Absence Of Revolution Research Articles

The Economic Cost of the Islamic Revolution and War for Iran: Synthetic Counterfactual Evidence

ABSTRACT This study estimates the joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq, on Iran’s per capita Gross Domestic Product (‘GDP,’ constant 2010 US$) for the period 1978–1988, during the revolution/war. I use a synthetic control approach, whereby a synthetic Iran is constructed as a weighted average of other Middle East and North Africa (‘MENA’)/Organization of the Petroleum Exporting (‘OPEC’) countries to match the average level of some key per capita GDP correlates over the period 1970–1977 as well as the evolution of the actual Iranian per capita GDP during that period. I find a sizable negative effect of the joint treatment. The average Iranian lost an accumulated sum of approximately US$ 34,660 during 1978–1988 (i.e. the average annual real per capita income loss of US$ 3,150). This loss equals 40% of the real income per capita, which an Iranian could earn in the absence of revolution and war. The confidence sets based on constant, linear, and uniform assumptions of treatment effect show that estimated income loss for Iran is sizeable and statistically significant. The results remain robust to a set of placebo tests.

First decade of post-genomic era. Hopes, disappointments, new answers

The first decade after the announcement of the draft sequence of human genome has brought spectacular advances in basic science, however, the fact that human health did not benefit that much caused disappointment, as well. In order to explore the causes of the absence of revolution in medicine, beside the extension of research strategy new conception about the role of genetics in health and disease should also be considered. In order to resolve the disappointments, the author recommends a new perspective to view the role of genetics in health and diseases. When the contribution of recent research results is evaluated not only in the original transgenerational aspect but also in developmental aspect of genetics, some questions about the genomic medicine might be clearer. This review discusses the advantage of this concept in (1) clinical interpretation of the findings of molecular technologies, (2) understanding the novel concept of gene-environment relationship, and (3) organizing the health service delivery through reasonable professional competences. The developmental aspect of genetics is suggested to consider in future research strategy, interpretation of the results, understanding the role of genes and environment in health and disease, and construction of health service delivery system in genomic medicine.

The Concept of Negation in the Dialectic

Abstract I believe we all agree that, in terms of the original or even the expanded concepts of Marxian theory, determining the content of the present historical period and particularly the developments of late capitalism presents certain difficulties. Rather, we can do so, but only at the risk of generating additional difficulties. If the same theory can equally well deal with the development A as well as non-A, prosperity as well as crisis, revolution as well as the absence of revolution, or the radicalization of the working-class as well as its integration into the existing system, then although this may indicate the validity of the theory, it also indicates its indifference.