Absence Of Restoration Research Articles

Assessment of Pulp Stones Among Western Saudi Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The term "pulp stones" refers to conditions of calcification that can appear in any area of the dental pulp. This study aims to assess the prevalence of pulp stones and examine whether there is any connection between their occurrence and factors such as patient age, gender, tooth location, presence of decay, or dental restorations in a western Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). 500 patients were randomly selected from the College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, database. The study involved evaluating 2998 teeth in coronal, axial, and sagittal planes by four dental peer examiners observing and recording data (sequentially and simultaneously) that included whether pulp stones were present or absent, the teeth group (anterior, premolars, and molars), tooth location (maxillary or mandibular), presence or absence of restoration, presence or absence of caries, and the patient's gender. Chi-square tests were utilized for statistical analysis, and a significance level of p-value ≤0.05 was established. Out of 500 individuals (250 females and 250 males), only 130 individuals (26%) and 278 teeth out of 2998 (9.2%) had pulp stones, with no significant statistical correlation identified between the presence of pulp stones and gender. (P = 0.459). Molars exhibited the greatest incidence of pulp stones (238; 85.6%), followed by anterior teeth (30; 10.8%), and premolars had the lowest prevalence (10; 3.6%). Teeth that showed a higher occurrence of pulp stones were associated with caries (74; 26.6%) and restorations (58; 20.9%). The association between pulpal stone and periodontal involvement was seldom significant (0.7%). A significant association was found between the presence of pulp stones and nonintact teeth (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of pulp stones between females and males in the maxillary and mandibular (74.7% and 57.3%, respectively) (P = 0.002). Additionally, the frequency of pulp stones was statistically significant when comparing the left and right sides (P<0.001) (48.9% and 51.1%, respectively). Understanding the prevalence and distribution of pulp stones is crucial for dentists and endodontists, as it assists practitioners in devising an appropriate treatment plan for affected teeth that require root canal therapy. One-fourth of the Madinah population was confirmed to have pulp stones, with a higher incidence in molars, caries, and restored teeth. No difference was found between its occurrence and gender. The high prevalence is exhibited in individuals between 45 and 54 years old. However, further studies with equal patient distribution are needed to confirm this observation.

Genetic diversity of VIR Raphanus sativus L. collections on aluminum tolerance.

Radish and small radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are popular and widely cultivated root vegetables in the world, which occupy an important place in human nutrition. Edaphic stressors have a significant impact on their productivity and quality. The main factor determining the phytotoxicity of acidic soils is the increased concentration of mobile aluminum ions in the soil solution. The accumulation of aluminum in root tissues disrupts the processes of cell division, initiation and growth of the lateral roots, the supply of plants with minerals and water. The study of intraspecific variation in aluminum resistance of R. sativus is an important stage for the breeding of these crops. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic diversity of R. sativus crops including 109 accessions of small radish and radish of various ecological and geographical origin, belonging to 23 types, 14 varieties of European, Chinese and Japanese subspecies on aluminum tolerance. In the absence of a rapid assessment methodology specialized for the species studied, a method is used to assess the aluminum resistance of cereals using an eriochrome cyanine R dye, which is based on the recovery or absence of restoration of mitotic activity of the seedlings roots subjected to shock exposure to aluminum. The effect of various concentrations on the vital activity of plants was revealed: a 66-mM concentration of AlCl3 · 6Н2О had a weak toxic effect on R. sativus accessions slowing down root growth; 83 mM contributed to a large differentiation of the small radish accessions and to a lesser extent for radish; 99 mM inhibited further root growth in 13.0 % of small radish accessions and in 7.3 % of radish and had a highly damaging effect. AlCl3 · 6Н2О at a concentration of 99 mM allowed us to identify the most tolerant small radish and radish accessions that originate from countries with a wide distribution of acidic soils. In a result, it was possible to determine the intraspecific variability of small radish and radish plants in the early stages of vegetation and to identify genotypes that are contrasting in their resistance to aluminum. We recommend the AlCl3 · 6Н2О concentration of 83 mM for screening the aluminum resistance of small radish and 99 mM for radish. The modified method that we developed is proposed as a rapid diagnosis of aluminum tolerance for the screening of a wide range of R. sativus genotypes and a subsequent study of contrasting forms during a longer cultivation of plants in hydroponic culture (including elemental analysis of roots and shoots, contrasting in resistance of accessions) as well as reactions of plants in soil conditions.

The relationship of endothelial dysfunction and metabolic manifestations of obesity

Introduction . Over the past three decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world has grown by almost 30–50% among adults and children. A number of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, as well as the pathology of many organs and systems are often associated with obesity. The aim of our study was to compare the functional state of the endothelium in various variants of complicated obesity (СO). Materials and methods . The study included 66 people with СO whose average age was 47.3 ± 9.9 years, from this group 3 groups were formed depending on the complications of obesity (dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance). To assess the functional state of endothelium, we used the method of wavelet analysis of skin temperature fluctuations during cooling of the limb; endothelin-1 (ET-1), albuminuria (AC), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Results . The levels of VEGF, ET-1 and AC in the groups with СO did not differ significantly, however, they were significantly higher than in the comparison group. The results of the cold test revealed the absence of restoration of the amplitudes of fluctuations in skin temperature equally in all groups with CO compared with the control group (post-cold vasodilation indices (IPV) in group 1 – 0.45 (0.38–0.69, in group 2 – 0.59 (0.41–0.83), in group 3 – 0.66 (0.53–0.79), in the Control group – 0.91 (0.86–1.06), p<0.05). Correlations between biochemical and instrumental markers of endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance indices were obtained: ET-1 correlated with insulin (r=0.49; p=0.02), HOMA index (r=0.55; p=0.01); AU value correlated with glycemia (r=0.70; p=0.02); The IVC vasoconstriction index correlated with the HOMA-IR index (r=0.62; p=0.05); The IPV-1 index decreased with increasing VEGF (r=–0.86; p=0.002) and HOMA-IR (r=–0.86; p=0.002). The IPV-2 index inversely correlated with the level of postprandial glycemia (r=–0.87; p=0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=–0.55; p=0.04), OT (r=–0.57; p=0.04) and ET-1 (r=–0.58; p=0.04). Conclusion . The unified basis of the revealed disorders in СO allows us to conclude that the factors of insulin resistance are complex: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which makes it difficult to identify the leading factor in the formation of endothelial dysfunction.

Benefits and costs analysis of soil erosion control using rock pack structures: The case of Mutale Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Investment in natural resource restoration contributes to building the resilience of rural livelihoods. Surface soil loss, Gullies and dongas, caused by soil erosion in various landscapes have a negative impact on the production capacity of the land and resilience of the community. This study analyses the benefits and costs of reducing soil erosion using rock pack structures, focusing on the Mutale Local Municipality, Limpopo. A mixed methods approach was applied to determine the impact of soil erosion on land with different land use types, such as grazing areas, croplands, residential and riparian areas as well as roads, which are all important in supporting the livelihoods of the rural community. It was found that a total of 1 470 hectares (ha) was affected by soil erosion, and this negatively affected 1 880 people residing at Mutale. A total cumulative cost of R 7.1 million was invested to control soil erosion in affected areas, using rock pack structures for the period 2010–2016. The investment yields benefits totalling R2.9 million. This, however, excludes other indirect benefits such as jobs that were created and the improvement in livelihoods because of wages. Also, there is no assessment of the increases in the vulnerability of a society in the absence of restoration. This suggests that the cost of degradation is high and it is better to address and prevent early.

The effects of riparian restoration following saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol on habitat and herpetofauna along a desert stream

Amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) have been linked to specific microhabitat characteristics, microclimates, and water resources in riparian forests. Our objective was to relate variation in herpetofauna abundance to changes in habitat caused by a beetle used for Tamarix biocontrol (Diorhabda carinulata; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and riparian restoration. During 2013 and 2014, we measured vegetation and monitored herpetofauna via trapping and visual encounter surveys (VES) at locations affected by biocontrol along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States. Twenty‐one sites were divided into four riparian stand types based on density and percent cover of dominant trees (Tamarix, Prosopis, Populus, and Salix) and presence or absence of restoration. Restoration activities consisted of mechanically removing non‐native trees, transplanting native trees, and restoring hydrologic flows. Restored sites had three times more total lizard and eight times more yellow‐backed spiny lizard (Sceloporus uniformis) captures than other stand types. Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) captures were greatest in unrestored and restored Tam‐Pop/Sal sites. Results from VES indicated that herpetofauna abundance was greatest in the restored Tam‐Pop/Sal site compared with the adjacent unrestored Tam‐Pop/Sal site. Tam sites were characterized by having high Tamarix cover, percent canopy cover, and shade. Restored Tam‐Pop/Sal sites were most similar in habitat to Tam‐Pop/Sal sites. Two species of herpetofauna (spiny lizard and toad) were found to prefer habitat components characteristic of restored Tam‐Pop/Sal sites. Restored sites likely supported higher abundances of these species because restoration activities reduced canopy cover, increased native tree density, and restored surface water.

Does tallgrass prairie restoration enhance the invasion resistance of post-agricultural lands?

There is building interest in the use of ecological restoration to enhance the biotic invasion resistance of disturbed lands. However, few studies have rigorously examined the effect of community restoration on biotic invasion resistance under conditions of controlled invader propagule pressure. Results are presented from a field experiment conducted in a post-agricultural grassland in eastern Kansas to explore the interplay of tallgrass prairie restoration and invader propagule pressure in modulating plant invasion. Seed additions of multiple native and non-native species were used to provide a general test of biotic invasion resistance under varied propagule availability. Restoration increased plant diversity, increased above ground productivity, reduced the availability of light, soil moisture and bare soil microsites and strongly suppressed the invasion of all species sown into the experiment, including the highly invasive exotic legume, Lespedeza cuneata. In the absence of restoration, L. cuneata rapidly dominated plots where it had been sown, particularly at the highest propagule pressure. Results of multiple regression modelling suggested that restoration most likely increased community resistance to L. cuneata invasion through changes in functional guild composition rather than through changes in species diversity. Overall our study indicates that restoration of abandoned agricultural land to native tallgrass prairie can enhance invasion resistance in the face of substantial invader propagule pressures by altering community composition to dominance by native species that are efficient in utilizing resources.

Fracture Necrosis: Diagnosis, Prognosis Assessment, and Treatment Recommendations

Introduction The presence of cracks and fractures in teeth can pose difficulties in diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment recommendations. When a tooth has no significant restorations or caries, whereby the pulp is nonvital in the absence of a luxation injury, it is suggested that this necrosis is likely caused by a significant longitudinal crack that extends from the occlusal surface and into the pulp. This type of presentation has been termed “fracture necrosis.” Methods Twenty-seven teeth with nonvital pulps were evaluated that had no restorations or minimally deep restorations and no signs of caries. These teeth were extracted and evaluated as to the depth and location of any potential fracture. Results All evaluated teeth were found to have cracks that extended from the occlusal surface into the pulp and progressed to an external root surface. Conclusion Pulp necrosis, in the absence of restorations, caries, or luxation injuries, is likely caused by a longitudinal fracture extending from the occlusal surface and into the pulp. Based on the available literature, these types of teeth may have a poor prognosis after endodontic treatment, with the potential ramification of extensive periodontal and/or periapical bone loss. Extraction may be considered as the primary treatment option.

Coronal pulp size in molars: a study of bitewing radiographs.

To: (i) study coronal pulp dimensions in human first molar teeth; (ii) investigate the effects of restorations on pulp size; (iii) determine differences in dimensions between teeth of Mongoloid patients and teeth of other ethnic groups; and (iv) record the presence of pulp stones. Bitewing radiographs of 121 subjects (mean age, 20.9 years) were taken under standardized conditions. The films were digitally scanned and nine measurements were made from the image of each first molar. The data were analysed in terms of presence or absence of restorations and in terms of racial group. Differences were examined using Student's t-test, Pearson correlations and Levene's test. A total of 445 teeth were analysed. Large crowns were correlated to large pulps. Teeth restored with occlusal and proximal restorations had significantly smaller pulps (P = 0.044 and 0.004, respectively), but no difference was found in pulp area in the clinical crown between the restoration types. Mongoloid crowns were shorter and more bulbous. Pulp areas of maxillary molars and pulp widths at the cervix of mandibular molars were significantly larger in Mongoloids. The pulp area in the clinical crown correlated to pulp horn height for Mongoloids and others and for maxillary and mandibular teeth. No differences were found between the heights of pulp horns in the Mongoloid and other teeth. Four of the pulp measurements demonstrated sexual dimorphism. Stones were present in almost 10% of the subjects, representing 4% of the tooth pulps examined. Even teeth with shallow occlusal restorations had reduced pulp spaces. There were significant differences in pulp and crown dimensions between the teeth of Mongoloid patients and those of other patients.

Evaluation of success and failure after endodontic therapy using a glass ionomer cement sealer

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective clinical study was to assess the treatment results following endodontic therapy using a glass ionomer cement sealer (Ketac-Endo) and to relate the results to various clinical factors. A total of 486 teeth were treated by three operators, using the "standardized technique" for canal preparation and either single cone or laterally condensed gutta-percha, in one or multiple treatment sessions. Six to 18 months postoperatively, the treatment results were assessed clinically and radiographically, and related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors using a chi 2 analysis with 5% level of significance. Of 378 followed-up teeth, there was a 78.3% success, 15.6% incomplete healing, and 6.1% failure. Statistically, differences in the results were related to the number of canals (p < 0.04), primary treatment and retreatment (p < 0.02), pulp vitality (p < 0.001), periapical lesion (p < 0.001), preoperative symptoms (p < 0.003), operative complications (p < 0.001), and absence of restoration (p < 0.03). It was concluded that these treatment results were compatible with those reported in previous studies, and supported the clinical use of Ketac-Endo as an acceptable endodontic sealer.