AbstractThe Title Research Articles

The crystal and molecular structure of 1-ferrocenyl-3,3-bis(methylthio)prop-2-en-1-one

Abstract The title compound 1-ferrocenyl-3,3-bis(methylthio)prop-2-en-1-one (1), a key intermediate in the synthesis of ferrocene-containing heterocycles, has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with 8 molecules in the unit cell. Unit cell parameters are 12.8159(10), 10.8121(9), and 20.8411(16) Å for a, b and c, respectively with β = 98.985(4)°. There are two distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit (A and B). Both molecules display a nearly eclipsed conformation with respect to the individual intramolecular cyclopentadienyl units in addition to close intramolecular contacts between the carbonyl O atom and one S atom of the bis-methylthiol functionality. Close intermolecular contacts involving A and B are noted with respect to S⋯H interactions between a thiol-S and the substituted Cp group in addition to C=O∙∙∙HC= interactions with the ene-moiety and a H atom located on one of the thiomethyl groups.

The Obliteration of Publisher Identity

Abstract The title of this paper is taken from a chapter in Roberto Calasso’s The Art of the Publisher, in which the Italian publisher and writer notes a historical shift in contemporary publishing away from publishing as ‘form’, supposedly a publishing innovation of the first decade of the 20th century. Since Calasso never elaborated on his notion of publishing as form, this paper attempts to sketch the most important facets of this notion, embed it in the context of publishing theory, and suggest that it bears considerable similarities to auteur theory in cinema. After identifying three layers of publishing form, the author analyses how recent developments in contemporary publishing might relate to Calasso’s concern about the blurring of distinctions between publishers.

Zur Kenntnis ternärer Oxoarsenate(III) dreiwertiger Lanthanoide: Synthese und Charakterisierung von LnAsO3- und Ln 2As4O9-Vertretern mit Ln = La und Ce sowie Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm–Gd

Abstract The title compounds have been prepared from the elemental lanthanoids and arsenic sesquioxide in 1:1 and 2:3 molar ratios in the presence of a cesium-halide flux at temperatures near 1000 °C generating elemental arsenic as the by-product. With the preparation of B-type La[AsO3] crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the lattice parameters a = 904.03(8), b = 789.96(7), c = 837.49(7) pm and β = 103.354(3)°, both A- and B-type Ln[AsO3] representatives are now available for lanthanum and cerium. The crystal structure consists of two crystallographically distinct Ln 3+ cations with eight- or ninefold coordination by O2− anions. The Ln 3+ cations are arranged in layers of (Ln1)3+ and corrugated bilayers of (Ln2)3+ cations in the (100) plane. The two different As3+ cations appear in [AsO3]3− units, which differ mainly in their environment of Ln 3+ cations. The successful synthesis of the compounds Ln 2As4O9 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Eu and Gd) reported here on the one hand closes the structural gap between cerium and neodymium, and on the other hand also extends the spectrum of ternary oxoarsenates(III) of lanthanoids to gadolinium, with the neodymium compound for the first time at standard temperature. The crystals of the Ln 2As4O9 compounds are triclinic (space group: P 1 ‾ $P\overline{1}$ ) with lattice parameters nicely reflecting the lanthanoid contraction from a = 690.61(5), b = 768.95(6), c = 959.72(8) pm, α = 96.927(3), β = 103.812(3), γ = 104.441(3)° for Pr2As4O9 to a = 676.12(5), b = 751.58(6), c = 951.57(8) pm, α = 96.462(3), β = 103.678(3), γ = 104.409(3)° for Gd2As4O9 with two crystallographically independent lanthanoid(III) positions. The oxidic environments on these sites show the shape of square antiprisms with significant distortions, but (Ln2)3+ has a ninth oxygen contact in a capped antiprism. The linkage of the polyhedra creates layers in the ab plane, which are separated by the complex anions of arsenic. The oxoarsenate(III) units [AsO3]3− are linked by sharing oxygen corners to form both dinuclear [As2O5]4− and cyclic tetranuclear [As4O8]4− complex anions, which is why the compounds can also be represented with their structured molecular formula Ln 4[As2O5]2[As4O8]. The free electron pairs of the arsenic(III) cations point into channels, which are built up in the crystal structure along [010].

Institute of Euthanasia: Between a Person’s Right to Life and the Right to a Dignified Death: Problems and Challenges in the Implementation of Human Rights of Choice in Lithuania

Abstract The title of the scientific article is the problem of euthanasia as a possibility for the implementation of natural human rights in Lithuania and foreign countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the individual’s right to life and the prohibition of torture in the implementation of euthanasia as one of the natural human rights in Lithuania and foreign countries. This work has theological and comparative methods. The theological method, which leads to the first part of the work, analyzing international and national legal acts regulating natural human rights. The comparative method compares the legal regulations and social differences between countries that have legalized and those that have not legalized euthanasia. The main conclusion of the article - the legalization of euthanasia is one of the possibilities to implement the prohibition of torture in the context of natural human rights. The practical significance of this scientific article is particularly important for states that have not legalized euthanasia, because the main conclusion of this article is proving the obligation of states to legalize euthanasia in order to provide suitable conditions for the realization of natural human rights. The originality of this scientific article is based on the fact that the compatibility of euthanasia in the context of human rights and freedoms and the equating of the illegalization of euthanasia to torture at the national and international level have not been analyzed in any scientific articles. The value of the article is proven by the fact that the authors used only the latest scientific editions of national and international legal acts and the latest and most comprehensive literature.

“All That He Seen Burnt a Hole in His Brain”

Abstract The title of this playlist comes from the chorus of Armand Hammer's “Rehearse with Ornette,” wherein billy woods repeats, “All that he seen burnt a hole in his brain/only came back to tell ’em bout them fucking flames.” This idea of a mind swallowed in shock, bellowing out its truth, is a deeply disturbing image and a generative point of entry into the psychic terror of black being in the afterlife of slavery. Thus the tracks in this playlist explore the impressionistic and visceral qualities of the Afro-Gothic mindset through songs that lyrically and sonically express themes of faith and grief as part of the soundtrack to everyday black life.

“Brexit from the Campus”: Jonathan Coe’s Middle England

Abstract The title of my article bears a double meaning. On the one hand, it refers to a group of Conservative politicians around Boris Johnson who studied at Oxford University in the eighties and who are identified in Jonathan Coe’s novel as the engineers behind the Brexit; on the other hand, Coe’s novel portrays a fictional group of scholars who are more or less frustrated and dissatisfied with the university for various reasons and turn their backs on academia to find their luck elsewhere. In the first case, Oxford colleges such as Balliol where people are nostalgically hankering after England’s glorious past and dream of regaining England’s former glory, play a role as seedbed of Brexit; in the second case, we are dealing with a more private ‘exit’ of a group of talented academicians who no longer believe in the university as a place of self-realization. While nostalgia is a driving force of the first group, the second has a clear-eyed view of the growing hostility of their environment. Historically speaking, the existence of nostalgia here and the lack of nostalgia there are two sides of the same medal: they point to the heritage of the Thatcher era and the deep-reaching ‘reformation’ of British society whose effects can still be felt today. They also point to loss: the loss of social consensus in the first case, and the loss of what the university and a university career once stood for.

Structure and properties of two new heteroleptic bismuth(III) dithiocabamates of the general composition Bi(S2CNH2)2X (X = Cl, SCN)

Abstract The title compounds were prepared by precipitation from acidic solutions of the reactants in acetone/water. Bi(S2CNH2)2Cl (1) crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric trigonal space group P32 with a = 8.6121(3) and c = 11.1554(4) Å, Z = 3; Bi(S2NH2)2SCN (2) in P21/c (monoclinic) with a = 5.5600(2), b = 14.3679(5), c = 12.8665(4) Å, and β = 90.37(3)°. In the crystal structure of 1 Bi3+ is in a sevenfold coordination of two bidentate and one monodentate S2CHNH2 − anions with an asymmetric coordination pattern of five Bi–S and two Bi–Cl− bonds. The linkage of these polyhedra via common Cl–S edges leads to a 1D polymeric structure with undulated chains propagating in the direction [001]. These chains are linked by strong and medium strong hydrogen bonds forming the 3D crystal structure. In the crystal structure of 2 the Bi3+ cation is in an eightfold coordination. The polyhedron can be described as a significantly distorted tetragonal anti-prism, capped by an additional S atom. Two of these prisms share a common quadrilateral face to form a “prism-double” (Bi2S10N2). These building units are linked by common edges, and the resulting 1D infinite angulated chains propagate along [100]. By contrast to organo-dithiocarbamate compounds, where C–H···X bridges are dominant, the interchain connections in the crystal structures of 1 and 2 are formed exclusively via N–H···S, N–H···Cl, and N–H···N interactions, generating the 3D networks. A significant eccentricity of the Bi3+ cation in the crystal structures of both complexes is observed. Both compounds emit light in the orange range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Crystal and electronic structure of the new ternary phosphide Ho5Pd19P12

Abstract The title compound was prepared from the pure elements by sintering. The crystal structure was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction data. Ho5Pd19P12 exhibits the hexagonal Ho5Ni19P12-type structure with space group P 6 ‾ 2 m $P‾{6}2m$ , a = 13.1342(2), c = 3.9839(1) Å, R I = 0.060, R p = 0.080. The crystal structure can be described as a combination of two types of the structural units, [HoPd6P3] and [Ho3Pd10P6], respectively, mutually displaced by 1/2 along the crystallographic c axis. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to analyze the electronic structure and provide deeper insight into the structure-property relationships. The results of the quantum chemical calculations indicate that the material features metallic bonding between Ho and Pd and covalent bonding between Pd and P.

When you come to a fork in the road – take it!

Abstract The title of this “Food for Thought” article comes from a quote variously attributed, but mostly to the baseball player-philosopher Yogi Berra. I suppose the intent of the quote to be at once both funny and philosophical. We are all confronted with hard professional choices during our careers. Which fork in the road to take is ultimately determined by balancing our current situations (their positive and negative attributes) with an uncertain possibility to achieve more rewarding career and personal goals down a different path. I have been fortunate to have not one but three distinct careers in marine science—as a fishery stock assessment scientist, an agency senior science administrator, and as an academic. All of the choices I have made (both opportunities accepted and those declined) have presented professional challenges to get out of my comfort zone and take advantage of tremendous opportunities to learn new things and to grow professionally and personally. Over the course of my career, I have witnessed fisheries management and science maturing into an enormous enterprise so critical to the sustainability of our oceans. We have discovered much about the limits of human exploitation and the intricacies of how marine ecosystems respond to the human hand. Attitudes have matured regarding the process of fisheries management and the critical roles that fishers, regulators, scientists, and non-governmental organizations play in balancing ecology and economy. The most important lessons I have learned are those for working effectively in groups (active listening, authenticity vs. authority of leadership, openness) and understanding that successful teamwork requires establishing a stimulating and energetic environment for creative thinking and doing.

ErNi2.23Al2.77 and YbNi2.31Al2.69 – i3 superstructures of the CaCu5 type

Abstract The title compounds have been synthesized by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum crucibles in a muffle furnace using special annealing sequences. The crystal structures of YbNi2.31Al2.69 (R1 = 0.0100 for 212 F 2 values and 18 variables) and for ErNi2.23Al2.77 (R1 = 0.0154 for 255 F 2 values and 18 variables) were refined from single crystal X-ray data. They belong to the YNi2Al3 type (i3 superstructure of CaCu5) with the following crystallographic parameters: space group P 6 / m m m $P6/mmm$ , Pearson symbol hP18, Z = 3, a = 8.2723(12), c = 4.0672(8) Å, V = 241.03(8) Å3 for YbNi2.31Al2.69 and a = 8.9109(13), c = 4.0669(8) Å, V = 279.66(8) Å3 for ErNi2.23Al2.77. The crystal chemical discussion is supported by electronic structure calculations.

توهیمات أبی حیان للنحویین فی منهج السالک فی الکلام على ألفیة ابن مالک - جمعٌ ودراسةٌ

الملخص : تناول هذا البحث ظاهرة توهيم أبي حيان للنحويين في شرحه ألفية ابن مالک المسمى بـ(منهج السالک في الکلام على ألفية ابن مالک)، وقد تنوعت بين توهيمات في الآراء والمذاهب النحوية، أو في نسبة رأي إلى عالم، أو في حکاية إجماع عن النحويين، أو إيهام کلام لعالم ما خلاف المراد منه. وتکتسب دراسة هذه التوهيمات أهميتها من المکانة العلمية البارزة لکل من الناظم والشارح، وأن أبا حيان لم يسبق إلى معظم هذه التوهيمات، وتأثير أبي حيان في الخالفين؛ إذ تابعوه في أکثرها. وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على أسباب هذه التوهيمات، وطرق أبي حيان في التوهيم، وبيان مدى إصابته فيها. ومن أبرز نتائج هذه الدراسة: - أن أبا حيان کان يسمي من يوهمه غالبا. - أن أکثر النحويين الذيين وهمهم أبو حيان في منهج السالک هو ابن عصفور، ثم ابن مالک، ثم الجزولي. - أن التوهيمات الواردة في منهج السالک انحصرت في عدد من الأبواب النحوية مذکورة في البحث. - أن أبا حيان کان مصيبا في توهيمه للنحويين في جميع المسائل الواردة في هذا البحث عدا مسألة واحدة. Abstract The title of the research: (Abu Hayyan's delusions for grammarians in ( Manhaj As-salik fi ’l-kalam ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik - collection and study) - Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Al-Jundi. This research deals with the phenomenon of Abi Hayyan’s delusion of grammarians in his commentary at Alfiyyat Ibn Malik called ( Manhaj As-salik fi ’l-kalam ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik - collection and study), and it varied between delusions in opinions and grammatical doctrines, or in the ratio of opinion to a scholar, or in the unanimous tale of grammarians, or Illusory speech to a scholar other than what it intended. The study of these delusions gains its importance from the prominent scholarly position of both the Regulateser and the commentator, and that Abu Hayyan no one preceded him to most of these delusions, and the influence of Abu Hayyan on those who came after him. They followed him in most of them. This study aimed to find out the causes of these delusions, and Abu Hayyan's methods of delusion, and to show the extent of his accurate it is. Among the most prominent results of this study: - That Abu Hayyan used to mention the name of those who delude him often. - That the grammarians most delusions to Abu Hayyan in Manhaj As-salik is Ibn Osfour, then Ibn Malik, then Al-Juzzouli. - The illusions mentioned in the Manhaj As-salik are limited to several grammatical chapters mentioned in the research. - That Abu Hayyan was correct in his delusion of grammarians in all the issues mentioned in this research except for one issue..

A young precarity or an old self-management

Abstract The title Precarity or Self-Management provokes me. On the one hand, I can agree that self-management is a way out of precarity, while on the other, this raises the questions of which precarity, whose precarity, which self-management and for whom. Since the temporalities of these two notions are divergent, I feel like time-traveling while staying in one spot the spot where precarity and self-management are bound together by the curatorial gesture of Maska. My metaphor here is predicated on a thesis that in order to analyse the art and the phenomena in art today, one needs to situate them in a twofold social process: one of its streams consists of the economization of politics and the other of the politicization of production. Within the present article I invite the reader to situate both the precarity and the self-management today within that process, as a default condition of making and doing art in neo-liberal capitalist and democratic society. The same goes for many other social practices, such as mass media, the film industry, professional sports, clubbing, education, tourism, etc.

Theoretical and experimental solid state studies of Ethyl 1-benzyl-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate

Abstract The title compound Ethyl 1-benzyl-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (BI) is prepared and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The theoretical optimization and three dimensional molecular structure are confirmed by X-ray diffraction method (single crystal). The C–H…π intermolecular interactions stabilize the crystal structure. The intermolecular contacts in the crystal structure are quantified using Hirshfeld surfaces and the crystal packing is elucidated using 3D energy frameworks analysis. In the frameworks, the dispersion energy term is dominated over the electrostatic energy term. The structural optimization was carried out with B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of theory. The visual representations of positive and negative potentials (electrostatic potential) are mapped on the electron density isosurface. The band gap energy (HOMO-LUMO) of the molecule is calculated to be 4.36 eV. Structural conformation of BI is compared with similar structures.

Synthesis, properties and crystal structure of novel Copper(II) ammine complex with [Pd(CN)4]2− building blocks

Abstract The title compound [Cu4(NH3)12-(µ2-CN)8-Pd4(CN)8] was prepared from the aqueous solution Cu2+ – N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine – [Pd(CN)4]2−, where the addition of excess amounts of ammonia caused the dissolution of the precipitate formed during reaction. Using this method, we prepared and structurally characterized the new complex of Cu(II) containing ammine ligand with tetracyanidopalladate(II) anion incorporated within the molecule. The crystal structure of compound is molecular; the unit cell contains centrosymmetric octanuclear molecules in which all central atoms lies on mirror plane. Generally, the structure of the molecule can be divided into central cyclic part and terminal pendants. The structure contains nitrogen atoms derived from the ammonia molecules coordinated to Copper(II) atoms. They are involved in the formation of N-H···N hydrogen bonds type.

Diethyl (iodoethynyl)phosphonate and (iodoethynyl)diphenylphosphane oxide: crystal structures and some cycloaddition reactions

Abstract The title compounds are difunctionalized acetylenic building blocks, which can serve as electrophilic dienophiles and dipolarophiles in [4+2] and azide-iodoalkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, which, however, require strong thermal activation. In their crystal structures, they are self-complementary tectons, which are arranged in polymeric chains maintained by very short intermolecular Csp–I···O=P halogen bonds.

Out of Plato’s Cave

Abstract The title is lifted from an essay by J. T. Fraser in his book Time and Time Again (2007). It conveys Fraser’s conviction, a conviction shared here, that understanding time and reality requires us to redirect our thinking process. Plato describes a path out of the dark cave of confusion into the realm of truth and light, that is, from time towards the timeless. But we should “reverse course” along this path and move from the timeless into the complexity of time. Time is not one thing foundational to reality; reality rather is a series of temporal levels developed through evolution and related in a nested hierarchy driven by conflict and towards increasing complexity. This theory makes possible critical and fruitful reflection on issues like entropy, indeterminacy, and mind/body dualism. It entails embracing our position as knowers in time and the complexity of truth as temporal rather than timeless.

معوقات الإبداع البحثي لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية في جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية وسُبل التغلب عليها من وجهة نظرهنَّ. دراسة ميدانية

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد معوقات الإبداع البحثي التعليمية، ومعوقات الإبداع البحثي المتعلقة بالجانب الإداري، والإشراف الأکاديمي، ومعوقات الإبداع البحثي الشخصية (الذاتية) لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية بجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية، ومن ثم وضع المقترحات التي تسهم في التغلب على تلک المعوقات، واستخدمت المنهج الوصفي المسحي لتحقيق أهدافها من خلال تصميم استبانة تکونت من أربعة محاور، تضمنت الثلاثة الأولى معوقات الإبداع البحثي، ثم تناول المحور الرابع مقترحات التغلب على تلک المعوقات، وبلغ عدد فقرات الاستبانة (34) فقرة، وطبقت الدراسة على عينة بلغ قوامها (181) طالبة بنسبة 53% من المجتمع الأصلي البالغ (341) طالبة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها ما يلي: موافقة أفراد الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة (3.40من 4) على وجود معوقات للإبداع البحثي لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية بجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية من وجهة نظرهن. - موافقة أفراد الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة (3.39من 4) على معوقات الإبداع البحثي التعليمية لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية من وجهة نظرهن، ومن أهمها: ضعف تناول البحث التربوي في مرحلة البکالوريوس، وضعف تأهيل الطالبات في المهارات البحثية. - موافقة أفراد الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة (3.36من 4) على معوقات الإبداع البحثي المتعلقة بالجانب الإداري والإشراف الأکاديمي لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا من وجهة نظرهن، ومن أهمها: ندرة اللقاءات العلمية التي تجمع بين أعضاء هيئة التدريس وطالبات الدراسات العليا، وعلى صعوبة إجراءات تعديل أو تغيير مفردات عنوان البحث بعد اعتماده من مجلس القسم. - موافقة أفراد الدراسة بدرجة متوسطة (3.08من 4) على معوقات الإبداع البحثي الشخصية (الذاتية) لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية من وجهة نظرهن، ومن أهمها: ضعف مهارات تعلم اللغات الأجنبية، نقص خبرة الباحثة في طريقة التناول المنهجي للبحث عند إعداده. - موافقة أفراد الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة (3.80من 4) على مقترحات التغلب على معوقات الإبداع البحثي لدى طالبات الدراسات العليا في الأقسام التربوية من وجهة نظرهن، ومن أهمها: إنشاء المراکز البحثية اللازمة لدعم الباحثات، وتزويد الباحثات بالمصادر التي تعينهن على الوصول إلى المادة العلمية والبيانات التي تخدم البحث. Abstract The title of the study impedes the research creativity of postgraduate students in the educational departments at Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University and ways of overcoming them from their point of view Researcher: Maryam bint 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Ali al-Du'afs. Supervisor: Dr. Saleh bin Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah Altwaijri. Degree: Master. University and College: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University - Faculty of Social Sciences Section and specialization: Origins of education Path of the origins of education. University Year: 1438 AH / 1439H. The study aimed to identify the obstacles of educational research innovation, obstacles to research innovation related to the administrative aspect and academic supervision, and obstacles to personal research creativity in postgraduate students in the educational departments at the Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, and then develop proposals that contribute to overcoming these obstacles. The descriptive approach was used to achieve its objectives by designing a questionnaire consisting of four axes. The first three included obstacles to research creativity. The fourth topic dealt with proposals to overcome these obstacles. The number of questionnaires reached (34) paragraphs, Head on a total sample strength of 181 students by 53% of the original community of (341 students), and the study found a number of results including the following: - The approval of the study members to a large degree (3.39 of 4) on the obstacles of educational research innovation among postgraduate students in the educational departments from their point of view. The most important of these are the weakness of the educational research in the bachelor's stage and the weak qualification of female students in research skills. - The approval of the study members to a large extent (3.36 of 4) on the obstacles of research innovation related to the administrative aspect and academic supervision of female graduate students from their point of view. The most important of these are the scarcity of scientific meetings between faculty members and postgraduate students and the difficulty of editing or changing the vocabulary The title of the research after its adoption by the department council. - The approval of the students in a medium degree (3.08 of 4) on the obstacles of personal research creativity (the self) of the postgraduate students in the educational departments from their point of view, the most important: the weakness of the skills of learning foreign languages. Lack of experience of the researcher in the method of methodical handling of the research when preparing it. - The approval of the members of the study to a large degree (3.80 of 4) on the proposals to overcome the obstacles of research creativity among the postgraduate students in the educational departments from their point of view, the most important of which are: the establishment of research centers to support the researchers, and provide researchers with sources that help them to access the scientific material and data that Serve the search.

A new ternary silicide GdFe1− x Si2 (x=0.32): preparation, crystal and electronic structure

Abstract The title compound was prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was investigated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the TbFeSi2 structure type, orthorhombic space group Cmmm, a = 4.0496(8), b = 16.416(2), c = 3.9527(6) Å, Z = 4, R1 = 0.041, wR2 = 0.11 for 207 unique reflections with I o > 2 σ(I o) and 19 refined parameters. The Fe position is not fully occupied and the refinement results in a composition GdFe0.68Si2 in agreement with a chemical analysis. The structure consists of zig-zag chains of Si(1) atoms which are terminally bound to additional Si(2) atoms. For an ordered variant GdFe0.5Si2 the Zintl concept can be applied which results in formal oxidation states Gd3+(Fe2+)0.5Si(1)1−Si(2)3−. The electronic structure of this variant GdFe0.5Si2 was analyzed using the tight-binding LMTO method and the results confirm the simple bonding picture.

القواعد الفقهیة عند ابن عرفة المالکی من خلال تفسیره جمعًا ودراسة

الملخــــص بحث تناول جملة من القواعد الفقهية التي استدل لها من خلال تفسيره. وهذا الموضوع له أهميته وذلک للمکانة العلمية لتفسير ابن عرفة؛ وما تميز به هذا التفسير من شموله لثروة أصولية کبيرة في تفسيره على مستوى التأصيل استدلالا بالآيات للقواعد الفقهية. وهذا البحث يحقق أهدافا علمية من أبرزها جمع القواعد الفقهية، وترتيبها ترتيبا علميا وفق کتب القواعد الفقهية، وهذه القواعد هي: القواعد المتفرعة من القواعد الکلية الکبرى، والقواعد المتفرعة من القواعد الکبرى والصغرى، وکذلک من الأهداف أنه يبين أثر آراء بن عرفة في القواعد الفقهية في تفسيره لکتاب الله تعالى، فکانت حدود البحث لا تعدو أن تکون استقراء لآراء ابن عرفة في القواعد الفقهية في التفسير، وجمعها ودراستها، وترتيبها ترتيبا من ناحية القواعد الفقهية، ولم أطلع على جهود علمية وبحثية تتناول موضوع هذا البحث. ويتحدث البحث عن ابن عرفة وتفسيره، والمقدمات والمبادئ في القواعد الفقهية، وقمت بجمع مسائل بن عرفة في القواعد الفقهية من خلال تفسيره لذکر الله، ثم أتيت بالتعريف بالمسألة موضع الدراسة، وبيان معاني مفرداتها في اللغة والاصطلاح، وبينت الخلاف في المختلف فيه مع نسبة الأقوال وفق الترتيب التاريخي للمذاهب، وأذکر الآية ورأي ابن عرفة في المسألة، مع توثيقه من تفسيره، وأناقش قوله من خلال دليله الذي استدل به لقوله من کتاب الله تعالى. Abstract The title of the research: (Rules of Jurisprudence at the son of Arafa al-Maliki through his interpretation - collective and study) - a study dealing with a number of jurisprudential rules that have been derived from it through its interpretation. And this subject is important because of the scientific status of the interpretation of Ibn Arafa; and characterized by this interpretation of the comprehensive wealth of fundamentalism in its interpretation at the level of rooting in reference to the verses of the rules of jurisprudence. This research achieves scientific objectives، the most important of which is the collection of jurisprudential rules، arranged in scientific order according to the books of jurisprudential rules. These rules are: the rules that branch out from the grand rules of the rules، and the branching rules of the major and minor rules، As well as the objectives that it shows the impact of the views of bin Arafah in the rules of jurisprudence in the interpretation of the book of God، was the limits of research is no more than be an extrapolation to the views of Ibn Arafa in the rules of jurisprudence in the interpretation، and study and arranged، arranged in terms of jurisprudential rules، I did not know about scientific and research efforts that dealt with the subject of this research. Research Plan: Introduction، showing the importance of the subject and the reasons for choosing the subject، its objectives، previous studies، three chapters، the conclusion، and the indexes: Chapter I: Ibn Arafa and its interpretation، and there are two sections: Chapter II: Introductions and principles in the jurisprudential rules، including three topics: Chapter Three: The Rules of Jurisprudence in Ibn Arafah in its interpretation and in it are two sections: The first topic: the rules of the branch of the grand college rules and the four demands: The second topic: the rules of the branch of the major and minor rules، including two demands: Research Methodology: It is a general approach that I followed the analytical inductive method and collected jurisprudential rules through its interpretation، and then I studied them and compared them with the words of the scholars. And a special approach to study the issue as follows: I have collected the issues of Ibn Arafa in the rules of jurisprudence through the interpretation of the memory of God، and then came to the definition of the issue under study، and to explain the meanings of vocabulary in the language and terminology، and showed the difference in the difference with the proportion of statements according to the historical arrangement of the doctrines، I mention the verse and the opinion of Ibn Arafah in the matter، with its documentation of its interpretation، and I discuss the saying through his evidence، which is derived from his saying of the Book of God Almighty.

β-Eu(BO2)3 – a new member of the β-RE(BO2)3 (RE=Y, Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) structure family

Abstract The title compound β-Eu(BO2)3 was synthesized in a high-pressure/high-temperature experiment at 4 GPa and 1473 K. The europium borate crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with the lattice parameters a = 16.071(2), b = 7.440(4), and c = 12.362(5) Å. The structure is isotypic to the already known meta-borates β-RE(BO2)3 (RE = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy–Lu) and is built up of approximately triangular ribbons of BO4 tetrahedra. The compound was further characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy and shows a typical Eu3+ line emission upon excitation at 448 nm.