Absorption Law Research Articles

Bouguer–Lambert–Beer Law of Absorption: Spectrophotometry in Electrolyte Solutions

Bouguer–Lambert–Beer Law of Absorption: Spectrophotometry in Electrolyte Solutions

Garlic-specific Fertilizer Improves Economic and Environmental Outcomes in China

Traditional methods of garlic fertilization involve large amounts of balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of N, P, and K, leading to nutrient imbalances, reduced yield and nutritional quality, and elevated risk of environmental pollution. This study for the first time measured garlic nutrient absorption and mineral elements status in garlic fields. In addition, a garlic-specific fertilizer formula and recommended rate were designed and applied in multiple garlic fields during the 2019–21 growing season. We assessed the performance of garlic-specific fertilizer in terms of yield, quality, and nutrient utilization efficiency. We showed that garlic prefers to absorb N and K, and its absorption of P was much lower. Deficiencies in Cl, Mn, S, and Fe are found in 98.7%, 56.1%, 22.8%, and 11.9% of garlic fields. Compared with farmer fertilization, the garlic-specific fertilizers increased sprout yield by 12.9% to 30.5%, bulb yield by 11.0% to 33.5%, and net income by 18.2% to 45.6%. Furthermore, it improved the nutritional quality [vitamin C (Vc), soluble sugar (SS), and soluble protein] of the garlic and reduced the accumulation of nitrate. The formula of special fertilizer was more in line with the law of garlic nutrient absorption, increasing the nutrient utilization effect, reducing the environmental risks. Application of specific fertilizer increased N, P, and K partial productivity by 26.6% to 50.1%, 82.6% to 116.5%, and 54.6% to 83.3%, respectively. These results suggest that replacing balanced fertilizers in the garlic market with garlic-specific fertilizers can improve garlic farmers' incomes and soil health.

Inclusion properties of generalized inverses in rings

In this paper, we investigate inclusion properties in a ∗-ring. It is proven that for two [Formula: see text]-invertible elements [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in a ∗-ring, [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. For two [Formula: see text]-invertible elements [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give a characterization of [Formula: see text]-inverses, and the absorption law for [Formula: see text]-inverses is studied.

Experimental Study on Shear Characteristics of Coal Samples in Different Water-Bearing States

During the establishment of the coal mine goaf reservoir, the strength of the coal pillar dam was weakened by various water–rock interactions triggered by water movement. To explore the influence of the water-bearing state on the shear characteristics of coal pillar dams, the 2–2 coal seam of Shangwan Coal Mine in the Shendong Mining area was taken as the research object and was prepared to coal samples with different moisture contents and different drying-saturation cycles, and the variable angle shear test of coal samples was carried out. The law of water absorption of coal samples under natural and pressurized conditions is obtained. The research results show that the shear characteristics of coal samples change significantly under the action of water, with the increase of moisture content and drying-saturation cycles, the lower the shear strength of coal samples is, the larger the peak shear strain is, and the cohesion and internal friction angle of coal samples decrease linearly. According to the relationship between cohesion, internal friction angle, moisture content, and drying-saturation cycle times, the Mohr–Coulomb model of coal samples considering moisture content and immersion times is established, which contributes to the load-bearing capacity estimation of water-bearing coal mass. Additionally, scanning electron microscope analysis revealed significant changes in the microstructure of coal samples under different moisture states: as the moisture content and dry-saturation cycles increase, the microstructure of the coal samples gradually transforms from orderly and compact to disordered and murky, elucidating the mechanism by which moisture weakens the mechanical properties of the coal samples. The research results provide a useful reference for engineering problems related to the stability evaluation of coal bodies involving the repeated erosion effect of water.

Methods for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponent function when studying Physics in the system of secondary vocational education

In accordance with the educational standards of the Federal State Educational Standard for Secondary Professional Education, it is intended to familiarize students of professional educational organizations with the properties of radioactive radiation, their practical applications, as well as with some concepts of dosimetry and protection from such radiation.The relevance of this research can be debated for a very long time. But in light of recent events it is obvious.A thorough mastery of all this material is impossible without studying the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation.The research problem: the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation are expressed using the exponential function N=N_0 e^(-λt) and i=Ie^(-μχ) and are usually not presented in the course of Physics in secondary specialized educational institutions. At best, an appropriate schedule is drawn, but without justification. It seems that this is caused by two reasons: firstly, when writing the exponent function, the base of natural logarithms is used – the number e, which is unknown to intermediate students; secondly, the above laws are usually derived by solving differential equations, which is far beyond the scope of the mathematics curriculum. Meanwhile, both of these difficulties can be easily overcome by using the properties of the exponential function known to students of secondary vocational education.The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption, using the properties of the exponential function; to conduct a pedagogical experiment in order to identify the problem of students’ mastery of the proposed material.The research methods used are theoretical justification; calculation; comparison of quantities; graphical analysis of experimental data; generalization of the experimental factors of the study and their explanation.The research results: a methodology has been developed for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponential function; the result of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methodology.Key conclusions: from the proposed article we can conclude that the presented method for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation using the property of the exponent function can be used by teachers when studying the section «Radioactive Radiation» for both students of professional educational organizations and school students (advanced level).

Study on fractal and energy dissipation characteristics of rock impact fragmentation in Junggar basin

In order to study the rock energy absorption and crushing fractal characteristics under impact load, the dynamic impact tests of rock in J1b formation in Junggar Basin were carried out by split Hopkinson bar. The strain rate effect on the crushing energy consumption and failure mode were analyzed. Combined with fractal dimension calculation and energy density analysis, the energy density and fractal characteristics of rocks during the impact process are studied. The results showed that the strain rate and energy density of the specimens are in line with the power relationship, the energy density increases with the strain rate, and the fractal dimension increases significantly with the increase of the strain rate, the energy density and fractal dimension of the specimen under dynamic load conform to a power relationship. The more energy absorbed by the rock, the more obvious the fractal characteristics are. The energy density combined with the fractal dimension calculation of rock fragmentation can quantitatively study the energy absorption law of rock per unit time.

Microscopic Mechanisms and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandy Mudstone under Different Water Saturations

In order to study the damage mechanism of surrounding rocks under water-rock coupling, an experimental study on the microscopic law of water absorption and mechanics of sandy mudstone was carried out in the sandy mudstone stratum of Wanfu coal mine in Shandong, China. The results indicate that the strength of sandy mudstone exhibits three stages of relative softening, rapid softening, and decelerated softening. The speed of water molecules entering the microscopic pore structure was analyzed based on the percentage of water molecules in the pore structure. The acoustic emission energy release process is divided into energy accumulation stage, stable release stage and intense release stage. With the increase of water content saturation, Δα (Spectral width of the multifractal spectrum) tends to decrease and the distribution of events is gradually uniform. The action of water gradually expands and penetrates the cracks and pores inside the sandy mudstone, which makes Δf (Frequency of occurrence of the signal) change from negative to positive values.

Investigation of reasonable shock absorption of asymmetric long-span suspension bridges considering force differences

Compared with conventional suspension bridges, asymmetric long-span suspension bridges exhibit significant differences in the forces of key members on different sides under earthquake action, due to their uneven mass and stiffness distributions. In this study, the seismic response characteristics of an asymmetric long-span suspension bridge were analyzed using the Guangdong Xijiang Special Bridge as a case study. The shock absorption laws of the asymmetric parameter combinations of the viscous dampers for each control target were investigated. Accordingly, a response surface model for each control objective was established based on the response surface method. The objective function was constructed based on the principle of reducing the differences in multi-target seismic responses on different sides. Finally, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal combination of parameters for the viscous dampers on both sides. The results show that the seismic response of the members on the higher-mass side is more evident for an asymmetric long-span suspension bridge under earthquake action. Members on the smaller-mass side have a better shock absorption effect. After optimization using the proposed method, the average optimization magnitude of each control objective reached 23.1%, compared with the traditional symmetric parameters. The optimal combination of the asymmetric parameters of the viscous dampers on both sides can equalize the full-bridge forces and improve the shock-absorption effect of the dampers. The proposed method has a referable meaning for shock absorption control of asymmetric structures.

Thermal Characteristics Analysis of Conveyor Belt During Ignition

ABSTRACT Conveyor belt fires are the most serious fires that occur exogenous mine fires. To study the thermal characteristics of the PVC conveyor belt during the fire process, the softening characteristics of the conveyor belt underground in the mine were simulated by using the temperature rise oxidation system. Based on the C600 microcalorimeter, the oxidation heat release law of the PVC conveyor belt and pulverized coal with different softening temperatures was studied at an environmental range of 40–500°C, and the combustion law, heat release and heat absorption, HRR,combustion stages and activation energy were analyzed. The results show that with increasing softening temperature, the law of heat absorption and heat release of the PVC conveyor belt in the initial stage of the independent reaction is opposite, while the heat absorption and heat release in the coupling with pulverized coal increase gradually, and 106% and 107% more heat is released in the rapid development state than in the independent reaction state. The change rule of the heat release acceleration of the PVC conveyor belt remains basically the same whether it is alone or coupled with pulverized coal. The maximum difference in heat release acceleration increases with increasing softening temperature. According to the division of the combustion stages of the conveyor belt according to the heat flow value, when the PVC conveyor belt reacts alone, the temperature range of the heated softening zone is approximately 140°C smaller than when it is coupled with pulverized coal, and the temperature range of the melting pyrolysis zone is expanded by 100°C.It shows that when the conveyor belt is coupled with pulverized coal, fire is more likely to occur and the fire risk is greater. The average HRR at the softening temperature of 100°C is the largest, the ignition time is the shortest, and the danger is the greatest. The activation energy decreases with increasing softening temperature when it is coupled with pulverized coal, indicating that the higher the softening temperature is, the more likely an oxidation reaction will occur. The heat release characteristics and combustion stages division of the conveyor belt proposed in this paper have certain guiding significance for the replacement and maintenance of mine conveyor belts and the prevention and control of mine fires.

Gangue Source Reduction Technology and Process Optimization Based on Underground Coal Gangue Photoelectric Separation

The precise identification of damp, sticky coal gangue; efficient jet nozzle separation; and process layout in a narrow, restricted space are essential technologies for gangue source reduction based on underground gangue photoelectric separation, which is critical for the long-term growth of coal mines. In this paper, the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) method was used to identify the X-ray absorption law of different atoms in coal-based minerals and explore the differences in the microscopic crystal properties of coal gangue; the numerical simulation calculation of four commonly used nozzles—namely, flat, convergent, flat–convergent, and streamline—was carried out using Fluent software for coal gangue jet separation to optimize the nozzle morphology and parameters. The technical characteristics of the underground layout of the photoelectric separation system for coal gangue were expounded, and the technological layout of the separation system was explored. The results showed that the absorption coefficients μ(E) of Al and Si atoms in minerals to X-rays are significantly different, and the XAFS method has the ability to identify coal, gangue, and other minerals. The streamlined nozzle has a long jet core area, slow decay of jet velocity, low gas consumption per unit time, and better performance than the other three types of nozzles. Based on the development and mining system of the Renjiazhuang Coal Mine, three kinds of photoelectric separation system layout schemes of coal gangue were designed, namely centralized layout, distributed layout, and mobile layout. The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme were compared, which enriched the technical means of gangue source reduction.

Experimental study on compressive behavior and failure characteristics of imitation steel fiber concrete under uniaxial load

The concrete columns suffer from spalling and flaking in the room and pillar mining method, which affects service performance. The energy absorption and deformation failure laws of fiber concrete structures under compression load need further study. In this study, four types of imitation steel fiber concrete specimens were prepared, and uniaxial compression experiments were carried out. Simultaneous photographic and acoustic emission monitoring was conducted to investigate the compression energy absorption, crack evolution, fracture surface fractal and RA/AF value characteristics of fiber concrete. The results obtained in the present work are as follows. Imitation steel fiber concrete showed the best compressive and energy absorption performance with a 0.4–0.6% fiber/mortar mass ratio. A higher dosage of fibers prolonged the yield time but also led to earlier macroscopic cracking. The bond between imitation steel fiber and matrix can disperse the stress, which significantly improved the toughness of concrete. For every 0.2% increase in fiber content, the pre-peak toughness index CTI and post-peak damage absorption energy FCEC increased by about 10% and 50%, respectively. Both plain concrete and fiber concrete specimens developed macroscopic cracks under local tensile stresses. The proportion of shear fracture in plain concrete reached 80.1% and dominated during the secondary crack development. The proportion of tension and shear fracture in fiber concrete was less disparate and showed a mixed pattern with synergistic action. The proportion of shear fractures gradually increased with the increase in fiber content. The calculated results of the RA/AF method corresponded well with the crack morphology. With the increase in fiber content, the bridging effect of fiber became more obvious, and the ability of specimens to resist cracking improved significantly. The fractal characteristics of the fracture surface of each specimen were investigated. The plain concrete specimens had a relatively complete surface when destroyed, and their fractal dimension was only 1.62, the lowest among all the specimens. The surface of fiber concrete was more fragmented, and their fractal dimension was higher, with the fractal dimension D increasing by 0.2–0.4 for each 0.2% increase in fiber content. This study can provide a reference for the fiber concrete pillar designs.

Hygrothermal effect on interfacial properties of CFRP-steel joint modified by nanosilica

The interface between the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement system and steel substrates may deteriorate in service environments. This study is concerned with the effect of moisture and temperature conditions on the interfacial performance of CFRP-steel joints using neat/modified adhesive. Tensile and shear tests were conducted on both unmodified adhesive specimens and those modified with nanosilica to assess the impact of nanoparticles. Water immersion tests were carried out on adhesive specimens with different nanosilica contents to determine the water absorption law of the adhesives at different immersion temperatures. The interfacial properties of CFRP-steel bonded joints were tested before and after hygrothermal aging. The results show that nanosilica significantly influences the mechanical properties of the adhesive, as well as CFRP-steel joints. In dry conditions, tensile and shear strengths, Young’s modulus and the elongation of adhesive are improved by increasing the nanosilica content up to about 1.4 wt%. A higher content of nanosilica reduces adhesive strength and modulus, while the elongation increases continuously with nanoparticles increasing to 7 wt%. The water absorption of the adhesive is significantly influenced by the content of nanosilica. More nanosilica particles lead to slower diffusion in adhesion and smaller saturated water absorption. A high immersion temperature speeds up the moisture diffusion, resulting in a larger moisture content and a more severe degradation in adhesive performance with the same immersion duration. Hygrothermal aging can be delayed by the addition of nanosilica with low content. The interfacial properties of CFRP-steel joints, including interfacial shear strength, load capacity and plasticity, are weakened by hygrothermal aging. Changing the main failure mode from cohesive failure to interfacial debonding may occur in CFRP-steel joints due to aging. The more severe deterioration is caused by longer immersion or a higher immersion temperature. However, the addition of nanosilica can enhance the durability of the aged joints in the long run by improving the water resistance, although peak shear stress decreases when the nanosilica content exceeds 1.4 wt%. The trilinear bond-slip model of reinforced adhesive joints may be reduced to a bilinear model by hygrothermal aging. The incorporation of nanosilica helps to mitigate the reduction in fracture energy due to water immersion at normal and high temperatures.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of glibenclamide in tablets

Aim. To develop and validate a spectrophotometric technique for quantitative determination of glibenclamide in tablets by reaction with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Materials and methods. In the study, the substance glibenclamide of pharmacopoeial purity was used, tablets – “Maninil” 5 mg and “Glibenclamid-Zdorovye” 5 mg, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone of the “CFA” qualification was chosen as a reagent, as a solvent – dimethylformamide (DMF) “CFA”. The following analytical equipment was used for the research: spectrophotometer “Specord-200” (Analytic Jena AG, Germany), water bath “MEMMERT WNB7”, laboratory electronic scales RADWAG XA 210. 4Y, measuring laboratory vessels of class A. Results. A new, simple spectrophotometric method of quantitative determination of glibenclamide in tablets by reaction with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone in DMF medium was developed. The absorption maximum was at 489–491 nm. The value of the detection limit is 10.9 μg/ml, which indicates sufficient sensitivity of the reaction. Subordination to the basic law of light absorption is within the limits of concentrations of 13.7–27.4 mg/100 ml. In the process of developing the methodology, the following validation characteristics were determined: specificity, linearity, precision, correctness, and robustness. Conclusions. The methodology for the quantitative determination of glibenclamide was developed and validated according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. It has been proven that the method is simple, accessible, and validated for such characteristics as linearity, convergence and robustness and can be used for application in laboratories for quality control of medicinal products.

Study on the preparation and performances analysis of lightweight high strength ceramsite aerated concrete

An orthogonal test of the component design of aerated concrete was carried out to solve the problems of low strength, easy cracking, and high water absorption of aerated concrete. The influences of cement content, water-binder ratio, foaming agent content, and polypropylene fiber content on the performances of aerated concrete including dry density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were investigated. Furthermore, the optimal composition of aerated concrete was determined. The test results showed that the dry density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption of aerated concrete were greatly influenced by the dosage of the foaming agent. Additionally, the water-binder ratio was found to significantly influence the apparent porosity of aerated concrete. Based on the experiment, the optimal combination of components for aerated concrete was 65 wt.% cement and 35% wt.% mineral admixture with a fly ash to slag ratio of 3:1. Meanwhile, the content of water-binder ratio, foaming agent, and polypropylene fibers were 0.4, 4 wt.%, and 0.4 wt.% of the total cementitious material, respectively. Among the mix proportions in this study, aerated concrete prepared by using the above mix proportion had the best performances. Subsequently, the influence of ceramsite content on the strength, dry density, and thermal conductivity of aerated concrete was analyzed. The results showed that the dry density and thermal conductivity of ceramsite aerated concrete increased with the increase of ceramsite content, but the change law of the water absorption was the opposite. Moreover, the compressive strength increased first and then decreased with the increase of ceramsite content, while the apparent porosity was the opposite. The optimal ceramsite content in ceramsite aerated concrete was 20 wt.%.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN IN THE SOIL OF THE JABRAYIL REGION WITH 2-HYDROXY-5-HALIGENTHIOPHENOLS AND AROMATIC AMINES

In the interaction of molybdenum and tungsten with 2-hydroxy-5-halogenthiophenols, mixed-ligand complexes (MLC) extractable with chloroform are formed. Aniline, N-methylaniline, and N, N-dimethylaniline were used as the hydrophobic amines. The conditions for the extraction-photometric determination of molybdenum and tungsten are found. The best extractants were chloroform, dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride. In a single extraction with chloroform, 97.8–98.2% of molybdenum and tungsten are recovered in the form of MLC (in the case of C2H4Cl2 and CCl4, 95–96% of molybdenum and tungsten are recovered). Molybdenum and tungsten MLC extracts obey the basic law of light absorption at concentrations of 0.2–20 and 0.2–19 μg/mL, respectively. It was established by the Nazarenko method that the complexing form of molybdenum and tungsten is MeO (OH)2+. It was found that MLC are formed at pHopt. 1.8-5.1. The maximum in the light absorption spectrum is observed at 457–538 nm. The molar light absorption coefficient is (3.2-4.2) ×104. It has been proven that molybdenum (VI) and tungsten (VI) are reduced to Me(V) by the reagent itself upon formation of a complex with halothiophenols. Keywords: molybdenum, tungsten, 2-hydroxy-5-halogenthiophenol, extraction-photometric method, hydrophobic amines

Common population characteristics of direct‐seeded hybrid indica rice for high yield

AbstractDirect seeding of rice has attracted attention because of its simplicity and rapidity compared with traditional cultivation methods. However, the geographical location of the rice region in Southwest China is complex, and the common characteristics of high yield of direct seeding hybrid indica rice and the law of nutrient absorption and accumulation are still unclear. This study results demonstrated that the mean yield of high‐yield varieties (HYV) in the two ecological points increased by 17.68%–19.98% and 17.37%–27.06%, respectively, compared with low‐yield varieties (LYV). The high tillering ability and effective tillering rate of HYV promoted a large leaf area index (LAI) and a strong photosynthetic capacity and stimulated the accumulation of aboveground biomass and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in rice plants, which were finally transported and allocated to the grains to maintain high yields. Correlation analysis indicated that yield and its components were closely related to spatial population structure and nutrient accumulation and allocation. In particular, LAI at the full heading stage, net photosynthetic rate, aboveground biomass from jointing to maturity stage, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation and distribution from jointing to full heading stage have the strongest correlation with yield and its components. Therefore, improving the effective tillering rate and LAI, as well as the accumulation and distribution of aboveground biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of rice plants from jointing to full heading stage, are the common laws for the formation of high yield of direct seeding hybrid rice in different ecological areas.

Fixed Point Preserving Model Reduction of Boolean Networks Focusing on Complement and Absorption Laws

A Boolean network (BN) is well known as a discrete model for analysis and control of complex networks such as gene regulatory networks. Since complex networks are large-scale in general, it is important to consider model reduction. In this paper, we consider model reduction that the information on fixed points (singleton attractors) is preserved. In model reduction studied here, the interaction graph obtained from a given BN is utilized. In the existing method, the minimum feedback vertex set (FVS) of the interaction graph is focused on. The dimension of the state is reduced to the number of elements of the minimum FVS. In the proposed method, we focus on complement and absorption laws of Boolean functions in substitution operations of a Boolean function into other one. By simplifying Boolean functions, the dimension of the state may be further reduced. Through a numerical example, we present that by the proposed method, the dimension of the state can be reduced for BNs that the dimension of the state cannot be reduced by the existing method.

A Novel Measurement Method for Spin Polarization Three Axis Spatial Distribution in Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free Atomic Magnetometer

The measurement of atomic spin polarization distribution in spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometer is an important topic for improving the sensitivity and consistency of multi-channel magnetic field measurement applications. A novel spin polarization spatial distribution measurement method is presented based on the transient response of the magnetometer after modulating the pumped light with a chopper. Polarization is obtained by a slow-down factor based on the fast spin-exchange interaction effects. Longitudinal and transverse polarization distributions are measured simultaneously without interrupting the operation of the SERF status. Under different oscillating magnetic fields, the spin polarization is measured at the cell centroid. Residual magnetic field inside the magnetometer is obtained from the linear relationship between the precession frequency and the oscillating magnetic field. The one-dimensional polarization distributions in the x, y, and z axes are measured using a digital micromirror device with a resolution of 0.25 cm. The measurement results conform to the Lambert-Bier absorption law and the Gaussian distribution law. Furthermore, 7 × 7 two-dimensional spatial distribution measurements of polarization on the xy and yz planes are performed. Nonuniformity of 1.04 in the xy plane and 1.82 in the yz plane in the built magnetometer. Compared with other measurement methods, the distribution measurement method proposed is independent of optical depth and suitable for low polarization and high polarization applications. Based on the results of the proposed measurement method of spin polarization spatial distribution, further compensation can improve the application consistency of multi-channel magnetic field measurements and improve the sensitivity of single-channel differential measurements.

Development of a spectrophotometric technique for the quantitative determination of ademol

According to statistics, craniocerebral injuries are often the cause of disability among the population. The choice of medicines for traumatic brain injuries is one of the most difficult problems in the complex treatment of such patients. Ademol (1-adamantylethyloxy-3-morpholino-2-propanol hydrochloride) is a promising medicinal substance that has a huge positive therapeutic effect of a protective act on the damaged brain and can be presented in medicinal preparations in different dosages. Therefore, the urgent task is the development of highly accurate, reliable, affordable, and fast methods of quantitative determination of ademol. The aim of the work is to study the optimal conditions for the “ademol – bromocresol green” reaction and to develop an express, sensitive and easy-to-implement method for the quantitative determination of ademol. Materials and methods. Bromocresol green (BCG) grade “chemically pure” and acetone grade “pure for analysis” were used as reagents and solvents. Analytical equipment: spectrophotometer Specord 200, electronic scales AVT-120-5DM, ultrasonic bath Elmasonic E 60H, class A measuring vessels. Results. A new method of quantitative determination of ademol by the spectrophotometric method was developed. The optimal conditions of the flow between the substance to be determined and the reagent have been studied, the concentration limits have been established, in which subordination to the basic law of light absorption is observed. A forecast of the complete uncertainty of the results of the specified method of quantitative determination was made to assess the correctness of the reproduction of the developed method in other laboratories. The proposed method is relevant according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Conclusions. According to the experimental data, the method of quantitative determination of ademol can be correctly reproduced and suitable for use.

Rational Design and Characterization of Materials for Optimized Additive Manufacturing by Digital Light Processing.

Additive manufacturing technologies are developed and utilized to manufacture complex, lightweight, functional, and non-functional components with optimized material consumption. Among them, vat polymerization-based digital light processing (DLP) exploits the polymerization of photocurable resins in the layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects. With the rapid growth of the technology in the last few years, DLP requires a rational design framework for printing process optimization based on the specific material and printer characteristics. In this work, we investigate the curing of pure photopolymers, as well as ceramic and metal suspensions, to characterize the material properties relevant to the printing process, such as penetration depth and critical energy. Based on the theoretical framework offered by the Beer-Lambert law for absorption and on experimental results, we define a printing space that can be used to rationally design new materials and optimize the printing process using digital light processing. The proposed methodology enables printing optimization for any material and printer combination, based on simple preliminary material characterization tests to define the printing space. Also, this methodology can be generalized and applied to other vat polymerization technologies.