Absence Of Elements Research Articles

Why Gaps Matter—A Negative Hermeneutical Approach to the Reconciliation Process in the Diocese of British Columbia Based on the Example of Bishop Logan's “Sacred Journey”

ABSTRACTThis essay delves into the utilization of a negative hermeneutical approach, focusing on gaps, tensions, and the absence of elements, to enrich our comprehension of reconciliation efforts. It posits that this method aids in discerning more and less appropriate approaches to reconciliation processes. Negative hermeneutics serves as both a technique and an ongoing journey of exploration, self‐assessment, and understanding our connection with otherness. By critically engaging with perspectives, it prompts deeper questions and fosters a heightened awareness of the limitations inherent in one's viewpoint. Drawing from examples within the ongoing “Reconciliation and Beyond” initiative of the diocese of British Columbia, specifically Bishop Logan's “Sacred Journey,” the essay illustrates how this approach holds potential. It demonstrates how a focus on negative aspects—those initially resistant to conventional academic scrutiny, like silence and materiality—offers valuable insights into critical practices and academic implications. Furthermore, the essay analyses how a hermeneutical process involving receiving, deconstructing, and recreating can introduce innovative perspectives for understanding reconciliation efforts.

Analysis of Fractional Electrical Circuit Containing Two RC Ladder Elements of Different Fractional Orders

Abstract The study addresses the topic of different fractional orders in the context of simulation as well as experiments using real electrical elements of fractional-order circuit. In studying the two solutions of the resistance-capacitance (RC) ladder circuit of appropriate parameters, different fractional orders of the electrical circuit are considered. Two fractional-order (non-integer) elements were designed based on the Continued Fraction Expansion (CFE) approximation method. The CFE method itself was modified to allow free choice of centre pulsation. It was also proposed that when making individual ladder circuits, in the absence of elements with the parameters specified by the program, they should be obtained by connecting commercially available elements in series or parallel. Finally, the theoretical analysis of such a circuit is presented using state-space method and verified experimentally.

Терминология института освобождения от ответственности в гражданском праве

The study of the Institute of exemption from liability for breach of obligations is a very relevant topic, due to various kinds of emergencies occurring in the world that affect the fulfillment of obligations by the parties. The article examines the normative concepts that serve as the name of cases when the responsibility of participants in business relations for violation of obligations does not occur. These are the concepts of "exemption from liability", "exclusion of liability" and "elimination of liability". The existence of such different terms in legislation and scientific doctrine, in relation to exemption from civil liability, causes discussion, does not contribute to a uniform understanding and practical application of civil law norms. With the help of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, in particular, formal legal, structural and functional, the author analyzes and compares the concepts of "exemption from liability", "exclusion of liability" and "elimination of liability" in order to establish the grounds for the application of these concepts. The article concludes that the criterion for distinguishing concepts from each other and from related legal categories is the presence or absence of elements (conditions) of the offense. The analysis of legal doctrine, legislation and judicial practice, in relation to the concepts of exemption from civil liability, showed that each of the studied terms carries its own content load. Applying different concepts of the institution of exemption from liability, it is necessary to take into account that the term can be either the result of conciliatory actions of the parties to the contract, or follow from the requirements of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. In the field of business relations, exemption from liability comes depending on the evidence or lack of evidence of certain circumstances. In the presence of certain conditions, exemption from liability is an exceptional measure aimed at ensuring the stability of economic activity. The paper concludes that it is advisable to introduce a legal definition of the concept of "exemption from liability" into civil legislation, in view of the existing problem of distinguishing between exemption and exclusion of liability. The author defines the concept of "exemption from civil liability". In order to move to a uniform terminological unity, in the norms on exemption for violation of contractual obligations, it is suggested that the concept of "elimination of liability" should be excluded from the normative text, as duplicating the legal meaning of the concept of "exemption from liability".

A new consonant-vowel architecture: Japanese borrowings from European languages from the viewpoint of Complexity Scales and Licensing

This study endeavors to undertake a comparative analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic, hereafter referred to as MA, adopting a cognitive linguistic approach, with special attention to the categorization of different situation types as proposed by Radden and Dirven (2007). It also aims to highlight the aspect areas that may challenge Moroccan EFL learners when acquiring this English grammatical construction. The study reveals that aspect is treated differently in English and MA. English aspect hinges on the viewing frame adopted. Therefore, the shift from one viewing frame to another results in the change from one situation type to another. By contrast, in MA, the perfective use calls for the adoption of a maximal viewing frame. However, the imperfective use calls for two interpretations: the event can be seen with either a maximal or a restricted viewing frame. In the absence of elements that co-determine the aspect in MA, general context is the only indication of the appropriate interpretation. The differences in the aspectual systems of English and MA may lead to difficulties in language acquisition. MA learners attempting to learn English, and vice versa, may face challenges in learning both the grammatical structure and its associated meanings.

A contrastive analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic

This study endeavors to undertake a comparative analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic, hereafter referred to as MA, adopting a cognitive linguistic approach, with special attention to the categorization of different situation types as proposed by Radden and Dirven (2007). It also aims to highlight the aspect areas that may challenge Moroccan EFL learners when acquiring this English grammatical construction. The study reveals that aspect is treated differently in English and MA. English aspect hinges on the viewing frame adopted. Therefore, the shift from one viewing frame to another results in the change from one situation type to another. By contrast, in MA, the perfective use calls for the adoption of a maximal viewing frame. However, the imperfective use calls for two interpretations: the event can be seen with either a maximal or a restricted viewing frame. In the absence of elements that co-determine the aspect in MA, general context is the only indication of the appropriate interpretation. The differences in the aspectual systems of English and MA may lead to difficulties in language acquisition. MA learners attempting to learn English, and vice versa, may face challenges in learning both the grammatical structure and its associated meanings.

NSTEMI MINOCA: clinical-instrumental characterization of a heterogeneous clinical enigma

Abstract Background The nosology of angiographically non-critical coronary myocardial infarction (MINOCA) with the presentation of NSTEMI represents a challenge for the clinician due to the lack of a clear definition of this entity, which is often interpreted as a transitional diagnosis awaiting a more precise investigation. Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of MINOCA with NSTEMI presentation, comparing it with a population of type 2 (T2) NSTEMI to identify significant clinical-instrumental and outcome predictors. Methods In this single-centre retrospective observational study, 18223 undergoing invasive coronary angiography were screened from 2005 to 2022. After a review of angiographic data and clinical presentation, 538 patients were included, of which 301 were classified as MINOCA and 237 as T2 NSTEMI following guidelines. The primary outcome was defined as a composite of death, non-fatal AMI, non-fatal transitory ischemic attack or stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Results After stratification by diagnosis, patients with MINOCA were younger than those with T2 NSTEMI (66.33 ± 11.67 vs 70.55 ± 10.94 years, respectively, p<0.0001), tended to be less hypertensive (SBP 137.34 ± 18.98 vs 144.68 ± 30.32, respectively, p=0.001), with lower diastolic pressure (81.1 ± 16.95 vs 78.28 ± 10.35, respectively, p=0.018). The MINOCA group had a lower incidence of typical risk factors such as diabetes (p=0.001), hypertension (p=0.002), atherosclerotic disease (p<0.0001) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.002) but was more frequently smokers (p<0.0001). Atypical cardiovascular risk factors such as adverse events during pregnancy (p=0.013) were more frequent in the MNOCA group. At logistic regression analysis, typical chest pain (p<0.0001), the absence of palpitations (p<0.0001), lower heart rate (p=0.012), sinus rhythm (p=0.001), advanced age (p=0.015), absence of ST-segment changes (p=0.002), absence of diastolic dysfunction (p=0.001) and hypo/akinesia with non-coronary distribution at echocardiography (p<0.0001), and postmenopausal status (p=0.009) were independent predictors of MINOCA. During a median follow-up time of 61.1 [34.2 – 100.34] months, 135 patients met the primary endpoint. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with MINOCA were less likely to experience the composite endpoint than NSTEMI T2 (p<0.0001). Conclusions The MINOCA group was associated with a more subtle clinical-instrumental presentation and unconventional risk factors that account for the greater diagnostic difficulty. Moreover, in the MINOCA group, the absence of elements that classically characterize the AMI-CAD predicts the occurrence of the event with high accuracy. Finally, the MINOCA subgroup had a better prognosis for the major cardiac adverse events than T2 NSTEMI, the latter is therefore comparable to the classic MI-CAD.Nomogram for MINOCA predictors

The discovery of multiple active mys-related LTR-retroelements within the Neotominae subfamily of cricetid rodents.

Retrotransposon families in the rodent family Cricetidae have been understudied in contrast to Muridae, both taxa classified within the superfamily Muroidea. Therefore, we carried out a study to advance our knowledge of the unique mys LTR-retroelement identified in Peromyscus leucopus, by incorporating intra-ORF PCR, quantitative dot blots, DNA and protein library screens, the generation of molecular phylogenies, and analyses of orthologous LTR-retroelement loci. These analyses led to the discovery of three additional related families of LTR-retroelements, which include a 2900bp full-length element of mys-related sequences (mysRS), an 8000bp element containing the mys ORF1 sequence (mORF1) with ERV-related sequences downstream in the reverse orientation, as well as an 1800bp element primarily consisting of mys ORF2 (mORF2) related sequences flanked by LTRs. Our data revealed only a few full-length mys elements among genera of the Neotominae subfamily of cricetid rodents, most existing as partial copies. The mysRS and mORF1 elements are also limited to the genomes of the Neotominae subfamily, whereas mORF2 appears to be restricted to the Peromyscus genus. Molecular phylogenies demonstrating concerted evolution along with an assessment of orthologous loci in Peromyscus for the presence or absence of elements are consistent with activity of these novel LTR-retroelement families within this genus. Together with known activity of various families of non-LTR retroelements in Peromyscus species, we propose that retrotransposons have been continually contributing to the dynamics of Peromyscus genomes promoting genomic diversity and may be correlated with the evolution of more than 50 identified Peromyscus species.

Observation of the Orbital Rashba-Edelstein Magnetoresistance.

We report the observation of magnetoresistance (MR) that could originate from the orbital angular momentum (OAM) transport in a permalloy (Py)/oxidized Cu (Cu^{*}) heterostructure: the orbital Rashba-Edelstein magnetoresistance. The angular dependence of the MR depends on the relative angle between the induced OAM and the magnetization in a similar fashion as the spin Hall magnetoresistance. Despite the absence of elements with large spin-orbit coupling, we find a sizable MR ratio, which is in contrast to the conventional spin Hall magnetoresistance which requires heavy elements. Through Py thickness-dependence studies, we conclude another mechanism beyond the conventional spin-based scenario is responsible for the MR observed in Py/Cu^{*} structures-originated in a sizable transport of OAM. Our findings not only suggest the current-induced torques without using any heavy elements via the OAM channel but also provide an important clue towards the microscopic understanding of the role that OAM transport can play for magnetization dynamics.

Приоритетные задачи совершенствования механизма рационального землепользования в сельском хозяйстве

One of the main goals of sustainable development in agriculture is to ensure rational land use, which is still not being achieved in Russia. This is evidenced by the progressive processes of land degradation and the continuing decline in soil fertility, which is largely due to the miscalculations of the state land management. The existing mechanism of land management is largely characterized by inconsistency and the absence of elements that ensure interest in a favorable ecological state of land. The result of this is the formation of a number of serious systemic problems that pose a threat to the very possibility of ensuring rational land use. These problems can be solved by expanding the parameters of state regulation of agriculture; forming a system of incentives for land users that would encourage rational use of land resources; ensuring proper state control over the reproduction of land fertility, as well as preventing their degradation. For this necessity is to improve the mechanism of agricultural land use management, the essence of which can be reduced to the formation of a system of legal means that ensures the harmonization of economic and environmental processes in land use. The authors have formulated a number of priority tasks that should be solved in the process of improving the mechanism of land use management.

Determining the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Propeller-Driven Anti-UAV Fighter While Designing Air Propellers

Abstract Given the rising importance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this article addresses the urgent scientific problem of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of a UAV while laying out the propellers for the wings. We discuss the methodology for experimental wind-tunnel studies of aircraft configurations with propellers. It is shown that a characteristic feature of the configuration small-elongation wing with propellers is the absence of elements that are not affected by propellers. This feature makes it difficult to implement and automate a wind tunnel experiment, since there are problems with providing similar criteria for a working propeller; it is difficult to achieve perfect balancing for solid drive propellers, which causes vibration, the level of which depends on uncontrolled factors; the inability to neglect the presence of the body elements influence to the blades of propellers; the difficulty of direct measuring propeller thrust and torque. The presented methodology involves the integrated usage of experimental and numerical methods to eliminate the difficulties in conducting physical experiments in a wind tunnel. This approach makes it possible to combine the high credibility of experimental data in the study of the physical essence of phenomena with high efficiency and accuracy in determining aerodynamic characteristics by numerical methods. Using this approach, we established dependences of the aerodynamic characteristics of the small-elongation wing configuration with counter-rotating propellers on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the configuration for other extensions and constrictions of the wings. These data can serve as the basis for the development of recommendations for the selection of sensible geometric parameters of the aerodynamic configuration of a small-elongation wing with counter-rotating propellers.

A clinical case of chickenpox complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema in combination with a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a 5-year-old child

The new coronavirus infection COVID-1 9 in children generally proceeds favorably, but in combination with other acute infectious diseases and in persons with background pathology and impaired immune reactivity may pose a particular threat.The article presents a clinical case of chickenpox, complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema, in combination with COVID-1 9 in a 5-year-old child. Chickenpox was not quite typical: against the background of febrile temperature, there was a scanty spot-papular rash with single vesicles that appeared later, the absence of elements on the mucous membranes and the development of neurological symptoms in the first day of the disease. CОVID-1 9 was characterized by a wave-like course with fever up to 39,1 °C, tonsillitis phenomena and inflammatory changes in the blood test.

New insights into the depositional environment and stratigraphic position of the Gugu Breccia (Pădurea Craiului Mountains, Romania)

The study of the carbonate clasts and matrix of a problematic sedimentary formation (the Gugu Breccia) from the Pădurea Craiului Mountains reveals new information concerning its depositional environment and stratigraphic position. The identified microfacies and micropaleontological assemblages demonstrate that all the sampled limestone clasts from the Gugu Breccia represent remnants of a fragmented Urgonian-type carbonate platform. The Barremian age of the clasts suggests that the stratigraphic position of the Gugu Breccia at its type locality could be uppermost Barremian-lowermost Aptian, a fact demonstrated also by the absence of elements from Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforms higher in the stratigraphic column (e.g., Aptian or Albian) of the Bihor Unit. The sedimentological observations together with the matrix mineralogy bring new arguments for the recognition of terrigenous input during the formation of the Gugu Breccia.

It's in the syllabus … or is it? How biology syllabi can serve as communication tools for creating inclusive classrooms at a large-enrollment research institution.

Syllabi are usually required by institutions of higher education and often are the first exposure that students have to a particular course. Instructors can use syllabi as a mechanism to convey important information to students. Moreover, a syllabus can be considered a tool to create inclusive biology courses by transmitting information to all students equitably. In this study, we examined 75 biology course syllabi collected from a research-intensive institution to examine what content instructors include. We reviewed the syllabi to determine the presence or absence of elements and assessed to what extent there were differences in the presence or absence of certain syllabus elements based on course level and course size. We found that instructors are most likely to include content about course expectations and least likely to include content about creating positive classroom climate on their course syllabi. Despite university requirements, many instructors did not include the university-mandated criteria and they did not include elements that could increase how inclusive students perceive the course to be. However, instructors more often included inclusive content when it was required by the university. We also found that students enrolled in upper level courses and small enrollment courses are provided with less content on their syllabi, which we would then interpret as a less inclusive syllabus. We discuss the implications of how these results may differentially impact students in these courses and how the syllabus can be a tool for creating more inclusive college biology courses.

Instalação de implantes dentários simultâneo a realização de Sinus Lift: Relato de Caso

Devido à perda dentária precoce, a reabsorção alveolar durante toda a vida, assim como a redução de tamanho do rebordo alveolar. A perda de altura óssea leva ao aplainamento do palato, isto leva a pneumatização dos seios maxilares junto com a expansão de suas câmaras, fator este que dificulta o sucesso na fixação de elementos implantáveis. O estudo em questão tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de uma paciente que foi submetida a realização de uma cirurgia de levantamento de seio maxilar e instalação de implantes em área posterior da maxila (ausência dos elementos 15 e 16). A técnica de Sinus Lift foi optada cumprindo a indicação baseada na altura do osso residual, que fora 4mm, feito deslocamento da membrana sinusal e preenchimento da cavidade com enxerto ósseo xenógeno Bio-Oss large 1g, fora feita instalação simultânea dos implantes Neodent Gran Morse 3.5x11.5. Após a realização dos procedimentos será aguardado um período de 6 meses para reabilitação final com a prótese fixa sobre os implantes. Sendo esta diminuição do tempo para reabilitação um dos pontos positivos desta técnica simultânea.

Twentieth-century emergence of antimicrobial resistant human- and bovine-associated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium lineages in New York State

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) boasts a broad host range and can be transmitted between livestock and humans. While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of this acquisition is not well understood. Using New York State (NYS) and its dairy cattle farms as a model system, 87 S. Typhimurium strains isolated from 1999 to 2016 from either human clinical or bovine-associated sources in NYS were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. More than 91% of isolates were classified into one of four major lineages, two of which were largely susceptible to antimicrobials but showed sporadic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene acquisition, and two that were largely multidrug-resistant (MDR). All four lineages clustered by presence and absence of elements in the pan-genome. The two MDR lineages, one of which resembled S. Typhimurium DT104, were predicted to have emerged circa 1960 and 1972. The two largely susceptible lineages emerged earlier, but showcased sporadic AMR determinant acquisition largely after 1960, including acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring genes after 1985. These results confine the majority of AMR acquisition events in NYS S. Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.

Ensuring the Independence and Autonomy of the Judiciary in the Context of the 2020 Constitutional Reform

The paper analyzes the amendments to the Constitution proposed by the President of the Russian Federation in connection with certain elements of the constitutional and legal status of the judge, evaluates the possible limits of the change of the Basic Law without distorting the fundamental principles and legal foundations of the Constitution, including ensuring the independence and autonomy of the judiciary and the principle of separation of powers. According to the amendments, the powers of the President and the legislature regarding their influence on the judiciary were considerably expanded. It seems that the changes in the legislation detailing the powers of the President to initiate the early termination of the powers of judges and the procedure itself, should be formulated in such a way that the powers of the President and the Council of the Federation in this regard neither overlap with the powers of the qualification boards of judges nor diminish the independence and autonomy of the judiciary. The author argues that judicial self-government plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance between the branches of government, creating conditions for effective justice through guarantees of independence of judges. In this connection, the decision concerning early termination of the judges’ powers on defamatory grounds without the participation of bodies of the judicial community, in the absence of elements of an adversarial process and without the possibility of appealing against such a decision, significantly diminishes the constitutional and legal status of the judge. As a result of the conducted research it is proved that amendments to the Constitution have redistributed powers between the branches of government, there are real risks of violation of the principle of independence and autonomy of the judiciary. The constitutional reform should result in making laws aimed at preserving the constitutional balance between the branches of government.

Abstract IA13: LC3-associated phagocytosis in inflammation and anticancer immunity

Abstract Two ancient processes, phagocytosis and macroautophagy, arose as mechanisms of meeting the energy demands of the cell. Both also evolved into mechanisms of host defense. We have described a process we term “LC3-associated phagocytosis” (LAP), in which signals that are generated upon engulfment of particles by phagocytic cells induce components of the autophagy machinery to associate with the phagosome, promoting its fusion to lysosomes (phagosome maturation). While engulfment of latex beads (for example) does not induce LAP, particles that engage TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, FcR, or receptors for engulfment of dying cells, cause recruitment of LC3 (ATG8) to the phagosome membrane. Like macroautophagy, this LC3 association depends on Beclin1, PI3P generation, ATG5, and ATG7, but unlike autophagy, LC3 associates with the single phagosome membrane (rather than the double membrane of autophagosomes). Further, unlike macroautophagy, LAP proceeds in the absence of elements of the autophagic preinitiation complex, ULK1, ATG13, and FIP200, and involves a novel PI3K complex. This raises an intriguing possibility: It is now well established that defects in some components of the autophagy machinery promote inflammatory disease and compromise host defense to intracellular infections. While such effects are generally interpreted as consequences of defective macroautophagy, the existence of LAP as a discrete phenomenon suggests that at least some such effects may specifically relate to LAP. I will discuss LAP and its relationship to phagosome maturation, and its roles in anticancer immunity and inflammatory disease. Citation Format: Douglas R. Green. LC3-associated phagocytosis in inflammation and anticancer immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.

Use of Extra-Narrow-Diameter Implants in Reduced Alveolar Ridge: A Case Report

Background: Narrow-diameter implants (3.0 - 3.5 mm range) have been introduced for the replacement of teeth with insufficient bone structure and/or limited mesiodistal or interimplant spaces, and appear to offer clinical results similar to those obtained with implants of greater diameter. Studies using extra-narrow-diameter implants (2.8 mm) are scarce. Case Presentation: A 59-year-old male patient received two extra-narrow-diameter implants, 2.8 × 11 mm in the region between elements 11 and 14. Together, two 3.5 × 8.5 mm SYSTHEX® platform 4.1 implants were installed in the region of elements 15 and 16 to provide greater stability in the occlusion. Of four previous implants on the maxillary left side, one in the region between the elements 23 and 24 that was located in a very apical position and vestibularized was removed. The provisional was already installed on the elements 11, 21, and 22 with the metal cores already prepared and with the Globteck® implants in the region of the elements 23, 24, and 27. The functional and esthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusions: Insertion of extra-narrow-diameter implants of 2.8 mm in the maxillary anterior region is a reliable option in a patient with absence of elements 12 and 13, restoring masticatory function and aesthetics in the upper arch.

КОМПОНУВАННЯ ВИНИЩУВАЧА МАЛОРОЗМІРНИХ БПЛА ДЛЯ ЗАХИСТУ ЛОКАЛЬНО ОБМЕЖЕНОГО ПРОСТОРУ

Стаття присвячена вирішенню актуальної наукової задачі синтезу аеродинамічного компонування винищувача малорозмірних безпілотних літальних апаратів. Проведений аналіз БПЛА який свідчить про посилення ролі безпілотної авіації в світі. Викладена методика проведення експериментальних досліджень компонувань літальних апаратів в аеродинамічних трубах. Представлена розроблена методика визначення аеродинамічних характеристик компонувань, що містить комплексне використання експериментальних методів та числових методів – методу збурених потенціалів. Характерною рисою компонування крила малого подовження з повітряними гвинтами є відсутність елементів, на які не впливають гвинти. Ця особливість істотно ускладнює проведення та автоматизацію експерименту в аеродинамічній трубі, оскільки існують проблеми забезпечення критеріїв подібності для рацюючого повітряного гвинта; складність досягнення ідеального балансування гвинтів з жорстким приводом спричиняє наявність вібрації, рівень якої залежить від неконтрольованих факторів; неможливість знехтувати наявністю впливу тілесних елементів компонування на лопаті повітряних гвинтів; складність безпосереднього виміру тяги та крутного моменту повітряних гвинтів. Такий підхід дозволить поєднати високу достовірність експериментальних при дослідженні фізичної сутності явищ, високу точність визначення аеродинамічних сил при побудові положення вихрової пелени від повітряних гвинтів. Встановлені залежності є основою для розробки рекомендацій з вибору раціональних геометричних параметрів аеродинамічного компонування крила малого подовження з повітряними гвинтами протилежного обертання.

Assessment of the contents of a selected macro, micro and toxic elements in ripen bael fruits and tender shoots of water spinach and sweet potato using XRF and ICP-MS methods

Macro and micro elemental nutrient profiles and compositions of toxic heavy metals in food items are important attributes in culinary and nutrition sciences. We selected ripen bael fruits of elite accessions selected for large-scale cultivation in Sri Lanka, Kankong, a green leafy vegetable prone to bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals (market and commercially available samples) and shoot-tops of sweet potato, an underutilized leafy vegetable to detect the elemental compositions using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric (ICP-MS) methods. Bael pulp was extracted from ripe fruits and, Kankong and sweet potato shoot-tops were collected. The presence and absence of elements were assessed using XRF. The elemental contents were measured using ICP-MS, and statistically analyzed. Bael and SP samples did not contain toxic heavy metals As and Pb whereas Kankong samples collected from a municipal wastewater drain contained all these toxic elements in large quantities. Kankong samples purchased from open market contained Hg, Cd, As and Cr. It is also noted that Pb separately correlated with Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg contents in Kankong implying that they are under a common absorption mechanism or coming from a common source in the polluted habitat. The present study concludes that Kankong in Sri Lanka is unsafe for consumption and SP is an alternative to replace Kankong.