Absence Of Orange Research Articles

Cyclic voltammetry analysis of mercuric chloride redox reactions with orange G dye

This study investigates the redox behavior of bulk and nano mercuric chloride (HgCl2) using cyclic voltammetry in the presence and absence of Orange G dye, employing 0.1 M KCl as the supporting electrolyte at room temperature. The effects of varying scan rates on electrode processes and redox reaction kinetics were analyzed, revealing that the choice of electrode material, specifically a glassy carbon electrode, significantly influences reproducibility and sensitivity. The study has implications for various applications, including environmental and analytical chemistry. The interaction between mercuric chloride and Orange G was characterized through specific scan rates, highlighting distinct redox peaks and current changes. This research underscores cyclic voltammetry as a powerful technique for probing redox reactions, electroactive species, and complexation processes. Additionally, the determination of complexation stability constants and Gibbs free energies provides valuable insights into the nature of these interactions, paving the way for future applications in environmental and analytical chemistry.Environmental Implication: The redox behaviour of hazardous substance mercuric chloride in the presence of orange G dye has been studied, and the results have important environmental implications. By studying the electrode processes and redox reaction kinetics using cyclic voltammetry, researchers can gain a better understanding of how mercuric chloride behaves in different environmental conditions.The environmental implications of this research are significant. Understanding how mercuric chloride interacts with organic dyes can inform strategies to mitigate mercury pollution, a pressing issue in environmental chemistry. The findings contribute to the broader goal of developing effective remediation strategies for contaminated ecosystems.

An in vitro system for the rapid functional characterization of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation

We have developed an assay based on rice embryogenic callus for rapid functional characterization of metabolic genes. We validated the assay using a selection of well-characterized genes with known functions in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, allowing rapid visual screening of callus phenotypes based on tissue color. We then used the system to identify the functions of two uncharacterized genes: a chemically synthesized β-carotene ketolase gene optimized for maize codon usage, and a wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the cauliflower Orange gene. In contrast to previous reports (Lopez, A.B., Van Eck, J., Conlin, B.J., Paolillo, D.J., O'Neill, J. and Li, L. () J. Exp. Bot. 59, 213-223; Lu, S., Van Eck, J., Zhou, X., Lopez, A.B., O'Halloran, D.M., Cosman, K.M., Conlin, B.J., Paolillo, D.J., Garvin, D.F., Vrebalov, J., Kochian, L.V., Küpper, H., Earle, E.D., Cao, J. and Li, L. () Plant Cell 18, 3594-3605), we found that the wild-type Orange allele was sufficient to induce chromoplast differentiation. We also found that chromoplast differentiation was induced by increasing the availability of precursors and thus driving flux through the pathway, even in the absence of Orange. Remarkably, we found that diverse endosperm-specific promoters were highly active in rice callus despite their restricted activity in mature plants. Our callus system provides a unique opportunity to predict the effect of metabolic engineering in complex pathways, and provides a starting point for quantitative modeling and the rational design of engineering strategies using synthetic biology. We discuss the impact of our data on analysis and engineering of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.