Absolute Sign Research Articles

BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS OF IMPACTION BONE GRAFTING IN THE ACETABULAR REVISION (EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL WORK)

Introduction. The modern features of the revision hip arthroplasty are the increase of the number early revisions and young age of patients. Bone defect management in this category is especially relevant. The leading role in long-term survival using impaction bone grafting (IBG) is given to the mechanical properties of the graft. The purpose of the study is to explore the mechanical properties of osteoplastic material and determine the effect of cyclic loads on dynamic changes in the position of the acetabular component after revision hip arthroplasty using (IBG). Materials and methods. A single-cycle constrained compression experiment was carried out on morselized xenobone. Cyclic tests were carried out at the second stage of the study. Clinical interpretation of biomechanics was carried out on the radiographic data by changes in the acetabular position. Results. Stress-strain dependences and instantaneous elastic moduli were obtained. The increase of the instantaneous elastic modulus during cyclic tests was obtained by 2.6 times for a “dry” specimen and from 3.9 to 4.7 times with liquid. The shift of the center rotation cranially and laterally was noted in the first case is 2.4 and 1.5 mm, in the second is 14.9 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The change in the inclination was 18.7º in the first case and 19.8º in the second. The Hip Harris Score (HHS) was 97 points in the first case, 53 points in the second. Conclusions: 1. The material used for IBG is subject to deformation in the postoperative period. 2. Compression tests suggested that the deformation of impacted bone graft in the postoperative period gradually tends to reach a plateau, and with the completion of the deformation, migration of the acetabular component stops. 3. A change of the acetabular component position in the absence of a radiolucent line is not an absolute sign of loosening.

Design of a differentiable L-1 norm for pattern recognition and machine learning

In various applications of pattern recognition, feature selection, and machine learning, L-1 norm is used as either an objective function or a regularizer. Mathematically, L-1 norm has unique characteristics that make it attractive in machine learning, feature selection, optimization, and regression. Computationally, however, L-1 norm presents a hurdle as it is non-differentiable, making the process of finding a solution difficult. Existing approach therefore relies on numerical approaches. In this work we designed an L-1 norm that is differentiable and, thus, has an analytical solution. The differentiable L-1 norm removes the absolute sign in the conventional definition and is everywhere differentiable. The new L-1 norm is almost everywhere linear, a desirable feature that is also present in the conventional L-1 norm. The only limitation of the new L-1 norm is that near zero, its behavior is not linear, hence we consider the new L-1 norm quasi-linear. Being differentiable, the new L-1 norm and its quasi-linear variation make them amenable to analytic solutions. Hence, it can facilitate the development and implementation of many algorithms involving L-1 norm. Our tests validate the capability of the new L-1 norm in various applications.

Finally: The X-ray crystal structure of the illusive unsubstituted iron(III) phthalocyanine μ-oxo(1) dimer. DFT-predicted Mössbauer quadrupole splitting and antiferromagnetic coupling constants for X-ray geometry

The molecular structure of the unsubstituted iron(III) phthalocyanine [Formula: see text]-oxo(1) dimer ((PcFe)2O) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In agreement with the earlier speculations, the dimer has a bent (Fe-O-Fe angle is 152.4[Formula: see text]) structure. The interplay between the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interactions and steric hindrances caused by the isoindole units led to the observed staggering angle of [Formula: see text]24[Formula: see text] between two phthalocyanine ligands. The high-spin iron(III) centers are located significantly above the phthalocyanine N4 planes (0.57–0.58 Å). Several DFT exchange-correlation functionals were used to calculate the absolute value and sign of the Mössbauer quadrupole splitting and antiferromagnetic coupling constant for X-ray determined geometry of (PcFe)2O. It was demonstrated that the hybrid functionals provide the correct sign of the electric field gradient and the magnitude of the antiferromagnetic coupling constant compared to the pure functionals.

The Temperature Factor in Selecting the Areas of Subaqueous Discharge of Near-Surface Water

This article considers the theoretical grounds for advancing the existing aquatic research techniques, including a complex of thermometry and resistivimetry methods. The transient processes that influence the temperature change in the “water–air” system were explored. The need to take into account the thermal characteristics of all elements involved was highlighted. Using the theory of heat exchange and the idea that the water source can be distinguished from the general temperature field, a formula for measuring the general temperature field was derived. It was found that the areas of subaqueous discharge of near-surface water can be localized by the temperature difference between the watercourses and the water source. The multivariate analysis based on the absolute value and sign of the difference temperature parameter was used to determine the salinity value and the changes of the salinity type with depth. The criteria obtained during the theoretical studies were successfully tested and verified on a watercourse located within the industrial agglomeration of the Perm region, which indicates their high potential for solving practical hydrogeological problems.

Quantitative analysis of infectious precocity virus load and stunted growth syndrome via an immunohistochemical assay and reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii) is susceptible to a flavivirus known as the infectious precocity virus (IPV). The symptoms of infection, such as sexual precocity and stunted growth, collectively constitute what is referred to as iron prawn syndrome (IPS). IPV manifests as a persistent, long-term infection marked by subtle morphological changes that pose challenges for detection. Prawns suspected of early-stage infection do not necessarily present clear clinical signs. This study investigated IPV diagnostics based on clinical signs, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in prawns suspected of IPV-infection. We also explored the correlations among the three diagnostic approaches. Some clinical signs are easily observable, such as shorter body length, mature gonads, elongated blue claws, blue tailfins, and darker body coloration; however, they are not absolute signs of infection. Additionally, many infected prawns do not exhibit clear clinical signs during the early stages. We produced anti-IPV serum and then applied it via IHC staining to highlight the location of the virus. Positive signals were observed in the perinuclear cytoplasm of haemocytes in the hepatopancreas, gills, and pereiopods. IPV-positive signals were also detected in support cells within the lamina ganglionaris as well as in neurosecretory cells within the bellonci organ, sinus glands, and the X organ. The detection of IPV-positive signals in prawns without clinical signs demonstrates the value of this diagnostic method. IHC analysis was used to distinguish between IPV-positive and IPV-negative prawns, and also used in conjunction with RT-qPCR to quantify viral loads in these two groups. The IPV viral loads were as follows: IHC-positive prawns (> 103.5 copies/ μg) and IHC-negative prawns (< 103.5 copies/ μg). Note that the highest numbers of viral copies were observed in pleopods, which are easily obtained and do not necessitate sacrificing the animal. In conclusion, the correlation between viral load and IHC pathological diagnosis could be used to identify cases of IPV infection, while providing valuable insights into disease prevention and prognosis.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ АЛГОРИТМА ТОЧНОГО ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ МОДУЛЬНЫХ ЛИНЕЙНЫХ РЕГРЕССИЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДА НАИМЕНЬШИХ МОДУЛЕЙ

This article is devoted to the study of the algorithm for exact estimation of modular linear regression models using the least absolute deviations. Such models contain a mathematical operation module and are linear in factors, but nonlinear in parameters, regressions. Previously, a special algorithm was developed to exact estimate them using the least absolute deviations. Its essence is that by manually going through all possible combinations of absolute values signs and solving a mixed integer 0-1 linear programming problem for each case, the best model in terms of the sum of absolute residuals is selected. To implement this algorithm, the MODULIR-1 software package was previously developed. The disadvantage of the algorithm is that, in total, quite a lot of time is spent on its implementation. This paper proposes a new and improved algorithm for exact estimation of modular regressions. In it, instead of solving a series of mixed integer 0-1 linear programming problems, you only need to solve one single problem. The developed algorithm is implemented in the new version of the MODULIR-1 program. To compare the effectiveness of the old and new algorithms using the example of chemical data processing, computational experiments were carried out. In six out of seven cases, the new algorithm turned out to be more effective than the existing one. When constructing the most computationally complex modular regression, the estimation time decreased by 74.3%. The modular regression constructed as a result of the experiments based on the sum of absolute residuals turned out to be approximately 2.3 times better than the classical linear regression. At the same time, the number of zero residues in modular regression also turned out to be greater.

The degree of engagement of cardiac and sympathetic arms of the baroreflex does not depend on the absolute value and sign of arterial pressure variations

Objective. The percentages of cardiac and sympathetic baroreflex patterns detected via baroreflex sequence (SEQ) technique from spontaneous variability of heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and of muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSNA) burst rate and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) are utilized to assess the level of the baroreflex engagement. The cardiac baroreflex patterns can be distinguished in those featuring both HP and SAP increases (cSEQ++) and decreases (cSEQ−−), while the sympathetic baroreflex patterns in those featuring a MSNA burst rate decrease and a DAP increase (sSEQ+−) and vice versa (sSEQ−+). The present study aims to assess the modifications of the involvement of the cardiac and sympathetic arms of the baroreflex with age and postural stimulus intensity. Approach. We monitored the percentages of cSEQ++ (%cSEQ++) and cSEQ−− (%cSEQ−−) in 100 healthy subjects (age: 21–70 years, 54 males, 46 females), divided into five sex-balanced groups consisting of 20 subjects in each decade at rest in supine position and during active standing (STAND). We evaluated %cSEQ++, %cSEQ−−, and the percentages of sSEQ+− (%sSEQ+−) and sSEQ−+ (%sSEQ−+) in 12 young healthy subjects (age 23 ± 2 years, 3 females, 9 males) undergoing incremental head-up tilt. Main results. We found that: (i) %cSEQ++ and %cSEQ−− decreased with age and increased with STAND and postural stimulus intensity; (ii) %sSEQ+− and %sSEQ−+ augmented with postural challenge magnitude; (iii) the level of cardiac and sympathetic baroreflex engagement did not depend on either the absolute value of arterial pressure or the direction of its changes. Significance. This study stresses the limited ability of the cardiac and sympathetic arms of the baroreflex in controlling absolute arterial pressure values and the equivalent ability of both positive and negative arterial pressure changes in soliciting them.

Incoherent Nonreciprocal Absorbance Circular Dichroism of Uniaxial Assemblies.

Analytical theory is proposed predicting remarkably large and fully electric-dipole-allowed circular dichroism (CD) in electronic ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance spectroscopy of uniaxial surface assemblies. Partial depolarization of the transmitted beam provides a pathway for surface-specific and chiral-specific dissymmetry parameters that are orders of magnitude greater than those from analogous measurements of isotropic systems. Predictions of the model generated using ab initio quantum chemical calculations with no adjustable parameters agreed with UV-vis absorbance CD measurements of naproxen microcrystals prepared on hydrophilic substrates. Notably, these calculations correctly predicted (i) the key spectroscopic features, (ii) the relative magnitudes of chiral-specific peaks in the CD spectrum, (iii) the absolute CD sign, and (iv) the reciprocal CD sign inversion arising from sample reorientation in the instrument. These results connect the molecular structure and orientation to large CD observable in oriented thin-film assemblies, with the potential for further extension to broad classes of chiral-specific spectral analyses.

Theory and generation of heterogeneous 2D arrays of optical vortices by using 2D fork-shaped gratings: topological charge and power sharing management.

In this work, by providing comprehensive theoretical foundations, we revisit and improve a simple and efficient method that has been used for generation of 2D orthogonal arrays of optical vortices with components having different topological charges (TCs). This method has been implemented by the diffraction of a plane wave from 2D gratings where the gratings' profiles are determined by iterative computational process. Here, based on the theoretical predictions, specifications of the diffraction gratings can be easily adjusted in a way to generate experimentally a heterogeneous vortex array with the desired power shares among different elements of the array. We use the diffraction of a Gaussian beam from a class of pure phase 2D orthogonal periodic structures having sinusoidal or binary profiles possessing a phase singularity, calling pure phase 2D fork-shaped gratings (FSGs). The transmittance of each of the introduced gratings is obtained by multiplying the transmittance of two pure phase 1D FSGs along x and y directions, having topological defect numbers lx and ly and phase variation amplitudes γx and γy, respectively. By solving the Fresnel integral, we show that the diffraction of a Gaussian beam from a pure phase 2D FSG leads to generation of a 2D array of vortex beams having different TCs and power shares. The power distribution among the generated optical vortices over the different diffraction orders can be adjusted by γx and γy, and it strongly depends on the profile of the grating. Meanwhile the TCs of the generated vortices depend on lx and ly and the corresponding diffraction orders, namely lm,n = -(mlx + nly) presents the TC of (m, n)th diffraction order. We recorded the intensity patterns of the experimentally generated vortex arrays which are fully consistent with the theoretically predicted results. Furthermore, the TCs of the experimentally generated vortices are measured individually by the diffraction of each of them through a pure amplitude quadratic curved-line (parabolic-line) grating. The absolute values and signs of the measured TCs are consistent with the theoretical prediction. The generated configuration of vortices with adjustable TC and power sharing features might find many applications such as non-homogeneous mixing of a solution consisting trapped particles.

PS-C14-9: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE

Objective: To conduct a differential diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart. Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without left ventricle outflow tract obstruction, mean age 57.3 ± 9.5 years, 26 women and 30 patients with hypertensive heart, mean age 49.0 ± 8.7 years, 21 men. Results: The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was established on the basis of clinical and anamnestic data, electrocardiography and echocardiography, genetics, upon detection of left ventricle myocardial hypertrophy with a maximum wall thickness of &gt; 15 mm without dilatation of its cavity in the absence of other heart diseases. Hypertensive heart was diagnosed in patients with left ventricle myocardial hypertrophy &gt; 12 mm due to hypertension. Hypertonic disease was detected according to the data of 24 hour blood pressure monitoring when systolic blood pressure &gt; 135 mm Hg was recorded during wakefulness, diastolic &gt; 85 mm Hg. The patients of both groups were comparable in terms of gender and age. Left ventricle myocardial mass index, interventricular septum thickness in diastole in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy significantly exceeded those in patients with hypertensive heart. The thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle was almost the same in both groups. The maximum pressure gradient in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at a load of 9 to 22 mm Hg. According to blood pressure monitoring data, arterial hypertension was detected in 65% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The degree of arterial hypertension was higher in patients with hypertensive heart. Exercise tolerance in patients with hypertension was higher than 111.0 ± 22.2. The maximum systolic blood pressure at the peak of physical activity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly lower than in hypertensive heart 159.6 ± 21.1 and 196 ± 7.9 mmHg. Dyspnea as a reason for discontinuation of the test was more often observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 39% and 5%. In 26% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, frequent ventricular extrasystole occurred at the height of the load, and no rhythm disturbances were recorded in patients with hypertensive heart. Conclusion: According to echocardiography data, there was no significant difference; systolic blood pressure at the height of the load in patients with hypertensive heart was significantly higher. Despite the above differences between patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart, it is not possible to single out an absolute sign that allows for a differential diagnosis. Important is the history of the disease, complaints and genetic analysis to identify mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Clinical and prognostic characteristics of &lt;I&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/I&gt;-associated breast cancer depending on the type of mutation: estrogen signaling pathway and secondary tumors

Background. Currently, there is growth evidence on prognostic and clinical differences in breast cancer (BC) associated with different types of BRCA1 / 2 mutations. At the same time, a triple negative tumor phenotype is not an absolute pathognomonic sign of BRCA1 / 2-associated cancer, where luminal phenotypes are being detected increasingly. In addition, attention is paid to the significance of estrogen signaling mechanism depending on the surrogate tumor type, including a triple negative phenotype due to alternative mechanisms.Objective: to evaluate significance of BRCA1 / 2-mutations in luminal BC subtypes and multiple tumors.Materials and methods. A prospective study conducted in Clinical Oncology Dispensary No. 1 in Krasnodar included 443 patients with breast cancer who underwent a genetic analysis on BRCA1 / 2 genes status by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In diagnostic cases of luminal phenotype and multiple cancers histological material and blood were sent to the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russia to assess the mutation status of the BRCA1 / 2, ATM, CHEK2, NBS1, PALB2 genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Statistical analysis of clinical and morphological parameters correlated with mutational status was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.22 statistical package.Results. An interim analysis of data in April 2022 showed that 71 out of 304 breast cancer patients tested by polymerase chain reaction were found to be carriers of BRCA1 gene mutations. NGS method revealed 20 additional mutations of the BRCA1 / 2 genes: 11 BRCA1 mutations and 9 BRCA2 mutations. PALB2 mutation was also detected in 1 patient, NBS1 mutation – in 3, CHEK2 mutation – in 2, ATM mutation – in 2 patients. Out of 91 BRCA1 / 2-associated breast cancer 21 BRCA1-mutated tumors and 9 tumors with BRCA2-mutation demonstrated luminal phenotypes. The median age of breast cancer disease did not differ in BRCA1- and BRCA2-carriers (42 years versus 40 years, p ˃0.05). BRCA1 mutations are associated with poor differentiation (G3), BRCA2 mutations are associated with G2 (p ˂0.001). The BRCA2 mutation is characterized by a luminal tumor phenotype (p ˂0.001). There was no association of BRCA1 / BRCA2 gene mutations with T and N status (p ˃0.05). Of the 91 cases of BRCA-deficient tumors, 30 (33 %) patients had primary multiple cancer: 27 (90 %) with germinal mutation BRCA1 and 3 (10 %) with germinal mutation BRCA2. Contralateral breast cancer in the presence of germinal mutation BRCA1 was detected in 14 patients. The frequency of primary multiple cancer and contralateral breast cancer detection did not depend on the type of BRCA1 / 2 mutations (p ˃0.05).Conclusion. With the primary multiplicity of the tumor process and the luminal subtype of the tumor, the determination of mutations by polymerase chain reaction in real time is clearly insufficient. It is obvious that the NGS method can identify additional pathogenic mutations that predict the clinical course and indicate the possibility of personalizing therapy and the need to test relatives, including tumors with luminal phenotype and tumors of several localizations.

Pseudocyesis - where is my fetus? A case report of false pregnancy

A 32-year-old housewife, married, single child to her parents, studied till Bachelor in commerce, hailing from a nuclear family, with well-adjusted premorbid personality, with significant family history of loss of both parents in her early life and being raised by her maternal aunt, with history of multiple failed attempts to conceive naturally and a failed IVF, consulted us following the resolution of her false belief regarding her pregnancy, seeking medication and counselling.Patient had probable signs of pregnancy including enlarged abdomen, weight gain, morning sickness and apparent fetal movements for 12 months with GPE and systemic examinations revealing no absolute signs of pregnancy. And MSE revealing falsely harboured thoughts of having been pregnant during the last 12-13 months which resolved after crossing the expected gestation period. In this case, the patient had introjected the repeated failed attempts to conceive naturally and loss of loved object (namely, her birth father and mother) into her false belief. This patient is unique in having features of both delusion of pregnancy and pseudocyesis as she didn’t have some of the symptoms seen in typical pseudocyesis, like presence of regular menstrual cycles.

Detection and Demultiplexing of Cylindrical Vector Beams Enabled by Rotational Doppler Effect

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) detection is of vital significance in various kinds of studies such as particle observation and mode-division multiplexing (MDM). Herein, a comprehensive detection of CVBs based on the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) including analysis of topological charge (TC), relative amplitude module, and phase for superimposed mode bases is realized. A mode demultiplexing scheme is constructed through the complex amplitude of the harmonic terms in the beating signal. The method resolves both absolute values and signs of the TC of CVB simultaneously, which cannot be simply realized by existing polarization examination techniques. It may be of big potential in related research since an efficient, quantitative, and complete scheme to detect CVBs is verified starting from this work.

Genetic predictors of periodontitis development: problems and prospects (a literature review)

Relevance. Currently, researchers are actively searching for genetic markers of periodontitis. Their detection will allow identifying risk group patients long before the manifestation of the first signs of the disease, predicting the disease course and intensively carrying out preventive measures to eliminate negative environmental factors.Aim – to classify the available data on the genes associated with the development of aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. We found 214 publications published from 2005 to 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Search and eLibrary. One hundred and thirty-five publications were selected, among which are clinical studies and meta-analysis data.Results. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis are typically polygenic. The disease-associated genes are predisposition genes. The presence of an allele associated with the disease in an individual is not an absolute diagnostic sign for the development of the disease. However, it reflects the risk of disease development. The search for genetic markers of periodontitis assigns a crucial role to genes, which encode proteins significant at different stages of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Defensins, interleukins, Toll-like receptors, collagen type I α1 chain and others are among them. To date, the researchers have studied about 300 polymorphisms and have associated some of them with the development of periodontitis.Conclusion. The exact genetic marker of periodontitis is currently unknown. Further search for the candidate genes and additional knowledge of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases are necessary. Determining the disease predisposition will improve the quality of dental care and preventive measures even before the manifestation of the disease.

Absolute sign of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in weak ferromagnets disclosed by polarized neutron diffraction

Absolute sign of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in weak ferromagnets disclosed by polarized neutron diffraction

Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services Management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services Management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

EPR of Photoexcited Triplet-State Acceptor Porphyrins.

The photoexcited triplet states of porphyrin architectures are of significant interest in a wide range of fields including molecular wires, nonlinear optics, and molecular spintronics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a key spectroscopic tool in the characterization of these transient paramagnetic states singularly well suited to quantify spin delocalization. Previous work proposed a means of extracting the absolute signs of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, D and E, and triplet sublevel populations by transient continuous wave, hyperfine measurements, and magnetophotoselection. Here, we present challenges of this methodology for a series of meso-perfluoroalkyl-substituted zinc porphyrin monomers with orthorhombic symmetries, where interpretation of experimental data must proceed with caution and the validity of the assumptions used in the analysis must be scrutinized. The EPR data are discussed alongside quantum chemical calculations, employing both DFT and CASSCF methodologies. Despite some success of the latter in quantifying the magnitude of the ZFS interaction, the results clearly provide motivation to develop improved methods for ZFS calculations of highly delocalized organic triplet states.

Polarization interferometric prism: A versatile tool for generation of vector fields, measurement of topological charges, and implementation of a spin–orbit controlled-Not gate

Optical vortex and vector field are two important types of structured optical fields. Due to their wide applications and unique features in many scientific realms, the generation, manipulation, and measurement of such fields have attracted significant interest and become very important topics. However, most ways to generate vector fields have a trade-off among flexibility, efficiency, stability, and simplicity. Meanwhile, an easy and direct way to measure the topological charges, especially for a high order optical vortex, is still a challenge. Here we design and manufacture a prism: a polarization interferometric prism (PIP) as a single-element interferometer, which can conveniently convert an optical vortex to vector fields with high efficiency and be utilized to precisely measure the topological charge (both absolute value and sign) of an arbitrary optical vortex, even with a high order. Experimentally, we generate a variety of vector fields with global fidelity ranging from 0.963 to 0.993 and measure the topological charge of an optical vortex by counting the number of petals uniformly distributed over a ring on the output intensity patterns. As a versatile tool to generate, manipulate, and detect the spin-orbital state of single photons, PIP can also work in the single-photon regime for quantum information processing. In the experiment, the PIP is utilized as a spin–orbit controlled-Not gate on the generated 28 two-qubit states, achieving the state fidelities ranging from 0.966 to 0.995 and demonstrating the feasibility of the PIP for single photons.

Sepsis: from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction

Based on their extensive experience and literature data, the author outlines difficulties in the morphological diagnosis of sepsis, by taking into account the current clinical classification. Occurring not only in sepsis and lacking clear morphological criteria, a systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction cannot be absolute signs of sepsis diagnosis. The author gives the morphological characteristics of the systemic inflammatory response, septic shock, and organ dysfunction.

Instability of a tangential discontinuity surface in a three-dimensional compressible medium

Compressible flows appear in many natural and technological processes, for instance, the flow of natural gases in a pipe system. Thus, a detailed study of the stability of tangential velocity discontinuity in compressible media is relevant and necessary. The first early investigation in two-dimensional (2D) media was given more than 70 years ago. In this article, we continue investigating the stability in three-dimensional (3D) media. The idealized statement of this problem in an infinite spatial space was studied by Syrovatskii in 1954. However, the omission of the absolute sign of cos θ with θ being the angle between vectors of velocity and wave number in a certain inequality produced the inaccurate conclusion that the flow is always unstable for entire values of the Mach number M. First, we revisit this case to arrive at the correct conclusion, namely that the discontinuity surface is stabilized for a large Mach number with a given value of the angle θ. Next, we introduce a real finite spatial system such that it is bounded by solid walls along the flow direction. We show that the discontinuity surface is stable if and only if the dispersion relation equation has only real roots, with a large value of the Mach number; otherwise, the surface is always unstable. In particular, we show that a smaller critical value of the Mach number is required to make the flow in a narrow channel stable.