Absence Of Lymphatic Metastases Research Articles

HSP90AA1 promotes lymphatic metastasis of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Lymphatic metastasis (LM) emerges as an independent prognostic marker for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSPSCC), chiefly contributing to treatment inefficacy. This study aimed to scrutinize the prognostic relevance of HSP90AA1 and its potential regulatory mechanism of concerning LM in HPSCC. In a preceding investigation, HSP90AA1, a differential gene, was discovered through transcriptome sequencing of HPSCC tissues, considering both the presence and absence of LM. Validation of HSP90AA1 expression was accomplished via qRT-PCR, western-blotting(WB), and immunohistochemistry(IHC), while its prognostic significance was assessed employing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis(KMSA), log-rank test(LR), and Cox's regression analysis(CRA). Bioinformatics techniques facilitated the prediction and analysis of its plausible mechanisms in LM, further substantiated by in vitro and in vivo experiments utilizing FaDu cell lines. HSP90AA1 is substantially up-regulated in HPSCC with LM and is identified as an independent prognostic risk determinant. The down-regulation of HSP90AA1 can achieve inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Both in vivo experiments and Bioinformatics exploration hint at promoting LM by Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulated by HSP90AA1. HSP90AA1, by controlling EMT, can foster LM in HPSCC.This finding sets the foundation for delving into new therapeutic targets for HPSCC.

Side specific differences of tumor budding on non-metastatic colon cancer.

Recent literature suggests that tumor budding (TB) may have a significant clinical impact on colorectal cancers. Our study aims to reveal the effect of TB on the long-term outcomes of patients and to reveal whether there is a difference in tumor location and TB in colonic cancer. A cohort of 100 patients with non-metastatic colon cancer was included in the study. The clinicopathological information of the patients was reviewed. Patients' preparations were re-evaluated to identify TB as: low, medium, and high and represent 0-4 buds, 5-9 buds, and 10 or more buds per 0.785 mm2, respectively. Long-term oncological outcomes of patients were analyzed. The recurrence, metastasis, and final status of the patients were determined during the follow-up period. Low TN was associated with <65 year (p = 0.048), absence of lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.003), and absence of perineural invasion (p = 0.023). High TB was associated with higher pT stage (p = 0.017) and tumor stage (p = 0.005). Additionally, right-sided tumors had a high TB score than left side (82.3% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.011). Patients with high TB had lower overall survival, but these were not statically significant. According to multiple regression analysis, mortality risk was associated with age (p = 0.046), pN status (p = 0.003) and TB (p = 0.040). High TB is associated with mortality in colon cancer and is more common in right colonic carcinoma.

Neoplasia Folicular da Tiroide Não Invasiva com Aspetos Nucleares de Carcinoma Papilífero

A neoplasia folicular da tiroide não invasiva com aspetos nucleares de carcinoma papilar (NIFTP) é uma neoplasia encapsulada com padrão de crescimento folicular e características nucleares do carcinoma papilar da tiroide. Eram conhecidos como “variante folicular não-invasiva e encapsulada do carcinoma papilar da tiroide, mas dada a sua semelhança biológica aos adenomas foliculares (comportamento indolente e ausência de metástases linfáticas ou recorrência), a nomenclatura foi alterada. Em 2015 um painel de especialistas decidiu chamar-lhe NIFTP. Apesar da elevada suspeição, o diagnóstico definitivo apenas é possível através do estudo histológico da peça cirúrgica. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico, não sendo uma lesão maligna, não é necessário submeter os doentes a estadiamento nem protocolos de tratamento oncológico.Apresentam-se dois casos clínicos em que se procedeu a tiroidectomia total em contexto multinodular. A NIFTP é muitas vezes tratada excessiva/agressivamente, o que acarreta morbilidade e stress psicológico para os doentes, bem como custos desnecessários aos sistemas de saúde.

HER2/neu (ERBB2) expression and gene amplification correlates with better survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundHER2 (ERBB2 or HER2/neu) is a tyrosine-kinase increasing cell proliferation. Overexpression/amplification of HER2 is correlated with worse prognosis in solid malignancies. Consequently, HER2 targeting is established in breast and upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. There are conflicting data concerning the impact of HER2 overexpression on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), as most studies do not differ between cancers of the esophagus/gastroesophageal junction and the stomach. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression/amplification of HER2 in EAC in correlation to clinicopathological data to verify its prognostic impact.MethodsWe analyzed 428 EAC patients that underwent transthoracic thoraco-abdominal esophagectomy between 1997 and 2014. We performed HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) according to the guidelines and fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) for IHC score2+, using tissue micro arrays (TMA) with up to eight biopsies from the surface and infiltration area of a single tumor for evaluating HER2-heterogeneity and single-spot TMA. The HER2-status was correlated with clinicopathological data.ResultsHER2-positivity was found in up to 14.9% in our cohort (IHC score 3+ or IHC score 2+ with gene amplification) and demonstrated a significantly better overall survival (OS) in correlation to HER2-negative tumors (median OS 70.1 vs. 24.6 months, p = 0.006). HER2-overexpression was more frequently seen in lower tumor stages (pT1/pT2, p = 0.038), in the absence of lymphatic metastases (pN0/pN+, p = 0.020), and was significantly associated with better histological grading (G1/G2) (p = 0.041).ConclusionWe demonstrated a positive prognostic impact of HER2 overexpression in a large cohort of EAC, contrary to other solid malignancies including gastric cancer and breast cancer, but consistent to the results of a large study on EAC from 2012.

Pulmonary recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer

BackgroundIn this article, we aimed to define the clinical, pathological, and surgical factors predicting pulmonary recurrence (PR) and determining survival after PR in patients with endometrial cancer. MethodsThirty-six (2.7%) patients were analyzed who suffered pulmonary failure in the first recurrence out of 1345 patients who had at least extrafascial hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial cancer between January 1993 and May 2013. The recurrence was designated as an isolated PR in cases of the presence of recurrence only in the lung, while it was called a synchronized PR if the patient had extrapulmonary recurrence in addition to PR. ResultsIn the multivariate analysis in the entire cohort, only International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage was an independent prognostic factor for PR. Two-year overall survival (OS) was 52% in patients with PR. In the univariate analysis, early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, absence of lymphatic metastasis, negative lymphovascular space invasion, absence of cervical invasion, negative adnexal spread, negative peritoneal cytology, negative omental metastasis, adjuvant radiotherapy after initial surgery, isolated PR, and chemotherapy upon recurrence were associated with improved OS after PR. The OS was 54 months for patients with isolated PR, while it was 10 months for patients who had synchronized PR. Furthermore, OS was 43 months and 13 months for the patients who took chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. ConclusionAdvanced stage is associated with PR. If recurrence is only in the lung, survival is better. Systemic treatment after PR is associated with improved survival. However, multi-center studies are required to standardize the treatment for PR.

Effect of CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression on the prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer.

To explore the relationship between CXCR4, CD133 co-expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of patients with phase II~III colon cancer. Forty-nine paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue and epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer were collected from patients with colon cancer undergoing radical surgery in Baotou Cancer Hospital from January, 2010 to June, 2011. CXCR4 and CD133 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological features and the 3-year survival rate was analyzed. In the tumor tissue and colonic epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer, the positive expression rates of CXCR4 were respectively 61.2% (30/49) and 8.16% (4/49), while those of CD133 being 36.7% (18/49) and 6.12% (3/49). CXCR4 and CD133 expression in tumor tissue was not related to patient age, gender, primary focal sites, tumor size, TNM staging, histological type, tumor infiltration depth and presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, but CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients with CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was 27.3% (3/11), and that of the remainderwas 76.3% (29/38), the difference being significant (χ2=7.0206, p=0.0081). CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression may be a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer.

MicroRNA-155 promotes the proliferation and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells by targeting quaking.

The increasing expression of microRNA‑155 (miR‑155) and decreasing expression of RNA‑binding protein quaking (QKI) in colon cells have been observed previously. In this study, we attempted to establish the correlation between miR‑155 and QKI. In addition, we assessed whether the expression of miR‑155 and QKI is linked to the proliferation and invasion capabilities of colon cells. Firstly, nineteen tumor samples, divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, were obtained from colon cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. The expression level of miR‑155 and QKI was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Secondly, the GES‑1, SW480 and COLO205 cell lines were cultured and the expression level of QKI and miR‑155 was also assessed by qPCR. Thirdly, a luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the association between miR‑155 and QKI, and qPCR and western blot analysis were performed to confirm the effects of miR‑155 on the expression of QKI at the mRNA and protein level. Subsequently, the SW480 cells were used in the following experiments. Following treatment with miR‑155 inhibitor and QKI overexpression vector, western blot analysis, propidium iodide (PI) staining and a cell scratch assay were carried out to assess the effects of miR‑155 on the proliferation and invasion potential of colon cancer cells. qPCR findings revealed higher miR‑155 expression and lower QKI expression in colon cancer tissues as well as the colon cancer cell lines SW480 and COLO205. The relative luciferase activity of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) was decreased by approximately 45% when SW480 cells stimulated by mimic‑miR‑155 were combined with the wild‑type 3'UTR constructs. In addition, when the cells were treated with mimic‑miR‑155, QKI expression was significantly decreased at the mRNA and protein level. These outcomes revealed that miR‑155 decreased the production of QKI by acting on the 3'UTR of the QKI gene. Furthermore, PI staining and the cell scratch assay revealed that miR‑155 influenced the cell cycle and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells by directly targeting QKI and decreased the production of QKI by acting on the 3'UTR of the QKI gene. This study has demonstrated the correlation between miR‑155 and QKI, in which miR‑155 regulates the cell cycle and invasion ability of colon cancer cells via the modulation of QKI expression. Our study provides novel therapeutic strategies for colon cancer therapy.

Comparative analysis of radiofrequency ablation and resection for resectable colorectal liver metastases

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) compared with that of resection. Between June 2004 and June 2009, we retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with resectable CRLMs; 17 patients underwent RFA, and 12 underwent hepatic resection. All of the patients were informed about the treatment modalities and were allowed to choose either of them. RFA including an intraoperative approach was performed by a radiologist; otherwise, hepatic resection was performed by a surgeon. Comparative analysis of the two groups was performed, including comparisons of gender, age, and clinical outcomes, such as primary tumor stage and survival rates. The mean tumor size was significantly larger in the resection group (3.59 cm vs 2.02 cm, P < 0.01), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for all patients was 44.7%. There was no difference in the 5-year OS rates between the RFA and resection groups (37.8% vs 66.7%). Univariate analysis indicated significantly lower 5-year OS rates for patients with a tumor size > 3 cm. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 17.6% and 22.2% in the RFA and resection groups, respectively (P = 0.119). Univariate analysis revealed that in cases of male gender, age > 65 years, T stage < IV, absence of lymphatic metastasis, and tumor size > 3 cm, RFA resulted in significantly inferior 5-year DFS rates compared with surgical resection. Surgical resection revealed superior outcomes in the treatment of resectable CRLMs, particularly in cases with a hepatic tumor size > 3 cm.

Basaloid carconoma of the anal canal.

The pathology and results of treatment of 36 cases of basaloid carcinomas of the anal canal are described. This variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal region arises from the entodermal-ectodermal junctional zone of the anal canal at or above the dentate line. Basaloid carcinomas have histological characteristics which resemble basal cell carcinoma of the skin, in particular the presence of palisading of the nuclei at the periphery of the clumps of tumour cells, but are potentially metastasizing tumours. They have been subdivided into three grades of malignancy, namely, well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and anaplastic basaloid carcinoma. It has been shown that cases of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated basaloids have a good prognosis even when lymph node metastasis has already taken place. Those of anaplastic basaloid carcinoma have a very poor prognosis even in the absence of lymphatic metastases.