude Variations in Sibayak II Forest, North Sumatra

Butterflies belong to the order Lepidoptera which has essential roles such as pollinating insects (pollinators), evaluating environmental quality, and indicators of habitat change. The research aims to determine the types of butterflies, diversity, relative abundance, and dominance index in the Sibayak II Forest area of North Sumatra. This research is a quantitative descriptive research by combining the cruising method and the VES method. Sampling was carried out at three altitudes 1300-1500 masl, 1500-1700 masl, and 1700-1900 masl using insect nets. The results obtained were 31 species of butterflies from 6 families, with the highest number of individuals from three heights, namely Mycalesispatiana in Sibayak II Forest, North Sumatra. The index value of butterfly species diversity in Sibayak II Forest with an average value of 2.67 is included in the medium category. The relative abundance index value of the most abundant butterfly species is the Mycalesis patiana with a discount of 34%. The overall butterfly dominance index value is 0.124. Based on the species diversity index, relative abundance and dominance index indicate environmental conditions in accordance with the life cycle and food sources as well as the distribution of host plants in Sibayak II Forest.

Abundance and diversity of reef fish species in the Core Zone of Tinabo Kecil Taka bonerate national park selayar islands

The abundance, diversity, and dominance of reef fish vary in each island cluster, resulting in different reef fish distribution. The purpose of this study was to assess the abundance, diversity, and dominance index of reef fish species in the core zone of Tinabo Kecil Island, Selayar Islands. This study used an underwater visual enumeration method approach (Underwater Visual Census). The results showed three categories of reef fish, namely indicator, target, and major fish, with 18 families, 94 species, and 817 fish individuals identified. Based on the analysis, it was found that the fish population abundance index value was 0.60 ind/m2, diversity was 4.17 (high category), and dominance was 0.02 (low category).

Diversity of plankton in the waters of sanghyang kenit Rajamandala cave, Indonesia

Sanghyang Kenit Cave is a cave that has an aquatic environment and a potential habitat for plankton. Plankton can be a bioindicator of water because of its sensitivity to the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, interrelationship factors, and linkages of plankton with the environment in the waters of Sanghyang Kenit Rajamandala Cave, West Bandung. This research was conducted from August 2021 to September 2022. The study employed a purposive sampling method, identifying three sampling zones (The Light, Twilight, and Dark zones) during morning, afternoon, and evening periods. Sampling was done by taking a sample of 10 liters and then filtering using plankton net. The Physico-chemical parameters measured included water temperature, light intensity, pH, DO, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate. Based on the results of data analysis found 4 classes with 12 plankton morphospecies. Diversity index values in the Light zone (1.10), Twilight zone (1.08), and dark zone (1.08). Abundance index value in the light zone is 2.537 cells/l, the twilight zone is 501 cells/l, and the dark zone is 29 cells/l. Diversity and plankton in the waters of Sanghyang Kenit Cave have a very strong correlation with water temperature, light intensity, and pH of water. This can be the basis for the development of further research on the management and monitoring of caves that are used as tourist attractions.KeywordsDiversityPlanktonSanghyang Kenit CaveEnvironment

Informing extinction risk: Summarizing population viability through a meta-analysis of multiple long-term monitoring programs for a declining estuarine fish species

Decisions about whether to designate a species for conservation and protection depend on the ability to summarize their population trajectories and their risk of extinction. Such decisions may rely on quantitative population viability analyses based on a time series of abundance index values that are derived from a monitoring program. In the case of the Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), a decision to protect a distinct population segment of the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act was informed by several indices of population abundance. In this paper, we combined individual population viability analyses into a single metric for extinction risk using a meta-analysis framework. Individual monitoring surveys for this species generally agreed that the trajectory of abundance was downward, but variation introduced uncertainty. Combining data from several surveys produced a better summary of the population growth rate. We also used the population growth rates in a simulation to estimate the probability that the abundance of Longfin Smelt dropped too low to recover. We found that this probability of quasi-extinction was substantial, exceeding 20 % over two decades. This study demonstrates a practical way that having multiple sources of information creates better information about the trajectory of a population. Individually, the surveys contribute information about specific life stages or ages to our understanding of the population. Combined into one metric and an associated graphical summary, this analysis succinctly communicates risk and creates a benchmark for evaluating future management decisions.

Diversity and Abundance of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Hosts in Rice Fields of Kembang Mertha Village-Bolaang Mongondow

The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in an area can provide information about the potential for controlling insect pests. This is important to do to find suitable biological control agents to reduce the impact of using synthetic pesticides. This research was conducted to look at the diversity and abundance of entomopathogenic fungi and their host insects, so that potential entomopathogenic fungal and pest species were identified in the rice fields of Kembang Mertha Village. The results obtained were four species of host insects, namely Leptocoarisa oratorius, Schotinopara coarctata, Ricelia dorsalis and Nilaparvata lugens, and three species of entomopathogenic fungi, namely Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium sp. and Hirsutella sp.. The host insect diversity indices in the medium category were S. coarctata (1.10) and N. lugens (1.04) and for entomopathogenic fungi, the three fungal species found were in the medium category respectively B. bassiana (1.31), Metarhizium sp. (1.07) and Hirsutella sp. (1.05). The highest abundance index values ​​for host insects were S. coarctata (84.62%) and N. lugens (50%), while for pathogenic fungi were Hirsutella sp. (43.73%).

Increased fishery-independent sampling effort results in improved population estimates for multiple target species

The power of fishery-independent surveys for stock assessments and management decisions is in their consistency over time and space. Although the preference is to limit change to survey execution, such changes may be necessary. In multi-species surveys, changes that improve metrics for one species may be a detriment to survey performance for others. In 2010, the Southeast Reef Fish Survey (SERFS) was formed to better address sampling needs off the U.S. Southeast Atlantic coast by intensifying a historical chevron trap survey (MARMAP), especially at the northern and southern extent of the sampling range. We used several performance metrics (encounter rate, annual coefficient of variability, standard error, and relative abundance index values) to determine the impact of this change in survey coverage on trend estimates for three commonly encountered species with varying centers of distribution in the survey region. Gray Triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) is found throughout the range of both surveys (i.e. centrally-distributed), while White Grunt (Haemulon plumierii) and Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) are centered near the northern and southern extent of the sampling range, respectively. For Gray Triggerfish, the survey intensification had no effect on encounter rate, but reduced the coefficient of variation and indicated that the historical index of relative abundance may have been overestimated. For White Grunt, the survey intensification slightly improved CV but did not affect the index of relative abundance value or encounter rate. For Red Snapper, SERFS increased encounter rates, reduced CV overall, and detected a population increase 5 years earlier than MARMAP. Overall, the intensification of the survey improved at least one performance metric for each species and showed few deleterious effects on performance, suggesting that intensification of the survey was a net-positive for the accurate estimation of population trends in several species of interest.

Raccoon abundance indexing and removal: implications for Blanding’s turtle nest success

Context Elevated mesopredator populations can pose a threat to species of conservation concern. Aims We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of raccoon removal on their abundance and on Blanding’s turtle nest success. Methods We used an index of raccoon abundance generated from camera-trap data and information on the success of Blanding’s turtle nests to compare adjacent control and raccoon-removal sites. Key results Raccoon detections were more frequent and abundance index values were higher at control sites than at the removal site. However, Blanding’s turtle nest success did not differ between control and removal sites, likely because of differences in nest location and camera proximity. Conclusions The efficacy of raccoon removal for Blanding’s turtle conservation may vary with nest habitat characteristics and can benefit from a priori knowledge of nesting areas. Implications Mesopredator removal can be beneficial to species of conservation concern, provided it occurs in areas of greatest impact.

Struktur Komunitas Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) di KHDTK Wanadipa Undip Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Wanadipa Undip is one part of the Penggaron forest that located in East Ungaran District, Semarang Regency. Part of the KHDTK Wanadipa Undip area has a variety of vegetation that has the potential as a habitat for butterflies. This study aims to analyze the community structure and identify the types of butterflies found in KHDTK Wanadipa Undip, Semarang Regency. Butterflies are one of the herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems that have several roles in the ecological and economic fields. The method used is roaming and point determination using a point count of 4 plots with a distance of 50 meters from each point and a time of ± 20 minutes. The results showed 31 types of butterflies belonging to 5 families. The highest relative abundance index value at 3 stations was found in the species Catopsilia pyranthe, while the lowest was at station 2, namely Euploea mulciber and Hypolimnas bolina species. The diversity index value is 1.43 – 3.12 which is classified as low to moderate. The evenness index value at all stations is classified as almost evenly, which is 0.74 – 0.93. The highest similarity index is found at stations 3 and 4 as well as environmental factor parameters at KHDTK Wanadipa Undip such as altitude, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity, which are sufficient for butterfly life.

Identifying Environmental Factors Limiting Recovery of an Imperiled Estuarine Fish

Correctly identifying the environmental factors that limit population growth and recovery of imperiled species is an essential element of any targeted conservation program. Abundance index values for delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), an imperiled fish in the upper San Francisco Estuary, have exhibited substantial inter-annual variation and the population is now at historically low numbers. Drawing from conceptual ecological models, we developed and applied a new multivariate analytical technique that incorporates a fundamental characteristic of limiting environmental factors– recognition that certain factors influence abundance in certain seasons or years, but they may have no influence on the species’ performance at other times. We observe that delta smelt occasionally experience years with population size increases, despite their ongoing long-term downward trajectory in numbers. The differences in environmental conditions that occur in years that prompt different population responses can provide insight into the environmental factors that limit species recovery. Nine temporally and spatially explicit covariates emerged from analyses that explain changes in inter-annual delta smelt abundance indices. We contrast those environmental factors with the factors that influence occupancy because distinguishing and focusing conservation actions on factors affecting delta smelt performance, rather than occupancy, should lead to the implementation of management and habitat-restoration actions that are more likely to benefit the fish. We think that the approach taken in this study can be a model for other species where salient data are limited and information needs are pressing.

Species diversity, abundance, and wildlife conservation status in Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Rambe IF, Rambey R, Siregar S. 2021. Species diversity, abundance, and wildlife conservation status in Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5189-5196. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world. Furthermore, the biodiversity of floral and faunal species is still being monitored and maintained, one of which is in the forest of the National Park. Batang Gadis National Park is a habitat for various species of endemic Sumatran wildlife, most of which are endangered species in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory wild animals and to calculate their abundance in the Batang Gadis National Park. The study used camera traps as recording devices that were installed on permanent and non-permanent plots based on evidential animal trajectories in the National Park Management Section Region III Resort 7 Forest of Ampung Padang Forest in 2018. In the permanent plot, 10 species were documented within nine families, namely the Felidae, Tapiridae, Cervidae, Viverridae, Ursidae, Tragulidae, Suidae, Tupaiidae, and the Cercopithecidae. The highest species abundance was Macaca nemestrina (36.17%), and the second-highest was Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann (14.89%), and then Tapirus indicus Desmarest (10,64%). Also, the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae Pocock) was in the fourth position with a value of 10.63% of species abundance. Meanwhile, the lowest abundance index value was from clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi Cuvier) with 2.12%. The abundance of species from the non-permanent plots using camera trap documented a total of 13 species with 12 families namely Felidae, Tapiridae, Cervidae, Hystricidae, Viverridae, Muridae, Phasianidae, Tragulidae, Suidae, Muscicapidae, Tupaiidae, and Cercopithecidae. The highest was documented from wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) at 42.48% and the second-highest species abundance was macaque (N. nemestrina) at 26.144%. The lowest species abundance index values were tapir (T. indicus) and Javan blue robin (Myiomela diana Lesson) with 0,33% and 0,33 %, respectively. The existence of documented wildlife species in our study affirmsed the importance of Batang Gadis National Park as a natural habitat for some key and protected species.

Effects of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter and Its Carrier Microbes on Pulmonary Microecology in Patients with COPD.

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to analyse the influence of atmospheric fine particulate matter (AFPM) and atmospheric microorganisms on the pulmonary microecology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in northeast China.MethodsCollected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COPD patients in the high-risk period (group A) and low-risk period (group B) of AFPM inhalation and samples of AFPM in the same time range (group C) were collected. DNA sample sequencing, the bacterial abundance, and diversity bioinformatics of BALFs were performed by methods of Illumina MiSeq™ platform and Mothur and Uclust.ResultsA total of 58 samples were sequenced, including 22 samples from group A, 26 samples from group B and 10 samples from group C. A total of 2,005,790 bacterial sequences and 34,256 bacterial numbers were detected. Group B had the highest bacterial diversity of the three groups. Group B also had the highest bacterial abundance index value. There were differences in the classification of bacterial colonies for the three groups at the genus level. The types of bacteria in group C were more numerous than other groups, and group B was higher than group A, which indicates that there were more bacteria in BALF during the high-risk period of AFPM inhalation. The detection rates of Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, Roche, Pushia, Chlamydia trachomatis and Brucella for group C were significantly higher than group A. The COG and KEGG databases’ difference analysis results for the bacterial gene function abundance of group A and group B were 40.7% in group A and 38.9% in group B (R=0.098, P=0.006). The human disease abundance in group A and group B was 1.16% and 1.12%, respectively (P>0.05).ConclusionThe increase in the concentration of AFPM can increase the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the BALF of stable COPD patients.Clinical Trial Registration Number2020XS04-02.

Ecological Parameters as the Basis of Bivalvia Management in the Peace Ecosystem in Ponelo District, Islands North Gorontalo District

Ponelo Islands is an important area to be developed with the economic potential of fisheries and marine resources. This research was conducted in May-September 2019 aimed to find out Ecological Parameters as the Basis of Bivalvia Management in Seagrass Ecosystems. The sampling method is done by using the method used in determining the observation point is the linear quadratic transect method with sampling bivalves determined intentionally with a systematic perpendicular direction using a transect measuring 1x1 m. All bivalves contained in transects / quadrants are counted and identified. The sampling locations were divided into 4 (four) stations, namely Station I (Otiola Village), Station II (Ponelo Village), Station III (Malambe Village), and Station IV (Tihengo Village). Observations at the study site found several types of seagrass ecosystems including Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea raotundata. Furthermore, 8 (eight) types of bivalves were found which were divided into 4 (four) stations in Ponelo Islands, namely Isognomon isognomum, Pinna muricata, Semele crenulata, Tellina virgata, Trachycardium subrugosum, Spondylus tenellus, Tapes sulcarius, Anadara pilula. The highest abundance index value is Tellina virgata found in Otiola Village with a value of 77.78%. The dominance index value for the highest is in Ponelo Village with a value of 0.88 in the high category. diversity index (D') with a value of 0.63 found in the medium category Malambe village.
 
 Keywords: Bivalvia, Seagrass, Abundance, Dominance, Diversity

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN DISTRIBUSI NYAMUK Aedes spp. DI PANTAI SENGGIGI LOMBOK BARAT

Senggigi beach is one of tourist destinations of Lombok island-West Nusa Tenggara. In addition to its beautiful scenery, Senggigi has potential problems in the health field namely Aedes spp., mosquito, which became a dengue vector. This explorative and descriptive research, has been done in June-July 2017 and aimed to observe the bioecology of Aedes spp., mosquito in Senggigi beach. Sampling was done with purposive sampling method, by collecting larvae and adult mosquito Aedes spp., at specified sampling point. The collected samples then identified. The result of the study, two species of Aedes spp., mosquitos were found, there are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Breeding habitat of Aedes spp. mosquitos were found in artificial containers. The highest density were 57.5 individuals/100 mL found in the boat habitat and the lowest density were 2 individuals/100 mL in the trash bin. The highest Relative Abundance Index value of Aedes aegypti were 100% in fish pond habitat and Aedes albopictus was 100% in three different habitats (used tire, sterofoam box and used bowl). The selection of Aedes albopictus habitat in clear and dirty water, near the yard of the house with dense vegetation rather than densely populated makes the distribution more widespread. Meanwhile, Aedes aegypti was only distributed in clear water habitats, near densely populated settlements.

Composition and abundance of Bivalves in the intertidal zone, Karang Papak Coastal, West Java, Indonesia: Based on lunar phase

This study aims to determine the types and abundance of Bivalves in the Intertidal Zone, Karang Papak Beach, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in November 2018. The method of sampling used line transects (line transects) systematically using a 1 x 1 meter quadrant. All types of bivalves found in the quadrant are calculated and identified. The results showed that there were 2 types of bivalves found in the study sites, namely M. micropterus and M. arenaria. The calculation results of the abundance index value indicate that between stations have different values. Abundance based on the moon phase shows that the highest abundance in both species is found in the dark moon phase, this is related to environmental conditions such as the influence of light and the availability of food resources. This data can be used as additional information in determining the management of aquatic resources in that location.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU DI KAWASAN KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN (KPH) DESA TIGA BERKAT KECAMATAN LUMAR KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG

Diversity of butterfly species can develop well if in the habitat there are factors that support its population. Protected areas have a higher diversity of butterfly species than those land use conservation area. Beside taking forest product in term of wood or non woody materials, Forest Managemen Unit also provide environmental service such as Clean Water Shelter (PDAM) and Madi Dam. The location of the Madi Dam and Clean Water Shelter are the location that utilized by the communities, this area also have a high diversity of butterfly. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the diversity of butterflies in the Forest Management Unit in the village of Tiga Berkat lumar sub-district Bengkayang regency. The method used in this research is the transect method. Direct sampling with insect nets is carried out on the transect line. The butterfly found were 28 species with 153 individuals from 4 families are Papilionidae (6 species), Nymphalidae (14 species), Pieridae (6 species) and Lycaenidae (2 species). Diversity index value is 2,98, abundance index value is 0,89, riches index value is 5,36, dominance index value is 2,14, species similarity index value is 72,72 %.Keywords : Diversity, Butterfly, Forest Management Units

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU PADA LIMA TIPE HUTAN DI AREAL PT. HUTAN KETAPANG INDUSTRI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Butterflies are species of insect found in all types of habitats. Butterflies can be used as bio-indicators of environmental change because butterflies are very sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this study to obtain data the diversity of butterfly species in several habitat types in the PT.Hutan Ketapang Industri. This study used observation method with a sweeping that is using insect nets and researchers are free to explore the area randomly for a specified time. This research was conducted in 5 Habitats, kerangas forest, peat swamp, lowland dipterocarps, riparian and wetlands. Five forest types are selected based on the density and diversity of forest vegetation. The results found 14 species with a total of 316 individuals. Based on the calculation of species diversity index of butterflies in five locations of 2.54212, shows that the diversity is classified as moderate and has an abundance index value of 0.963289 indicates that the abundance is classified as high. Then obtained a value of species wealth index of 2.75651 is classified as moderate and has a value of dominance index of 0.0868651 indicates that there is no dominant typeKeywords: butterfly, diversity, indicator habitat, bioindicator

Evaluating effects of rescaling and weighting data on habitat suitability modeling

Abundance index (AI), used to establish the suitability index (SI), provides critical information in habitat suitability index (HSI) modeling. The distributions of AIs derived from fisheries-independent surveys tend to be right skewed because of heterogenous distributions of fishes. The existence of large AI values and failure to consider it might result in underestimation of HSI values for most sampling areas. We compared the performance of HSI models based on original AIs (without any transformation) versus rescaled AIs (i.e., log-transformed AIs) using American lobster (Homarus americanus) along the coast of Gulf of Maine as an example. Impacts of weighting environmental variables on HSI modeling based on boosted regression tree (BRT) were also evaluated. Both cross-validation and predicted habitat suitability maps suggested that the weighted HSI model based on log-scaled AI data tended to yield a more reliable prediction of optimal habitats for American lobster. The unweighted HSI model based on the original AI data, however, tended to underestimate optimal habitats and overestimate suboptimal habitats. We recommend using log-transformed AIs and determining the weights of different environmental variables based on the BRT method in HSI modeling, especially when AI data are highly skewed.

Effect of decreased fishing effort off Fukushima on abundance of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using an age‐structured population model incorporating seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations

AbstractOff Fukushima, Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a highly‐valued species supporting coastal and offshore fisheries. We developed an age‐structured population model incorporating seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations to estimate and predict the abundance of Japanese flounder off Fukushima, where fishing has been restricted since the 2011 Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. We estimated the abundance of Japanese flounder using catch per unit effort from coastal gill net and offshore bottom trawl fishing from January 2000 to February 2011 and predicted the abundance under two different fishing effort scenarios (the same effort level as 2010 or decreased effort after the FNPP accident). Estimated abundance reflected the seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations well, and it was estimated that abundance increased during and after 2007 because of high recruitments. In contrast, it was concluded that the predicted abundance on and after 2012 increased owing to the decreased fishing effort because the same estimated recruits were used in both scenarios. This indicates that the waters off Fukushima have effectively been serving as a marine protected area for Japanese flounder since the FNPP accident. This result was validated because almost all (83%) of the observed abundance index values calculated from a scientific bottom trawl survey during 2003–2014 were included within the estimated (predicted) 95% credible intervals of estimated (predicted) abundance index in the period. We also demonstrated the model's applicability for estimating the optimal fishing effort and age at first landing to maximize the earnings from gillnet and bottom trawl fisheries.