The present study aimed to evaluate the optical properties of 1D photonic crystal (PC) with a defect layer doped by four-level InGaN/GaN quantum dots. Transient and steady-state behavior of the medium completely relies on the intensities and relative phases of coherent coupling fields. In addition, the transient absorption–dispersion spectra of 1DPC can be easily adjusted by choosing the controllable parameters properly. Furthermore, the transmitted and reflected light pulses at (long wavelength) can be tuned by controlling the Rabi frequencies of applied light due to their potential applications in all-optical systems. Furthermore, the effect of relative phase between applied fields on the light propagation was evaluated through the medium. In addition, all-optical switching time was found for subluminal/superluminal and absorption/transmission of light propagation. The required switching time ranges between 2–7 ps. The proposed model may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science and systems due to large applications in signal processing.