Absence Of Stipulation Research Articles

<p><strong><em>Viola tovarii </em></strong><strong>(Violaceae), a new species for Peruvian high Andes</strong></p>

We describe and illustrate Viola tovarii P. Gonzáles & J. Molina-Alor, a new species of Viola section Andinium from the high Andes of southwest Peru. Special emphasis is placed on the color and size of the flowers and leaves, style crest form, and presence or absence of stipules, which are key characters that were undervalued in previous taxonomic treatments dealing with this species assemblage. The species is illustrated and a photograph of the living plant is included.

Plant Species in a tract of insular Atlantic Forest in Ilhabela (SP): Floristics, photographic documentation, and identification keys of arboreal dicotyledons based on vegetative characteristics

Abstract: The Ilhabela State Park (PEIb, for Parque Estadual Ilhabela in Portuguese)-located between 23º 46' 28" south latitude and 45º 21' 20" west latitude-is responsible for the conservation of one of the most important, and most devastated, fragments of insular Atlantic Forest. To catalog the arboreal species along the trails of the Conservation Unit, and to provide a practical instrument to facilitate the recognition of these species, we aimed with this work to conduct a floristic and photographic survey of distinct life forms and create an identification key for arboreal dicotyledonous species based on vegetative characters. We cataloged 123 species belonging to 99 genera and 46 botanical families. The best-represented families were Rubiaceae (15 spp.), Fabaceae (10), Piperaceae (10), Myrtaceae (8), Melatomataceae (7) and Lauraceae (7). We found three species threatened with extinction, two new occurrences for the state of São Paulo, and one plant species new to science, demonstrating the floristic importance of the region. We developed three vegetative dichotomous identification keys: to species with compound leaves; simple and opposite leaves; and alternate simple leaves. The dichotomous keys presents 97 arboreal species, distributed among 37 families, and was based on vegetative characters such as phyllotaxis, composition and shape of the limbus, presence or absence of stipules, exudate, lenticels, indument, glands and dots. We also elaborated a photographic board with 118 species as a supplementary material to support the use of the identification key.

Notes on Distribution of Crotalaria paniculata Willd. and Status of its Variety Nagarjunakondensis Thoth.

Crotalaria paniculata Willd. is reported for the first time from Kerala although it is commonly found in all the other three states of South India. Further, discussion is made about its questionable occurrence in Java (Indonesia) and opined here that it is endemic to South India. C. paniculata var. nagarjunakondensis Thoth. is raised to the specific level based on cordate cuspidate bract, absence of stipules, length of calyx teeth as well as 2-seeded pods.

Chave de identificação de espécies do estrato arbóreo da Mata Atlântica em Ubatuba (SP), com base em caracteres vegetativos

A chave de identificação foi elaborada com base no material herborizado das espécies do estrato arbóreo amostradas com pelo menos 4,8 cm de DAP, em dois trechos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. Foram utilizadas apenas características morfológicas vegetativas, como a filotaxia, forma das folhas, presença ou ausência de estípulas, indumento e glândulas, dentre outros aspectos relevantes para a identificação das espécies, e observações de campo. A chave consta de 193 espécies (4 indeterminadas), distribuídas em 114 gêneros e 50 famílias botânicas, e uma versão eletrônica interativa está disponível para consulta on line (http://www.gama.ib.unicamp.br/gama/index.php ).

A new species of Drymaria (Caryophyllaceae) from northeastern Mexico

Drymaria jenniferae is proposed as a new species. It appears to be related to the group “Arenarioides” by the nature of the indumentum and the 2–8 lobed petals, but differs by its petals with four equal lobes, with the trunk (blade-like portion below lobes and above the basal claw) of each petal widened at the base. The species is notable for the absence of stipules, the cateniform trichomes, and the tuberculate seeds. A description, an illustration, and a key are provided.

A Taxonomic Revision of Mallotus Section Philippinenses (Former Section Rottlera – Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia and Thailand

A revision of Mallotus section Philippinenses (former section Rottlera) in Malesia and Thailand is given. Descriptions, distribution maps, habit drawings, and a key to the species are provided. The diagnostic characters for the section are briefly discussed. Five species (M. kongkandae, M. leptostachyus, M. pallidus, M. philippensis, and M. repandus) are recognised. Mallotus chromocarpus is excluded from the section because it has more shared characters with the monospecific genus Octospermum, like the presence of indehiscent fruits, absence of stipules, marginal extrafloral nectaries on the upper side of the leaf blade, broad connectives (shaped umbrella-like), and its occurrence in New Guinea, and is therefore probably closely related to it.

Scytopetalaceae Are Stipulate

Summary. The African Scytopetalaceae, hitherto described as exstipulate, do in fact produce minute, earlycaducous stipules. This supports the inclusion of the stipulate American genus Asteranthos in Scytopetalaceae. The character 'presence or absence of stipules' plays an important role in the identification and classification of flowering plants. Their presence or absence is usually constant for a family as a whole, but in some families (e.g. Flacourtiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae) it is valid at a lower level, i.e., constant for genera or for species within genera. In some taxa stipules are very small and/or early-caducous, leaving hardly any trace of their previous presence. Such taxa may easily be taken to be exstipulate. Scytopetalaceae is a small African family of 19 species in 5 genera: Brazzeia Baill., Oubanguia Baill., and Scytopetalum Pierre ex Engl. each with 3 species, Rhaptopetalum Oliv. with 9 and Pierrina Engl. with a single species. The family is best represented in the Cameroon - Gabon area where all the 5 genera, and 16 species, occur (Letouzey 1978a, b), followed by the area of the Flore d'Afrique Centrale where 7 species in 4 genera are found (Germain 1963), and West Tropical Africa where there are 5 species, also in 4 genera (Keay 1958). In Angola (Exell & Mendonqa 1951) and Uganda (Verdcourt 1968) only a single species is present. All treatments of the Scytopetalaceae for the African floras (Exell & Mendonqa 1951; Germain 1963; Keay 1958; Letouzey 1978a, b; Verdcourt 1968) describe the family as exstipulate. Appel (1996), who studied the morphology of this family in detail, also described it as such. When sorting sterile material from Gabon into families I found minute stipules in a specimen (Breteler et al. 14604) which was therefore first placed in Flacourtiaceae. When it could not be matched with any known species of this family, a closer look revealed a texture of the dried leaves that pointed towards Scytopetalaceae. In fact, it represented Scytopetalum klaineanum Pierre ex Engl. (Fig. 1). All species of this family were then investigated to see whether the presence of stipules was a character of the family. Stipules could not be found only in Oubanguia laurifolia (Pierre ex De Wild.) Tiegh. and in Rhaptopetalum belingense Letouzey, almost certainly because the material investigated was too mature to show these minute, fragile, early-caducous organs. Their presence can only be established on young immature shoots. In fact no distinguishable trace is left and it is understandable that the family has hitherto

A Monograph of Sida Sect. Oligandrae (Malvaceae)

Sida L. sect. Oligandrae Clement is markedly distinct from the rest of the rather large genus. It is characterized by large and deeply lobed leaves, and mericarps with long, protruding, clinging awns. Glandular trichomes are often abundant and have been found to be lethal to insects (Burandt 1991). The species are all geographically clustered in the middle Andes. However, as is often the case with such a discrete group, the component species have been difficult to discriminate. Nine species have been described for the section: S. palmata Cav. (Cavanilles 1785), S. ricinoides L'Her. and S. jatrophoides L'Her. (L'Heritier 1789 but dated 1785), S. oligandra Schumann (Schumann 1890), S. lomageiton Ulbr. and S. rupo Ulbr. (Ulbrich 1916), S. lomana Bruns (Bruns 1929), and S. decandra R. E. Fries and S. patuliloba R. E. Fries (Fries 1947). The interpretation of these nine species has varied greatly but comprehensive treatments have retained seven or eight (Clement 1957; Fries 1947; Kearney 1958; MacBride 1956). For each of these treatments, pronounced scarcity of material and a failure to examine types have resulted in an unsatisfactory taxonomic resolution of the species. Field observations were essentially non-existent and species distributions cursorily figured from specimen annotations produced an untenable picture of the group's biogeography. In the present study, these difficulties have been addressed by an examination of nearly all types and the addition of new collections and numerous field observations. Four species, circumscribed by their ecologies as well as morphological characters, were resolved. The species were most easily distinguished by their fruits, whereas vegetative characters were sufficient to distinguish among all but a few specimens. The low stamen number of one species is unique within the genus and the absence of stipules in two species is exceptionally rare in the Malvaceae.

Executors and Administrators. Compensation for Administering Estate. Absence of Stipulation

Executors and Administrators. Compensation for Administering Estate. Absence of Stipulation

Executors and Administrators. Compensation for Administering Estate. Absence of Stipulation in Instrument

Executors and Administrators. Compensation for Administering Estate. Absence of Stipulation in Instrument