Region Of Abu Dhabi Research Articles

Predicting Real Estate Prices Using Machine Learning in Abu Dhabi

Traditionally, real estate prices were determined based on demand and supply. As the real estate market was unregulated and underdeveloped, brokers and real estate builders had an upper hand in determining the unit prices of residential houses in Abu Dhabi. A pricing gap was eventually noticed. This was a challenge. There is a delay in updating the real estate websites and portal information. Therefore, the need for accurate forecasting of prices has become urgent. With a variety of use case scenarios for machine learning concepts, this paper is dedicated to using the concepts of machine learning to predict the real estate prices of Aldar in the Abu Dhabi region, which comprises 511 residential units, 15 retail shops, and one community center. Decision tree, random forest, support vector machines, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithms were used to identify which one is better for forecasting these real estate prices. Comparing the generated models, the random forest is the best-performing model, followed by support vector regression, and the decision tree model is the least-performing model.

Identifying the Level of Teacher's Maturity in the Impactful Technology Use (ITU) in Abu Dhabi Public Schools

The effectiveness of using educational technology in the education system, especially in math and science, has been the subject of many research projects due to its importance. However, it is clear that in many classrooms, teachers lack maturity in using technology effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the level of Impactful Technology Use (ITU) among science and math teachers in public schools in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi. A mixed-methods approach was used, specifically a concurrent triangulation design, with a sample of 89 science and math teachers selected through purposive sampling. The data collected included teacher questionnaires, lesson observation rubrics, teacher interviews, and class observations. The findings demonstrate a high level of maturity among teachers in their use of technology, as evidenced by their ability to meet the six conditions of ITU. This success can be attributed to the support and professional development provided by the Ministry of Education and other organizations. The research proposes a rubric framework for enhancing and measuring ITU, which can be utilized by education professionals to effectively incorporate technology and improve student learning outcomes. This study holds significant implications for teachers, school leadership teams, and educational governing bodies as it promotes a better understanding of how to achieve impactful use of educational technology. The researcher concludes that higher levels of teacher maturity are crucial in creating the necessary conditions for ITU and recommends further research to test and apply the findings to other subject areas.

Monitoring Pediatric Head CT Scan Dose Levels: A Retrospective Study of Diagnostic Reference Levels in a Single Hospital in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are critical operational standards for monitoring radiological imaging parameters and ensuring patient safety in hospitals. A regular review of DRLs is necessary to optimize scanners and protocol parameters. This retrospective study collected data on the CT dose index volume and dose–length product for 250 children who underwent head CT scans in the region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Descriptive statistics were used to present median, range, and interquartile range values for each pediatric age group, based on region and protocol. The 75th percentile was used as the reference point for local DRLs. Proposed values of DRLs were suggested per age groups; 304 mGy∙cm (children < 1 year), 385 mGy∙cm (children ≥ 1 year to <5 years), 441 mGy∙cm (children ≥ 5 years to <10 years), and 568 mGy∙cm (patients ≥ 10 years to <16 years. A comparison of the local DRLs with previously established ones was carried out, and differences were discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on pediatric head CT scans in this region. We believe the results can be used as a baseline for establishing local DRLs in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and national DRLs in the United Arab Emirates.

A study of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) periodicity over the United Arab Emirates using wavelet analysis

NO2 and nitric oxide (NO) are the most reactive gases in the atmosphere. The interaction of NOx molecules with oxygen, water and other chemicals leads to the formation of acid rain. The presence of NO2 in the air affects human health and forms a photochemical smog. In this study, we utilize wavelet analysis, namely, the Morlet wavelet, which is a type of continuous wavelet transform, to conduct a spectral analysis of the periodicity of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The study is conducted using data from 14 weather stations located in diverse geographic areas of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over a period of two years (2019 and 2020). We explain and relate the significance of human activities to the concentration level of NO2, particularly considering the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown to the periodicity of NO2. The results show that NO2 concentrations in desert areas such as Liwa and Al Quaa were unaffected by the lockdown period (April–July 2020) resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The other stations in the urban areas of Abu Dhabi city, Al Dhafra and Al Ain, showed a reduction in NO2 during the lockdown. NO2 is more highly concentrated during winter seasons than during other seasons. The periodicity of NO2 lasted from a few days up to 16 days in most regions. However, some stations located in the Al Dhafra region, such as Al Ruwais and the Gayathi School stations, exhibited a longer period of more than 32 days with a 0.05 significance test. In the Abu Dhabi region, NO2 lasted between 64 and 128 days at the Al Mafraq station. The correlation between the NO2 concentration across several ground stations was studied using wavelet coherence.

Modeling aquifer storage and recovery in the eastern district of the United Arab Emirates using MODFLOW

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has relied on groundwater as a source of fresh water for several decades, which has resulted in the deterioration of non-renewable groundwater aquifers. This has led to the installation of desalination plants for fresh water supply. This research aims to increase strategic water reserves in the eastern district of Abu Dhabi by analyzing the best locations for aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). The ASR technology offers an opportunity to store large volumes of water for later beneficial use. This study explores an option of using excess desalination water for ASR recharge in the eastern district Al Ain region of Abu Dhabi. A limiting factor in the application of the ASR technology is the lack of suitable sites. Detailed hydrogeological and operational knowledge of the studied areas helped in identifying potential sites for ASR based on a scoring system. Determining best locations for managed aquifer recharge is a crucial design step. Five scenarios were studied at Al-Khrair and Al-Shuwaib sites in Al Ain region. Results show that a wider distribution of injection wells with intervals more than 1200 m is more suitable to overcome the excessive head buildup. Based on the adopted criteria, Al-Khrair was the best site for recharge followed by Al-Shuwaib. Al-Khrair site can be recharged at 64,000 m3 d−1 for seven years, while Al-Shuwaib site can be recharged at 64,000 m3 d−1 for only two years.

Rapid Site Selection to Prioritize Coastal Seascapes for Nature-Based Solutions With Multiple Benefits

Coastal seascapes are productive and diverse land-sea systems that provide many valuable benefits yet are increasingly threatened by human activity. Scaling up of nature-based solutions (NbS) to effectively protect, sustainably manage, and restore coastal seascapes is urgently required for mitigation of climate change and biodiversity loss while also providing socio-economic benefits. Evidence-based site selection is an important first step to improve the outcomes and avoid negative impacts when prioritizing NbS investments at national level. We developed a spatially explicit, integrative and culturally relevant ecosystem-based site selection process to identify a portfolio of seascapes for NbS consideration in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The primary goal was to rank planning units based on potential for climate change mitigation action, positive impact to biodiversity and socio-economic benefits to people. The multi-criteria site-selection framework provided a rapid, transparent, repeatable and scalable tool. The highest weightings were assigned to blue carbon storage value, biodiversity conservation features, and local stakeholder preferred areas. Spatial proxies for benefits to people were represented by population density and accessibility to coastal seascapes, relative tourism and recreation potential, and importance of fish habitat and fishing grounds for food security. Participatory mapping of local knowledge and review of existing data ensured that both qualitative and quantitative criteria were reliable, up-to-date and locally relevant. Two distinct clusters of high suitability planning units were identified in the Abu Dhabi region and four along the north-western coast of the UAE. Most high suitability sites were located outside of existing marine protected areas. Alternative spatial scenarios without stakeholder bias underscored the suitability of sites identified through participatory mapping and highlighted additional priority sites for future scaling-up of NbS. A spatial corridor of medium and high suitability planning units across the region offers potential for designing well-connected NbS investments to accelerate and boost synergistic outcomes and increase resilience. The site selection framework provides a rapid tool that integrates local and global open access data at a range of scales with great potential for transferability to other regions worldwide.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Evidence for the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is limited. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the UAE. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar using prespecified medical subject handling (MeSH) terms and text words to identify the relevant published articles from 1 January 1995 to 31 August 2021. Population-based prospective observational studies conducted among healthy adult subjects living in the UAE and that defined hypertension using the guidelines-recommended blood pressure (BP) cut-offs ≥ 130/80 mmHg or ≥ 140/90 mmHg were considered. Results: Of 1038 studies, fifteen cross-sectional studies were included for data extraction involving 139,907 adults with a sample size ranging from 74 to 50,138 and with cases defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27–36), and a higher prevalence was observed in Dubai (37%, 95% CI: 28–45) than in the Abu Dhabi region (29%, 95% CI: 24–35) and in multicenter studies (24%, 95% CI: 14–33). The level of awareness was only 29% (95% CI: 17–42), 31% (95% CI: 18–44) for treatment, and 38% (95% CI: 19–57) had controlled BP (< 140/90 mmHg). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension with low awareness and suboptimal control of hypertension. Multifaceted approaches that include the systematic measurement of BP, raising awareness, and improving hypertension diagnoses and treatments are needed.

Variation in Utilisation of NICU Across Tertiary Care Centers in Alain Region of Abudhabi, UAE: A Review

Variation in Utilisation of NICU Across Tertiary Care Centers in Alain Region of Abudhabi, UAE: A Review

Chest CT performance and features of COVID-19 in the region of Abu Dhabi, UAE: a single institute study.

ObjectiveWe aim to investigate high-resolution CT features of COVID-19 infection in Abu Dhabi, UAE, and to compare the diagnostic performance of CT scan with RT-PCR test.MethodsData of consecutive patients who were suspected to have COVID-19 infection and presented to our hospital were collected from March 2, 2020, until April 12, 2020. All patients underwent RT-PCR test; out of which 53.8% had chest CT scan done. Using RT-PCR as a standard reference, the sensitivity and specificity of the CT scan were calculated. We also analyzed the most common imaging findings in patients with positive RT-PCR results.ResultsThe typical HRCT findings were seen in 50 scans (65.8%) out of total positive ones; 44 (77.2%) with positive RT-PCR results and 6 (31.6%) with negative results. The peripheral disease distribution was seen in 86%, multilobe involvement in 70%, bilateral in 82%, and posterior in 82% of the 50 scans. The ground glass opacities were seen in 50/74 (89.3%) of the positive RT-PCR group. The recognized GGO patterns in these scans were: rounded 50%, linear 38%, and crazy-paving 24%. Using RT-PCR as a standard of reference, chest HRCT scan revealed a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 70%.ConclusionThe commonest HRCT findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were peripheral, posterior, bilateral, multilobe rounded ground-glass opacities. The performance of HRCT scan can vary depending on multiple factors.

Comparative study of chemical composition of the halophyte species native to the Persian (Arabian) gulf

Extensive comparative characterization was performed to explore halophytes native to the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. Ten species collected from the Western region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were analyzed for their lignocellulosic components as well as for ash and extractives content. It was found that the species significantly differ in the content of carbohydrates, lignin, total ash-free extractives and total ash. The total ash content was found to negatively influence the content of carbohydrates. Based on the characteristics, it is concluded that Cornulaca aucheri is the most attractive as a source of carbohydrates, and Tetraena (Zygophyllum) qatarensis has the potential to produce the highest yield of the extractives fraction.

Investigating the Relationship Between Total Quality Management and Primary School Academic Performance with Innovation as a Mediator Using SEM

This study aims to examine the relationship between TQM (TQM) and primary school academic performance in Abu Dhabi with innovation as a mediator using SEM. A quantitative research design was utilized. A total of 342 teachers were chosen as a sample through quota and simple sampling technique. Data analysis using structural equation modeling was used. The results revealed that there was significant relationship between TQM and primary school academic performance was -0.50; significant relationship found between TQM and innovation. The further found that significant relationship was exist between innovation and primary school academic performance was 0.1.51 while TQM has significant relationship with innovation with .92. The result also found that innovation mediate on the relationship between TQM and primary school academic performance with partial mediation. It is hope of this study that TQM would be used by schools in Abu Dhabi region to improve primary schools’ academic performance. The implication of this study suggested that TQM should be internalize and use it to improve primary school academic performance in Abu Dhabi. However, a further investigation should be examining into the role the TQM play on primary school academic performance.

Nuclear Power Plants Pre-operational Radiological Monitoring Mapping for the Coastal Boarders and Islands of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

In the light of the peaceful nuclear power plants (NPPs) project of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the operation license has been issued and the first unit is being in commercial operation. This work deals mainly with radiological surveillance of the coastal boarder and some Islands of UAE as a baseline reference natural and artificial radioactivity mapping. Ultra-sensitive hyper pure Germanium (HpGe) detector was used to carry out the non-destructive gamma measurements. The area of study was divided into; Abu Dhabi region, northern emirates and islands. About 85 soils, shore sediment and water samples were collected based on the scientific sampling mechanism. The samples were analyzed for X-ray diffraction mineralogy (XRD). The radioactivity in Bq/kg of the natural 238U(226Ra), 232Th and 40K were calculated for all the collected samples. The artificial 137Cs was also observed in very low activity. The hazard indices were also calculated and found to be less than the recommended international and regional limits. The correlations between the measured radioisotopes were also depicted. The results were compared, presented and given in 3D histograms.

Molecular Investigation on Tick-Borne Hemoparasites and Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelusdromedarius) in Al Dhafra Region of Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Simple SummaryDromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), or Arabian camels, are mainly widespread in arid regions from the east of Asia to the north of Africa. Many species of parasites/arthropods affect camels, including ticks, able to transmit pathogens to animals and humans. Authors investigated the presence of blood parasites in n = 93 camels with acute clinical signs and in n = 72 ticks collected from these camels in Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, United Arabian Emirates, through molecular techniques. All the 72 ticks collected were identified as Hyalomma dromedarii species and were found negative for pathogen DNA. DNA investigations on camel blood samples showed a positivity for tick-transmitted pathogens in 15 heads (16.1%): 15 Anaplasma phagocytophilum (11.8%), Coxiella burnetii (3.2%), and Babesia/Theileria spp. (2.1%). Coinfection of A. phagocytophiulm and C. burnetii was detected in a camel. C. burnetii sequences from our samples showed a high phylogenetic relatedness to strains from Europe, Africa, and Asia. The study represents the first molecular investigation on tick-borne pathogens in camels from United Arabian Emirates, and it highlights the possible risk of infection for humans working in close contact with camels.Camels represent an important resource for inhabitants of the most arid regions of the world and their survival is mainly related to environment conditions including the risk of parasitic diseases, which may represent a significant cause of losses in livestock production of these areas. Camels may be parasitized by several hematophagous arthropods, which can be vectors of several diseases including zoonosis. This study aimed to investigate in dromedary camels and their ticks the importance of tick-borne hemoparasites that might be responsible for a recent and obscure morbidity of camels in Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Blood samples and ticks from 93 naturally infected camels belonging to 36 herds, affected by variable acute clinical syndromes lasting from 3 to 5 days, were analyzed through molecular techniques for specific DNA presence of different blood pathogens: Anaplasma marginale/Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. DNA. All the 72 ticks collected belonged to the Hyalomma dromedarii species and were negative for blood pathogens. n = 15 camels (16.1%) were found positive to the following tick-borne hemoparasites: A. phagocytophilum 11 (11.8%), Coxiella burnetii 3 (3.2%), and Babesia/Theileria spp. 2 (2.1%). One singular camel showed coinfection of C. burnetii and A. phagocytophiulm. Genetic profile of C. burnetii showed a high phylogenetic relatedness to European, Asian and African C. burnetii strains. This is the first laboratory investigation on tick-borne pathogens in camels in UAE, and the first report of A. phagocytophilum and C. burnetii. Moreover, since the detected pathogens are recognized pathogens for humans, this study highlights the zoonotic risk for humans working in camel husbandry.

Risk management in community pharmacy practice in Abu Dhabi Region: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Pharmacy risk factors impose a major threat to general healthcare outcomes. Risks that can directly affect patients are known as clinical risk factors, and other, non-clinical risk factors may also affect a pharmacist's performance and pharmaceutical profession. This study aims to evaluate the risks, which occur in community pharmacies in Abu Dhabi, and to investigate the protective plans followed in such incidence. Methods A self-administrated online questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists in Abu Dhabi. The questionnaire items were tested by content and face validity in a panel of experts and pilot study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used for the data analysis. Key findings Medication errors and computer system malfunction occur monthly, as reported by 40% of the participants (n = 131). Theft cases were reported by 37.6% (n = 121) of the pharmacists. Violence was categorized as verbal, psychological and physical abuse, and the frequency was 56.8% (n = 183), 30.4% (n = 98) and 14.3% (n = 46) respectively. Almost all the participants belief that communication skills, alertness and experience are the most important internal factors affecting performance. Environmental factors such as the availability of restrooms were cited as important external factors enhancing performance. Chain pharmacies were found to address electrical failure and dealing with look-alike sound-alike/high-alert medication efficiently. Conclusions Different types of clinical and non-clinical risk in pharmacy practice were identified, and risk mitigation techniques were proposed. A positive attitude of community pharmacists was observed towards identifies risks and on the suggested mitigation techniques. It is necessary to publish a universally referenced validated risk factor list for evaluating current risk management plans to maintain safe pharmacy practices and include management courses within pharmacy curriculum.

Serological evidence of enzootic bovine leukosis in the periurban dairy cattle production system of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

The serostatus of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) was determined at three dairy farms and the Al Ain Livestock Market (AALM), within the Al Ain region of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Of the 957 bovine sera tested by ELISA, 657 were from Holstein-Friesians from three dairy farms, and 300 from Bos indicus cattle at AALM. The chi-square homogeneity test (CSHT) and the Marascuilo multiple comparison procedure (MMCP) assessed the level of significance between the proportions of EBL-seropositive cattle (ESPC) across the study farms and AALM, and between the age groups at farms 1 and 3. Overall, the proportion of ESPC was 25.7% at dairy farms and AALM, 37.0% for farms and 1.0% for AALM. Furthermore, the proportions of ESPC at farms 1, 2 and 3 were 54.7%, 0.0% and 26.3% respectively, and statistically significant differences were seen across the farm/farm and farm/AALM comparisons, and between two age groups at farms 1 and 3. The 37-72-month-old age group showed the highest proportion of ESPC. This is the first serological evidence of EBL in the UAE. As previously reported, the ESPC are comparatively higher in dairy than Bos indicus cattle. Molecular and more extensive serological studies are needed to further corroborate the present data. Meanwhile, the UAE veterinary authorities will need to formulate national EBL control policies.

The Relationship Between TQM Practices and Primary School Academic Performance in Abu Dhabi: Innovation as a Mediator

The main purpose of this study was to examine total quality management practices and primary school academic performance in Abu Dhabi: innovation as a mediator. A quantitative research design was utilized. A total of 342 teachers will be chosen as a sample through a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using structural equation modelling will be used. There will be significant relationship between total quality management practices and primary school academic performance; total quality management practices and innovation; innovation and primary school academic performance; significant contribution of mediating role of innovation on the association between total quality management practices and primary school academic performance; significant contribution of mediating role of innovation on the association between total quality management practices and primary school academic performance and significant role of innovation dimensions on the primary school academic performance. Presentation of data analysis and discussion of findings will be given after the completion of chapter four and five. It is hope of this study that TQM practices will be used by schools in Abu Dhabi region to improve primary school’s academic performance.

Performance and Optimization of Commercial Solar PV and PTC Plants

Installation of solar PV arrays at utility scale is gaining popularity nowadays because of the significant reduction in the cost of components as well as the global push towards clean energy. Solar PV plants along with Parabolic Trough Collector Solar thermal plants has the highest potential among the available Renewable Energy (RE) technologies existing in the world. The objective of this paper is to optimize the performance of commercial Solar PV and PTC power plant for a potential location and hence to arrive on a most feasible configuration for the site. A representative site located in the Abudhabi region of UAE considered for the study. This paper also details on the annual performance of the proposed plant along with its technical aspects. PVSYST 6.7.7 and SAM software is used to design the optimal size and its specifications of a 100MW PV grid connected system at Abu Dhabi (UAE) region. The design and arrangements of the system verified using simulation results. The annual energy generated from the designed utility-scale solar PV plant from PVSYST 6.7.7 calculated as 161198MWh/year with a performance ratio (PR) of 74.8% per year where as for PTC it has calculated as 157152MWh/year by using SAM. The STC (Standard Testing Condition) for the specification of PV modules are normalized operating conditions when testing the module. Design parameters such as module orientation, array yield, reference yield, final yield, global horizontal irradiation (GHI), and ambient temperature and loss factors evaluated. To evaluate the economic feasibility of proposed plant, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is determined as $0.04404/kwh for Solar PV and as $0.01533/kwh for PTC, which is used to calculate lifecycle cost and energy production.

Exposure to and Circulation of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Peridomestic Wild Birds in the United Arab Emirates

Avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses (AIV, NDV) are major pathogens of captive and wild birds worldwide. Wetlands and their associated bird communities, especially waterfowl and shorebirds, are known to play a central role in the epidemiology of these diseases as maintenance hosts. However, these viruses also circulate in places where these ecosystems and communities are uncommon, suggesting the involvement of other taxa in their epidemiological cycles. In the arid region of Abu Dhabi of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), both viruses are regularly detected, and represent a threat for local poultry and for the Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii) conservation breeding programs. To assess the presence, transmission, and maintenance of these viruses in such environments, 4,521 individuals from six resident and peridomestic wild bird species were sampled in the vicinity of two Houbara Bustard conservation breeding centers, and tested for AIV and NDV using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A limited exposure to AIV was reflected in a virus prevalence below 0.4% and a serologic prevalence of 0.6%, and a moderate circulation of NDV was indicated by a virus prevalence of 0.9% and a serologic prevalence of 18.9% in the targeted peridomestic wild birds, suggesting different epidemiological roles for each taxa. Thus, some peridomestic species could actively participate in the epidemiological cycle of NDV in arid environments such as the UAE, challenging the conceptual epidemiologic framework centered on the involvement of waterfowl and shorebirds.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Abu Dhabi Region

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Abu Dhabi Region

The impact of replacing groundwater by treated sewage effluent on the irrigation requirements of Al Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) and Al Sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi) forests in the hyper-arid deserts of Abu Dhabi

The arid forests of Abu Dhabi are valuable but they require irrigating. Currently groundwater (GW) is the source of this water, but these subterranean reserves are being over-exploited. Law No 5 of 2016 on the regulation of GW has been passed by the Government of Abu Dhabi to reduce GW abstraction. Abu Dhabi has a supply of tertiary-treated sewage effluent (TSE) that could be used as an alternative for irrigation. We set up experiments near Madinat Zayed in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi on two arid-forest species: Al Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) and Al Sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi). The trees were planted at 8 m x 8 m spacing. The TSE is significantly ‘sweeter’ than GW, as its electrical conductivity is < 1 dS m−1, whereas GW is 8–10 dS m−1. The GW in this region is very high in nitrates (38.4 ± 9.2 mg-NO3 L−1), and this was not significantly different from the TSE (53.7 ± 11.8 mg-NO3 L−1). We monitored the actual tree water-use (ETc, L h−1) via heat-pulse devices in both the GW and TSE-irrigated trees. We quantified the differences in the ETc patterns for both the GW and TSE-irrigated trees of both species over 3 years. Both species showed positive growth-responses to TSE, relative to the GW, and we consider this to be due to the lower electrical conductivity of the TSE water. Because of this growth response the ETc of the TSE by the Ghaf trees was, on annual average 17% higher than GW, and for the Sidr it was 39%. Our results were corroborated by leaf conductance and leaf-area inferences. But for TSE there is no need for a salt-leaching fraction. Furthermore, to achieve the same tree-health outcome as with the GW, even less TSE need be applied. Irrigation requirements for TSE were at least 25% less than for GW.