Above-cited Article Research Articles

Expression of Concern. Eduardo R. Ropelle, José R. Pauli, Dennys E. Cintra, Adelino S. da Silva, Cláudio T. De Souza, Dioze Guadagnini, Bruno M. Carvalho, Andrea M. Caricilli, Carlos K. Katashima, Marco A. Carvalho-Filho, Sandro Hirabara, Rui Curi, Lício A. Velloso, Mario J.A. Saad, and José B.C. Carvalheira. Targeted Disruption of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Protects Against Aging, S-Nitrosation, and

On the basisofthe recommendationofthe American Diabetes Association's Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes,is issuing thisexpressionof concernto alert readers about the authenticity of the data in the above-cited article. Multiple panels in this article are unexpectedly similar to those appearing in articles in PLOS ONE and PLOS Biology authored by the same laboratory.In Fig. 2A, the αtubulin panel appears to be similar to the β-actin panels in Fig. 7J and K of the following 2012 article in PLOS ONE: Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Moraes JC, etal. Unsaturated fatty acids revert diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. PLoS One 2012;7:e30571 (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030571)In Fig. 2B, the pIKKβ panel appears to be similar to the mirror image of the pPERKThr981 panel in Fig. 7G of the following now-retracted 2010 article in PLOS Biology: Ropelle ER, Flores MB, Cintra DE, etal. IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity links exercise to hypothalamic insulin and leptin sensitivity through IKKβ and ER stress inhibition [retracted in: PLoS Biol 2023;21:e3002079]. PLoS Biol 2010;8:e1000465 (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000465) Diabetesis a member journal of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (publicationethics.org). As such, the editors of the journal and the ESP refer to COPE's guidelines and recommendations when reviewing such matters.

Expression of Concern. Marciane Milanski, Ana P. Arruda, Andressa Coope, Letícia M. Ignacio-Souza, Carla E. Nunez, Erika A. Roman, Talita Romanatto, Livia B. Pascoal, Andrea M. Caricilli, Marcio A. Torsoni, Patricia O. Prada, Mario J. Saad, and Licio A. Velloso. Inhibition of Hypothalamic Inflammation Reverses Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in the Liver. Diabetes 2012;61:1455-1462. DOI: 10.2337/db11-0390. PMID: 22522614. PMCID:PMC3357298.

On the basisofthe recommendationofthe American Diabetes Association's Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisherofDiabetes,is issuing thisexpressionof concernto alert readers about the authenticity of the data in the above-cited article. A within-article panel duplication has been identified, and a panel in this article is unexpectedly similar to a panel appearing in a PLOS ONE article authored by the same laboratory.The βactin panel under pAKt in Fig. 1H appears to be a possible duplicate, with horizontal rotation, of the βactin panel under pAKt in Fig. 3B.The Actin blot in Fig. 2E appears to be a possible duplicate, with size adjustments, of the Actin panel in Fig. 2G in the following 2012 article in PLOS ONE: Lima MHM, Caricilli AM, de Abreu LL, etal. Topical insulin accelerates wound healing in diabetes by enhancing the AKT and ERK pathways: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. PLoS One 2012;7:e36974 (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036974) Diabetesis a member journal of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (publicationethics.org). As such, the editors of the journal and the ESP refer to COPE's guidelines and recommendations when reviewing such matters.

Statement of Retraction. Yu Zhao, Jiliang Wu, Huaiping Zhu, Ping Song, and Ming-Hui Zou. Peroxynitrite-Dependent Zinc Release and Inactivation of Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase 1 Instigate Its Ubiquitination in Diabetes. Diabetes 2013;62:4247-4256. DOI: 10.2337/db13-0751. PMID: 23974923. PMCID: PMC3837037.

The above-cited article has been retracted by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the publisher of Diabetes. Because of ongoing concerns related to instances of potential image duplication, ADA's Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP) believes that the integrity of the study has been compromised and, therefore, the article should be retracted. The ADA, the publisher of Diabetes, has approved the Panel's recommendation. The ESP maintains that the following instances of potential duplication affect the overall reliability of the study:The IB: Biotin lanes in Fig. 1D and Fig. 2E, with contrast and brightness adjustments, appear to be similar.The IB: FLAG lanes in Fig. 1D and Fig. 2E (lanes 2-4), with contrast and size adjustments, appear to be similar. More information about ADA's retraction policies and procedures can be found at https://diabetesjournals.org/content/journal-policies.

Statement of Retraction. Zhonglin Xie, Junhua Zhang, Jiliang Wu, Benoit Viollet, and Ming-Hui Zou. Upregulation of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein-2 by the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Cells Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Diabetes 2008;57:3222-3230. DOI: 10.2337/db08-0610. PMID: 18835932. PMCID: PMC2584127.

The above-cited article has been retracted by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the publisher of Diabetes. Because of ongoing concerns related to instances of potential image duplication, the ADA's Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP) believes that the integrity of the study has been compromised and that the article should therefore be retracted. The ADA, the publisher of Diabetes, has approved the Panel's recommendation. The ESP maintains that the following instances of potential duplication affect the overall reliability of the study:The c-Jun panel in Fig. 5A and lanes 1-3 of the IP: PGIS/WB: PGIS panel in Fig. 6C appear to be duplicates.The p-38 panel in Fig. 5A and lanes 4-6 of the IP: PGIS/WB: PGIS panel in Fig. 6C appear to be duplicates.In Fig. 6D, the left half of the Control-AMPK α2 KO panel and the right third of the STZ/AICAR-AMPK α2 KO panel, with different aspect ratios, appear to be duplicates.In Fig. 6D, the STZ-C57BL6 panel and the middle portion of the STZ/AICAR-AMPK α2 KO panel appear to be duplicates.In the IP: PGIS/WB: 3-NT panel of Fig. 6C, there appears to be possible splicing between lanes 2 and 3 and between lanes 3 and 4. More information about ADA's retraction policies and procedures can be found at https://diabetesjournals.org/content/journal-policies.

Expression of Concern. Shuangxi Wang, Jian Xu, Ping Song, Benoit Viollet, and Ming-Hui Zou. InVivo Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Diabetes-Enhanced Degradation of GTP Cyclohydrolase I. Diabetes 2009;58:1893-1901. DOI: 10.2337/db09-0267. PMID: 19528375. PMCID: PMC2712774.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association's (ADA's) Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the ADA, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to the possible republication of images presented in the above-cited article. In particular, the GTPCH I panel in Fig. 2A, the β-actin panel in Fig. 2A, and the GTPCH I panel in Fig. 3A of this article are unexpectedly similar to the p67, β-actin, and Nox2 panels, respectively, of Fig. 6C of the now-retracted 2016 article cited below: Hu M, Lui B. Resveratrol via activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling suppresses oxidative stress to prevent endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016;38:381-387. DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1131288. PMID: 27149559. Retraction in: Clin Exp Hypertens 2021;43:801. DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1475654 In addition, the ESP has noted that within the article, the AMPK panel in Fig. 1A, the eNOS panel in Fig. 2A, and the β-actin panel in Fig. 5A, with adjustments to aspect ratios, also appear to be unexpectedly similar. In light of these concerns, the ADA has asked the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, the corresponding author's institutional affiliation at the time the study was conducted, to investigate this matter. Diabetes is a member journal of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (publicationethics.org). As such, the editors of the journal and the ESP refer to COPE's guidelines and recommendations when reviewing such matters.

Statement of Retraction. Wencheng Zhang, Qilong Wang, Ping Song, and Ming-Hui Zou. Liver Kinase B1 Is Required for White Adipose Tissue Growth and Differentiation. Diabetes 2013;62:2347-2358. DOI: 10.2337/db12-1229. PMID: 23396401. PMCID: PMC3712073.

At the request of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), the above-cited article has been retracted. An OUHSC investigation into the integrity of the data presented in the article concluded that multiple Western blot images were falsified. The falsifications are described below.Lanes 2-5 of the Fig. 6A GAPDH Western blot were horizontally flipped and duplicated in the Fig. 6C GAPDH blot.Lanes 1 and 2 of the Fig. 6C IRS1 Western blot were horizontally flipped and duplicated in lanes 1 and 2 of the Fig. 6D IRS1 blot. The American Diabetes Association's (ADA's) Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs has also identified the following additional area of concern in the article cited above:The GAPDH panel in Fig. 4B and lanes 1-4 of the GAPDH panel in Fig. 5D appear to be duplicates, with minor size adjustments. More information about ADA's retraction policies and procedures can be found at https://diabetesjournals.org/content/journal-policies.

Erratum. Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1185-1193.

In Table 1 of the above-cited article, data for GDM-exposed and unexposed children for characteristics daily energy intake (EI), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and …

Erratum. Inhibition of TNF-α Improves the Bladder Dysfunction That Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2012;61:2134-2145.

In the above-cited article, the “CTR 12w” image in Fig. 2 F was inadvertently duplicated in Fig. 7 F …

Erratum. Exercise-Induced Increases in Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated By Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Diabetes 2020;69:1675-1691.

In Table 2 of the above-cited article, the difference (95% CI) after intervention for VAT (kg) was inadvertently reported as 1.40 (−2.17 to 4.98). The correct value is 0.140 (−0.217 to 0.498). In the Supplementary Fig. 1 (study recruitment), it …

Erratum. Microencapsulated G3C Hybridoma Cell Graft Delays the Onset of Spontaneous Diabetes in NOD Mice by an Expansion of Gitr+ Treg Cells. Diabetes 2020;69:965-980.

In the legend for Fig. 3 B of the above-cited article, the term “splenoctyes” was inadvertently used to describe the …

Erratum. Impaired Metabolic Flexibility to High-Fat Overfeeding Predicts Future Weight Gain in Healthy Adults. Diabetes 2020;69:181-192.

In Table 2 of the above-cited article, mean ± SD (minimum, maximum) data for 24-h energy expenditure (kcal/day) during …

Erratum. Adipocyte Pseudohypoxia Suppresses Lipolysis and Facilitates Benign Adipose Tissue Expansion. Diabetes 2015;64:733-745.

In Fig. 1 E of the above-cited article, there was a vertical flip in the HIF-2α image, which …

Erratum. Hostility, race, and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic individuals. Diabetes Care 2002;25:835-839.

According to a review conducted by the Duke University Office of Research, Professor Edward C. Suarez was omitted as an author in the above-cited article. The university concluded that Dr. Suarez qualifies …

Expression of Concern. The IR1152 Mutant Insulin Receptor Selectively Impairs Insulin Action in Skeletal Muscle but Not in Liver. Diabetes 2000;49:1194-1202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.7.1194. PMID: 10909978.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers of the journal contacted Diabetes about potentially duplicated images in the article, the ESP reviewed the following issues:

Expression of Concern. Protein Kinase C (PKC)-α Activation Inhibits PKC-ζ and Mediates the Action of PED/PEA-15 on Glucose Transport in the L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Diabetes 2001;50:1244-1252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1244. PMID: 11375323.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers of the journal contacted Diabetes about potentially duplicated images in the article, the ESP reviewed the following issues:

Expression of Concern. Prep1 Controls Insulin Glucoregulatory Function in Liver by Transcriptional Targeting of SHP1 Tyrosine Phosphatase. Diabetes 2011;60:138-147. DOI: 10.2337/db10-0860. PMID: 20864515.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers of the journal contacted Diabetes about potentially duplicated images in the article, the ESP contacted the corresponding author to request explanations for the reported anomalies. Replying on behalf of all authors, the corresponding author responded that the images were similar but unique, and he provided source images and detailed visual analyses to support the originality …

Expression of Concern. EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PD153035) Improves Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Action in High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice. Diabetes 2009;58:2910–2919. DOI: 10.2337/db08-0506. PMID: 19696185

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers of the journal contacted Diabetes about potentially duplicated images in the article, the ESP reviewed the following …

Statement of Retraction. A Central Role for Neuronal AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in High-Protein Diet-Induced Weight Loss. Diabetes 2008;57:594-605. DOI: 10.2337/db07-0573.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes , is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers of the journal contacted Diabetes about potentially duplicated images in the article, the ESP reviewed the following issues: Prada et al. FEBS Lett …

Statement of Retraction. Tub Has a Key Role in Insulin and Leptin Signaling and Action In Vivo in Hypothalamic Nuclei. Diabetes 2013;62:137-148. DOI: 10.2337/db11-1388.

The above-cited article has been retracted by the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes . This article was previously the subject of an expression of concern in the April 2016 issue of the journal (Diabetes 2016;65:1121–1122. DOI: 10.2337/db16-ec04. PMID: 27208021). As noted in the April 2016 expression of concern, the American Diabetes Association asked the corresponding author’s institution, the University of Campinas (Sao Paulo, Brazil), to investigate concerns related to the possible duplication of several images presented in this article. The American Diabetes Association did not receive a response from the university, but the lead author of the article, who is also listed as a guarantor of the study, provided a point-by-point response to address the issues reported in the expression of concern. After reviewing the author’s response, the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP) maintains that the …

Expression of Concern. Low Concentration of Interleukin-1β Induces FLICE-Inhibitory Protein-Mediated β-Cell Proliferation in Human Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2006;55:2713-2722; DOI: 10.2337/db05-1430.

On the basis of the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP), the American Diabetes Association, the publisher of Diabetes, is issuing this expression of concern to alert readers to questions about the reliability of the data in the above-cited article. After readers contacted the journal about the potential republication of images from this article, the ESP reviewed the following issues: