Absorption Contour Research Articles

Controlling behaviour of transparency and absorption in three-coupled multiple quantum wells via spontaneously generated coherence

This article presents a coherent phenomenon called spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) under the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-coupled multiple quantum wells. We demonstrate that the presence of SGC in these quantum wells lead to intriguing modifications in the transparency window within the absorption spectrum. At the same time, modification of the dispersive nature is also demonstrated which enables the feasibility of the system in diverse applications based on light propagation. The absorption and dispersion responses are found to be varied by the individual strength of the first and second control fields in presence as well as in absence of SGC in the EIT regime. The positional shifting of the transparency window and simultaneous modifications in the dispersive profiles by tuning the control field detunings of both the first and second control fields are also revealed. Some absorption and dispersion contours are illustrated for getting better insights into the modifications of the optical responses via SGC. Finally, by manipulating the strength of the SGC parameter, we observe the changes in the respective position of the transparency window and dispersion curve. It is expected that the current investigations will pave novel ways for innovative applications in quantum communications, and fabrication of advanced photonic devices.

Parylene-Sealed Perovskite Nanocrystals Down-Shifting Layer for Luminescent Spectral Matching in Thin Film Photovoltaics

The present contribution aims to enhance solar cells' performance via the development of advanced luminescent down-shifting based on encapsulated nanostructured perovskite materials. Here, thin films of inorganic lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystal luminophores were synthetized, by hot-injection, deposited on glass substrates by spin-coating, and encapsulated with parylene type C, via chemical vapor deposition, to protect and stabilize the films. The optical properties of these thin films were characterized by absorption, emission and 2D contour spectra, their structure by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the morphology by Scanning Transmission Electron microscopy. I-V curve and spectral response nanocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (nc-Si:H PV) cells were studied in the absence and presence of the perovskite and parylene luminescent down-shifting layers. The incorporation of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and their encapsulation with the parylene type C polymeric coating led to an increase in the current generated and the spectral response of the PV cells in the regime of the nanocrystals' fluorescence emission. A 3.1% increase in the short circuit current density and a 5.6% increase in the power conversion efficiency were observed.

Infrared Characterization of Isotopic Analogues of Methanediol in Aqueous Solution.

Dissolved methanediol in aqueous solution has been treated as the precursor for the formation of atmospheric formic acid in multiphase environments. In this work, methanediol, CH2(OH)2, and its isotopic analogues, CH2(OD)2, CD2(OH)2, and CD2(OD)2, in aqueous solution were prepared by dissolving paraformaldehyde and deuterium-substituted paraformaldehyde powders in H2O and D2O under reflux. Their infrared absorption contours of formaldehyde solutions at concentrations of <1 wt % are not dependent on the concentration, mainly referring to the characteristics of the monomeric configuration, and can be categorized into two parts. At wavenumbers >2000 cm-1, broad bands of moderate strengths were ascribed to the stretching modes of two OH or OD groups, observed at 3000-3700 and 2050-2750 cm-1, respectively. At wavenumbers of 950-1200 cm-1, the isotopic analogues of methanediols composed of CH2 moieties are featured with a singlet strong band at ca. 1030 cm-1, mainly attributed to the O-C-O stretching modes; the isotopic methanediols containing CD2 moieties manifested two intense bands at ca. 1100 and 980 cm-1, majorly enveloping the CD2 deformation and O-C-O stretching modes. The aforementioned spectral features were assigned on the basis of density functional theory, ωB97XD, with the basis set aug-cc-pVTZ and the solvent effect using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model. In addition, the predicted energetics suggested that the trans-methanediol is more stable than the cis- conformer by ca. 0.62 kcal mol-1 and majorly contributes to the infrared features. At higher concentrations of CH2(OH)2, extra bands at 920 and 1104 cm-1 appeared and were attributed to the C-O-C stretching modes of the dimeric/polymeric methanediol; that is, HO(CH2O)nH, n ≥ 2. These infrared characterizations of the isotopic analogues of methanediols provided suitable detection windows in the relevant atmospheric and aerosol reactions in the laboratory studies.

Research of AQUILA molecular cloud on formaldehyde (H2CO) wave length based on radioastronomic observations

One of the most important tasks of astrophysics is to study areas and processes of star formation. Since the molecular clouds of the interstellar medium of the Galaxy are the most important structures in the regions of star formation, the study of their composition, internal structure, origin and evolution will make a significant contribution to solving this problem. A molecular cloud is a type of interstellar cloud whose density and size allow molecules and various complex compounds to form in it. Because of their complex structure, molecules have a lot of spectral lines in the radio range. In this regard, in this study, we studied the data of radio astronomy observations at the wavelength of a formaldehyde molecule (H2CO). The aim of this study is to search for star formation regions in the early stages of evolution by studying the Aquila molecular cloud at the wavelength of a formaldehyde molecule (H2CO). This study presents the results of the first radio astronomical observations of the H2CO formaldehyde molecule in the southern regions of W40 and Serpens South of the Aquila molecular cloud, obtained during February 2015 at the 26m Nanshan radio telescope of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Data were obtained on the absorption line of formaldehyde H2CO (l10-l11)&nbsp; (λ=6 см, ν0 = 4829.6594 МHz). The study also used archival data obtained by observing 12СО(2−1) and 13CO(2−1) and 6 cm continuum molecules for the Aquila Rift region. Maps of the integral absorption intensity of H2CO, maps of the distribution of the centroid rate of absorption of H2CO and 13CO radiation (1−0), distributions of the 6 cm radio continuum superimposed on integrated H2CO absorption contours, a map of the H2CO line width, the distribution of the excitation temperature &nbsp;&nbsp;of the H2CO absorption lines, and H2CO channel velocity to the Aquila molecular cloud. The H2CO excitation &nbsp;was determined by which a new star formation region was detected in the Serpens 3 region.

A Computational Study on the Reduction Behavior of Iron Ore/Carbon Composite Pellets in Both Single and Multi-layer Bed Rotary Hearth Furnace

A phenomenological model for the reduction of iron ore/carbon composite pellets in a multi-layer bed rotary hearth furnace has been developed. A single pellet model has been scaled up to a multi-pellet layer version in a computationally efficient way. The multi-layer pellet bed has been conceived as single column of identical pellets in a rectangular enclosure, assuming symmetry of the pellet bed in horizontal direction. The column walls are considered opaque with respect to heat transfer but allow heat radiation to reach the pellet surface through multiple reflections from the wall. The time-temperature-transformation and time-temperature-chemical heat absorption contours are presented to provide a better understanding of the reduction process. Finally, the net heat flux and carbon monoxide generation, emerging from the multi-layer bed system has been generated, which may be used as source and sink terms for CFD simulations in the free board of the RHF.

Интерпретация радиоастрономических наблюдений H2CO и H110α в областях звездообразования W40 и Serpens South молекулярного облака Aquila

This study presents the results of radio astronomy observations of the absorption spectral lines of a formaldehyde molecule (H2CO) and the H110α recombination line towards the Aquila molecular cloud. The paper interprets the radio astronomy observations of H2CO (l10-l11) and H110α in the W40 and Serpens South of the Aquila Rift molecular complex, which were obtained by the 26 m Nan-Shan radio telescope of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to construct radio maps, we also used archival data obtained by observing 12СО(2−1) and 13CO(2−1) and 6 cm continuum molecules for the Aquila Rift region. Based on the obtained observational data, the optical depth and column density were calculated for the H2CO absorption line and 13CO emission line (J = 1-0), integrated intensity maps were constructed with the ionized hydrogen region H II and imposed contours that correspond to the absorption lines of H2CO and the recombination line H110α in the direction of the Aquila molecular cloud; maps of radiation intensity 13CO (1−0), distribution of 6 cm of the radio continuum, infrared radiation superimposed on integrated absorption contours of H2CO; dependences of linear flows and peak column densities for H2CO and 13CO are obtained. In the work it is shown that the Serpens South region, highlighted by the contours during the absorption of formaldehyde H2CO, comes from the cosmic microwave background. A correlation was found between the parameter values ​​for the H2CO absorption line and the 13CO emission line. Integrated intensity maps were constructed for various values ​​of the channel velocity of the H2CO absorption line in the direction of the Aquila molecular cloud. It was revealed that the rates of H2CO and 13CO have close values ​​to each other. An analysis of the study led to the conclusion that the absorption lines of the H2CO formaldehyde molecule and the 13CO emission lines originate from the same region in the Aquila Rift complex of the Aquila molecular cloud.

Influence of Lipid Compositions in the Events of Retinal Schiff Base of Bacteriorhodopsin Embedded in Covalently Circularized Nanodiscs: Thermal Isomerization, Photoisomerization, and Deprotonation.

Covalently circularized nanodiscs using circular membrane scaffold protein (MSP) serve as a suitable membrane mimetic for transmembrane proteins by providing stability and tunability in lipid compositions, providing controllable biological environments for targeted proteins. In this work, monomeric bacteriorhodopsin (mbR) was embedded in lipid nanodiscs of different lipid compositions using negatively charged lipid dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and the zwitterion lipid dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and the events associated with the retinal Schiff base, including the thermal isomerization during the dark adaptation, photoisomerization, and deprotonation, were investigated. The retinal thermal isomerization from all-trans, 15-anti to the 13-cis, 15-syn configuration during the dark adaptation was accelerated in the DOPG bilayer, whereas the processes in the DOPC bilayer and in Triton X-100 micelles were similar. This observation indicated that the negatively charged lipid reduced the barrier for retinal thermal isomerization at C13═C14-C15═N in the ground electronic state. Furthermore, the broader absorption contour of mbR in the DOPC nanodisc probably indicated various retinal isomers in the light-adapted state, consistent with the observed nontwo-state dark adaptation kinetics. Moreover, the kinetics of the photoisomerization of the retinal was slightly decelerated upon increasing the content of DOPC. However, the cascading deprotonation of the protonated Schiff base is not dependent on the types of the surrounding lipids in the nanodiscs. In summary, our research deepens the understanding of the coupling between lipid membrane and the photochemistry of bR retinal Schiff base. Combined with the results of our previous works (Lee, T.-Y.; Yeh, V.; Chuang, J.; Chan, J. C. C.; Chu, L.-K.; Yu, T.-Y. Biophys. J. 2015, 109, 1899-1906; Kao, Y.-M.; Cheng, C.-H.; Syue, M.-L.; Huang, H.-Y.; Chen, I-C.; Yu, T.-Y.; Chu, L.-K. J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 2032-2039), these outcomes extend our understanding of the control of photochemistry and biophysical events for other photosynthetic proteins via altering the lipid environments.

Modification of D2-line absorption contours of alkali atoms in antirelaxation coated cells

Absorption features in cells with antirelaxation coating in D2 -lines of alkali metal atoms due to the competition of cyclic and open transitions lying within the Doppler contour are studied. In cells of this type ensemble of atoms is optically pumped over all velocities and the entire volume of the cell during the characteristic time T, which noticeably exceeds local pumping times related to resonant atomic velocities. If the frequency scanning T, the retardation effect results in significant distortion of the laser wave absorption contour and to emergence of the hysteresis phenomenon. The developed theory for a realistic scheme of atomic levels with one cyclic and two open transitions describes experimentally observed absorption contours, their dependence on the light power and the frequency scanning direction.

Multicharacteristic Behavior of Tyrosine Present in the Microdomains of the Macromolecule Gum Arabic at Various pH Conditions.

Gum arabic (GA), the dried exudates of Acacia seyal and Acacia senegal trees, being a biopolymer, has found many applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and lithography industries. GA, a water-soluble food hydrocolloid, is a complex and variable mixture of arabinogalactan oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins. It has been a subject of great interest and a wide range of research has been done on the polysaccharide structural aspects and the emulsifying properties only. In the present study, fluorescence spectral technique is employed as an analytical tool to understand the photophysics of GA. The tyrosine microenvironment of GA was explored by studying the steady-state absorption, emission, fluorescence lifetime, and three-dimensional (3D) emission contour spectra of GA at various pH conditions in aqueous solution. The multiple emissive states are attributed to the presence of intrinsic fluorophore tyrosine in a heterogeneous microenvironment. The study portrays the multicharacteristic behavior of tyrosine in various pH conditions and in different microdomains. The exposure of the buried tyrosine to the heterogeneous aqueous phase was authenticated by 3D emission contour spectral studies. An interesting visualization of tyrosine involving in hydrogen-bonding network with another tyrosine moiety at neutral pH was ascertained. The coexistence of hydrophilic carbohydrate and hydrophobic protein in GA enables its emulsification and stabilization properties. Hence, any advancement toward understanding the protein microenvironment of GA is of great significance for chemists, as the molecular modeling and biosynthesis of the gum with desired end product are underway in many research institutes.

Tracking coherent population transfer and thermal population relaxation in condensed system by broad-band transient grating spectroscopy

Broad-band transient grating (BB-TG) spectroscopy was proposed to track both coherent population transfer (CPT) and thermal population relaxation processes in a condensed system of solvated molecules in solution (Rhodamine101 in methanol). A broad band around 1500 cm−1 and a relative narrow band near 2900 cm−1 emerge in TG and transient absorption contour plots when pump and probe pulses overlap in the sample. The experimental results matched well with the vibrational modes of Rhodamine101 that were obtained by theoretical calculation. In addition, it was found that the population of CPT particles can be evaluated quantitatively through the intensity of the TG signal.

The Effect of an Antirelaxation Coating on Absorption in the D2 Lines of Alkali Metals

The specific features of absorption in a cell with an antirelaxation coating related to optical pumping and a finite rate of laser-frequency scanning are studied. The internal state of an atom in such cells is likely to remain unaltered after a collision with a wall. This results in optical pumping of an atomic ensemble over all velocities and the entire cell volume. Both the frequency corresponding to the maximum absorption in the D2 line of 133Cs and the absorption maximum itself depend on the sign of laser-frequency scanning. A theoretical model attributing the power dependence of asymmetry of the absorption contour of the 133Cs D2 line to the presence of cyclic transition levels in the system is presented.

ВЫБОР ПАРАМЕТРОВ ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИЛЬТРОВ ПРИ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ

In various fields of knowledge when studying changing processes, the response received by a physical instrument allows to nominally divide the analyzed signal into two components: “useful” signal and “disturbances” signal. In particular, while solving tasks on qualitative and quantitative spectrophotometric analysis there occur problems with distortion of absorption bands by disturbances of various natures: presence of uncompensated atmosphere absorption spectra, influence of spectra of molecules adsorbed on a sample’s surface, presence of interference noise in thin and multi-layer objects. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the influence of filtration of model absorption spectrum by median filter and Savitzky–Golay filters of zero-first order (SG0), second-third order (SG2), and fourth-fifth order (SG4). The model spectrum was described by Gauss and Lorentz absorption contours. Based on the results of the numerical experiment recommendations are given on optimal filtration of experimental absorption spectra of condensed mediums for their further analysis and processing: – for complete suppression of “disturbances” absorption bands the use of median filter is preferable, while for Gauss contour the filter bandwidth should be 5 times bigger than the full width at the half height of the suppressed absorption band, and for Lorentz contour this ratio should exceed 20; – changing of the relative intensity of the “useful” signal absorption band by less than 1 % is fulfilled at a certain relative bandwidth. In case of Gauss absorption band the relative bandwidth for median filter should not exceed 0,2, for filters SG0 – 0,2, SG2 – 0,9, SG4 – 1,6. For Lorentz contour this ratio should for median filter not exceed 0,2, for filters SG0 – 0,2, SG2 – 0,7, SG4 – 1,1.

Tuning the Photocycle Kinetics of Bacteriorhodopsin in Lipid Nanodiscs

Monodisperse lipid nanodiscs are particularly suitable for characterizing membrane protein in near-native environment. To study the lipid-composition dependence of photocycle kinetics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), transient absorption spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the evolution of the photocycle intermediates of bR reconstituted in nanodiscs composed of different ratios of the zwitterionic lipid (DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine; DOPC, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine) to the negatively charged lipid (DOPG, dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol; DMPG, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol). The characterization of ion-exchange chromatography showed that the negative surface charge of nanodiscs increased as the content of DOPG or DMPG was increased. The steady-state absorption contours of the light-adapted monomeric bR in nanodiscs composed of different lipid ratios exhibited highly similar absorption features of the retinal moiety at 560 nm, referring to the conservation of the tertiary structure of bR in nanodiscs of different lipid compositions. In addition, transient absorption contours showed that the photocycle kinetics of bR was significantly retarded and the transient populations of intermediates N and O were decreased as the content of DMPG or DOPG was reduced. This observation could be attributed to the negatively charged lipid heads of DMPG and DOPG, exhibiting similar proton relay capability as the native phosphatidylglycerol (PG) analog lipids in the purple membrane. In this work, we not only demonstrated the usefulness of nanodiscs as a membrane-mimicking system, but also showed that the surrounding lipids play a crucial role in altering the biological functions, e.g., the ion translocation kinetics of the transmembrane proteins.

Photochemistry of a dual-bacteriorhodopsin system in Haloarcula marismortui: HmbRI and HmbRII.

Recently, a dual-bacteriorhodopsin system, containing HmbRI and HmbRII, has been found in Haloarcula marismortui (Mol. Microbiol. 2013, 88, 551-561), and the light-driven proton pump activities were intrinsically different in a wide pH range. Compared with bacteriorhodopsin in H. salinarum (HsbR), the identical steady-state absorption contours of HsbR and HmbRs in the visible range indicated similarities in the retinal pocket. In addition, other reactive residues, including the proton relay channel, proton release group, and proton collecting funnel at the cytoplasm, were mostly conserved. We employed transient absorption spectroscopy and global analysis to characterize the photocycle intermediates and kinetics of HmbRI and HmbRII in the pH range of 4-8. The features of the time-resolved difference spectra of HmbRI indicated that the photocycle of HmbRI mainly followed the conventional pathway, including intermediates M, N, and O. A minute bypassed pathway from intermediate M needed to be included to better match the experimental data. The corresponding intermediate M' is attributed to the all-trans deprotonated Schiff base retinal, indicating the occurrence of retinal reisomerization prior to the reprotonation of the deprotonated Schiff base following the decay of intermediate M. Regarding HmbRII, its photocycle only followed the intermediates M and N, without intermediate O. The plausible molecular mechanisms, including the effects of the lengths of the loops and the distribution of the charged residues in the bacterio-opsin interior, were proposed to explain the differences in the photocycles. The pH-dependent photocycles were also investigated, and the results supported our proposed mechanism. Unravelling the photocycles of the HmbRs in the Haloarcula marismortui provided evidence that not only expanding the functional pH ranges but also the turnover kinetics are the strategies of the dual-bR system in the evolution of microbes in extreme environments.

Modeling of photocurrent kinetics upon pulsed photoexcitation of photosynthetic proteins: A case of bacteriorhodopsin

The proton pump of bacteriorhodopsin in an aqueous solution at varied pH upon pulsed excitation was monitored using a solution-based electrochemical module. The photocurrent action spectrum agreed with the absorption contour at 495–645nm. Diminishing the photocurrent amplitude by adding a protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, revealed that protons were the charge carriers of the photocurrent. The evolution of the conventional proton pump is proposed to occur in three elementary steps consecutively: first, the proton relay from the protonated Schiff base to the purple membrane (PM) surface (k1), then the proton exchange between PM surface and bulk (k2), and finally, the proton uptake (k3). The fitted temporal profiles of the photocurrent agreed with observations in the pH range 5.8–9.5. At pH7.3, k1, k2, and k3 were 2098s−1, 412s−1, and 44s−1, respectively. The rate coefficients at pH9.5 were smaller than those at pH6.3 by a factor of approximately 2, consistent with the differences in the intrinsic mobilities of the charge carriers proton and hydroxide ion. The combination of the electrochemical detection module and the concomitant model provides a promising tool for quantitative and qualitative characterization of the light-driven ion pumps.

Combined Magneto-Electric Spin Resonance of Impurity Ho Ions in Synthetic Forsterite

Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of impurity holmium ions in synthetic forsterite have been studied on an ELEXSYS E580 spectrometer equipped with a cylindrical dielectric resonator ER4118MD5-W1 of the Flexline series. Resonance lines of the anomalous shape demonstrating the absorption contour instead of its derivative were observed at the conventional operation mode with the magnetic field modulation. The conditions of the appearance of anomalous signals and their characteristics have been studied. The anomalous lines shape effect was explained by the simultaneous excitation of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transitions between electron-nuclear spin sublevels of the holmium ions.

Ionization within the Local Cavity by Hot White Dwarfs

ABSTRACTWe present estimates of the contribution from 33 nearby (d < 100 pc) hot DA white dwarfs to the total ionization of the Local Cavity. The EUV spectra of these white dwarfs have been derived using non-LTE stellar atmosphere models (with the inclusion of metals where necessary) to calculate the incident flux at the Earth using up-to-date distances and interstellar column densities. Our model spectra give a very good approximation to the spectra obtained with observations from the NASA Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite. The number of Lyman continuum photons per second emitted by each of the white dwarfs for wavelengths over the 30–912 Å range was then derived. Using these numbers, the respective sizes of the ionized Strömgren spheres of HII were then calculated for each star under the assumption of ambient interstellar electron density values of ne = 0.04 cm-3 and 0.10 cm-3. The location and sizes of these ionized regions have been plotted on a 3D map of the neutral absorption contours of the local ISM, as derived for both in-plane and out of plane directions. A similar procedure was also carried out for the determination of the sizes of the ionized HeII regions surrounding the same 33 white dwarfs. We conclude that only a few of the very hottest DA white dwarfs located within the Local Cavity can possess appreciably sized ionized Strömgren spheres of HII and HeII. The size of these ionized regions can potentially range between 20 pc and 40 pc in diameter, dependent on the ambient value of the electron density of the interstellar medium. However, the volumetric filling factor of these ionized spheres within the Local Cavity is small (∼6%), even at the lowest value of electron density considered in this study (i.e., ne = 0.04 cm-3). Thus, the contribution from DA white dwarfs to the ionization of both the local interstellar cloud complex and other clouds located within the Local Cavity is of secondary importance compared to the ionization contribution provided by the two early B-type stars of ϵ and β CMa.

Synthesis and growth of ZnGeP2 crystals: Prevention of non-stoichiometry

The causes of non-stoichiometry in both synthesis and growth process of ZnGeP2 (ZGP) have been studied. The effects of mechanical oscillation (MO) and gradient cooling (GC) techniques employed in the synthesis of ZnGeP2 polycrystals have been investigated. X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) has identified that phosphorus was the main loss component. The growth of ZnGeP2 crystal was carried out in a three-section vertical Bridgman (VB) furnace. A certain amount of phosphorus was added to ZnGeP2 polycrystals before growth. The temperature gradients were controlled at 10–15°C/cm within crystallization zone. A ZnGeP2 crystal with the size of Φ25mm×55mm was obtained. The proportions of P, Ge and Zn in the grown crystal were measured with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the grown crystal has good stoichiometry and homogeneity. Infrared transmittance and absorption spectra show that the crystal has low absorption in 2.0–10.0μm range. Absorption contour maps by automatic infrared microscope demonstrate that optical homogeneity of grown crystal is good.

Absorption and Evaporation Mass Transfer Simulation of a Droplet by Finite Volume Method and SIMPLEC Algorithm

In this paper, a numerical model is developed to simulate single droplet heat and mass transfer in a two-pieces solution with a saturated solvent vapor environment. Finite volume method and transient SIMPLEC algorithm in spherical coordinates system used for simulation. For simulation of the mass transfer, dimensionless equations of motion, heat transfer and mass transfer (based on mass ratio) are solved simultaneously. All the thermodynamic and transitional solution properties have been considered as a function of temperature and concentration. Verification of method is done by compare these numerical results with analytical and numerical analysis of other studies. Evaporation, absorption and condensation contours in a water droplet at uniform temperature at superheated water vapor and Distribution of Droplet's Surface Temperature, Constant Temperature and concentration lines as the modeling results are presented. The results are shown that 0.5% increase of concentration of droplet cause increase 8 degree C of mean temperature of droplet.

Calculation of absorption contours and excitation selectivity of isotopic molecules 12CO and 13CO for implementation of photocatalytic reactions

The possibilities of the isotope-selective excitation of molecules by CO laser radiation. More specifically, the problem of determining the conditions of the preferable excitation of heavy isotope 3C18O compared to the light isotope 12C18O is set. A carbon monoxide molecule is capable of absorbing at hundreds of vibrational-rotational lines within the principal absorption band of the CO molecule over the 1200–2600 cm−1 range. Since radiation absorption is negligibly low in the frequency range below 1900 cm-1 and there are no appreciably efficient radiation sources over the 2200–2600 cm−1 range in which absorption can be observed, the 1900–2200 cm−1 frequency range is considered in this work. The presented calculations may refer to the selective excitation of the gas phase in bulk and in gas absorbed on the surface.