Absence Of Supporting Electrolyte Research Articles

Conversion of CO2 to formic acid in a microfluidic electrochemical cell with and without supporting electrolyte

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid or formate (FA) is considered an interesting route to valorize CO2 effluents. Here, we have performed the conversion of CO2 to FA in an undivided microchannel electrochemical reactor characterized by very small inter-electrode distances (75–250 μm) using Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte (SE). It was found that the use of the microfluidic cell allows to work both in the presence and in the absence of SE with lower cell potentials with respect to conventional cells and to obtain significant conversions per pass of CO2 to FA. The effect of many parameters, such as distance between electrodes, flow rate, current density, concentration of Na2SO4 and pH, was studied. In particular, it was shown that the production of FA increases by reducing the concentrations of Na2SO4 and it presents the maximum value in the absence of it.

Theoretical Analysis of Voltammetry at a Rotating Disk Electrode in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte.

The mathematical model of Oldham J. Phys. Chem. B 2000 , 104 , 4703 for rotating disc electrode in an unsupported system is discussed. This article presents a new analytical method for the calculation of concentration at a rotating disc electrode controlled by diffusion, convection, and migration. This model contains a steady-state nonlinear differential equation in a three-ion system under the assumption that all the ions have the same diffusivity. The homotopy perturbation method is employed to solve the nonlinear governing equation, where the ionic concentration and current are obtained analytically, in terms of charge numbers. The comparison between the analytical results of this study and previous studies confirms that the result of the proposed method is in stronger agreement with numerical simulations than other analytical methods.

ChemInform Abstract: Easy Electrochemical Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐cyano‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyrans in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Easy Electrochemical Synthesis of 2-amino-4-aryl-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl- 6-methyl-4H-pyrans in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

Easy Electrochemical Synthesis of 2-amino-4-aryl-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl- 6-methyl-4H-pyrans in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

Diffusion–Migration Currents on Microelectrodes in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte at an Arbitrary Charge of Ions

Limiting diffusion–migration currents on microelectrodes in systems comprising two types of electroactive ions and one type of inactive ions with arbitrary charges (zj) and diffusion coefficients (Dj) are calculated. The electric field which induces the ion migration disappears when the condition D1ν2/D2ν1 = z1/z2 is fulfilled for two types of electroactive ions, where νj are their stoichiometric coefficients in the electrode reaction. For a reversible [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– system on microelectrodes, the migration effects are more pronounced as compared with the convective reactant delivery, which is explained by the different nature of the dependence of the limiting current on the diffusion coefficient.

Steady-State Voltammetry at a Rotating Disk Electrode in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

Predictions have been made of how total withdrawal of supporting electrolyte affects the steady-state limiting current at a rotating disk electrode. Incorporating transport by diffusion, migration, and convection, the treatment is restricted to a three-ion system under the assumption that all the ions share the same diffusivity. The results predict qualitative, but not quantitative, agreement with similar studies relating to steady-state voltammetry at a hemispherical microelectrode. The experimental findings of Gao and White are discussed in the light of the new treatment.

Determination of Lead in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte Using Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode Without Mercury Film

Determination of Lead in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte Using Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode Without Mercury Film

Determination of Lead in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte Using Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode Without Mercury Film

Determination of Lead in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte Using Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode Without Mercury Film

Electroreduction of C 60 in Aprotic Solvents: III. Voltammetric Study, at Microelectrode, of (n = 0 to 4) Solvation in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

Solvent effects on the electroreductions of (n = 1 to 4) were studied in eleven single aprotic solvents and in different pyridine‐acetonitrile binary solvent mixtures. For that purpose, voltammetric reversible half‐wave potentials, E½, of the electroreduction steps were determined at a 10 μm diam Pt disk microelectrode in the absence of supporting electrolyte. In this way, concomitant ion‐pairing effects, operative in the presence of supporting electrolyte, were eliminated. The E1½ values were corrected for the ohmic drop of potentials and correlated with solvent polarity parameters in order to account for the stabilizing solvent role. The observed differences of E½ values in different solvents were discussed in terms of weak ion‐dipole interactions. The voltammetric studies of specific solvation in pyridine‐acetonitrile mixtures in the absence of supporting electrolyte have shown no changes of acetonitrile solvation and the loss of at least two pyridine molecules from the solvation shell of (n = 0 and 1) accompanying each of the first two electroreductions.

Self-Enhancement of Voltammetric Waves of Weak Acids in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Enhancement of Voltammetric Waves of Weak Acids in the Absence of Supporting ElectrolyteZbigniew. Stojek, Malgorzata. Ciszkowska, and Janet G. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 9, 1507–1512Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00081a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (536 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Utilisation de membranes echangeuses d'ions en electrosynthese organique. : V. Additions de michael induites par des bases électrogénérées au contact d'un électrolyte solide.

The addition of carbon acids to acrylonitrile or methyl acylate can be initiated by means of bases electrogenerated in aprotic media in the absence of supporting-electrolyte, at the interface between a porous cathode and a solid polymer electrolyte. The consumption of electricity is below 10 -2 faraday per mole. Putting to the test donors with decreasing acidity (2-nitropropane, malononitrile, diethyl malonate, ethyl cyanacetate, 2-methylcyclohexanone, fluorene) allows to estimate the basicity level that can be reached at such an interface. The influence of different factors (such as the nature of the ion exchange membrane, the basicity of the second side of the membrane, the presence of a probase) on the rates and yields of the reactions has been investigated.

Semiintegral Electroanalysis in the Absence of Supporting Electrolyte

Abstract The limiting semiintegral of the current which flows when a stationary electrode is progressively polarized in the presence of electroactive species has been investigated under the condition of no supporting electrolyte present in the solution. The semiintegral, m(t), of the current, i(t), is defined by m(t)=\fracd^-1/2dt^-1/2i(t)=\frac1π^1/2∫_0^t\fraci(λ)(t-λ)^1/2dλ. The electroreduction of a number of heavy metal ions has been studied at a mercury drop electrode and it was found that the limiting semiintegral is larger than that observed with excess supporting electrolyte present. The finding is in agreement with a simple theory which considers both diffusion and migration mass transfer processes. The factor by which the limiting semiintegral increases has been shown to depend on the diffusion coefficients and charge numbers of the cation and anion.

Alternating Current Polarography of Peroxodisulfate and Ferricyanide Ions in the Absence of Supporting Electrolytes

Abstract The admittance and its phase angle of the polarographic reduction of peroxodisulfate and ferricyanide ions in solutions containing no supporting electrolytes were measured at very low frequencies. The series resistance components, measured at 30 cps, of these systems gave anomalously small values at the electrode potentials where the falling-off of the cathodic current was observed on the direct current polarograms. This anomaly in the alternating current polarization behavior was attributed to the negative charge-transfer resistance due to the double layer effect on the charge-transfer process.